2003年职称英语理工类(A级)考试试题

第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinvented

CconsideredDaccepted2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrong

CkindDwild3.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

AmakingBtaking

CdiscussingDexpecting4.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell5.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBability

CpowerDvolume6.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely7.Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.

AsupportedBexcited

CinspiredDdirected8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.

AcleanBperfect

CrealDbrief9.Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

AsuggestedBwarned

CstatedDconfirmed10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock.

AbeganBcontinued

CendedDresumed11.Redflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

AsignBsubstitute

CproofDtarget12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

AreluctantBeager

CpleasedDangry13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

AlimitBcontrol

CreplaceDoffset14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

AdenyBinvestigate

CstressDcreate16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Partsofthedolphin’sbrainareparticularlywelldevelopedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

TheWeightExperiment

NicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda‘calorimeter’（热量测量室)isonewaytofindout.

1Thesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimply“ChamberOne”and“ChamberTwo”.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads“Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress”andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.

2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.

3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.

4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.“Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,”saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn’tgotoofast.

5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.

AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?

BWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperiment?

CWhatisacalorimeter?

DWhatisthefirstimpression?

EHowdothevolunteerskillthetime?

FWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?23Paragraph1____________24Paragraph1____________25Paragraph1____________26Paragraph1____________27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything___________.28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments________________.29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter____________.30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_____________.

Athevolunteersdo

Bbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem

Cbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboring

Dmakepeopleovereat

Ebecauseshewasherownboss

Fafterpassingahigh-proteintest

第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第二篇LivingwithComputer

AftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.Myboyfriend’sLiverpudianaccentsuddenlybecomeshardtounderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretary’stoneseemsmorerejectingthanI’dimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluid–hoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.

Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasaproducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-commuter(远程交谈者).IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-mailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.

IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andmanagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheblizzard(暴风雪)of’96onTV.

Butafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughI’vemergedwithmymachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanothernode(节点)ontheNet.Othersonlinereportthesamesymptoms.Westarttostronglydisliketheoutsideformsofsocializing.It’slikeattendinganA.A.meetinginabarwitheveryoneholdingahalf-sippeddrink.WehavebecometheNetopponents’worstnightmare.

Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeanavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction(网上交流),comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.

Attimes,Iturnonthetelevisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatI’dneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe(安慰)me,butthenI’mjarred(使感不快)bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orcompulsively(强制性地)needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather.“Dateline,”“Frontline,”“Nightline,”CNN,everypossibleangleofeverystoryoverandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmoversfromforegroundtobackground.36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentis

Aobscure.

Bdistinct.

Cunreal.

Dmisleading.37Thepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriendlivein

AEngland.

Bdifferentcountries.

Cthesamecity.

Dthesamecountry.38Livingaloneinahouse,thewriterseemsto

Ahavetotallyforgottenherwork.

Bbeafraidofherneighbors.

CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.

Dhavegonecrazy.39Welearnfromthepassagethatthewriter

AisfedupwiththeNetopponents.

Bpreferspeopletothecomputer.

Cisaddictedtothecomputer.

Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.40Thephrase“comingbackoutofthecave”inthefifthparagraphmeans

A“comingbackhome”.

B“givingupthepresentjob”.

C“livingaluxuriouslife”.

D“restoringrealhumancontact”.

第三篇TheBodyClock

WhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYork?Theanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.

Deepinsidethebrainthereisa‘clock’thatgovernseveryaspectofthebody’sfunctioning:sleepandwakecycles,levelsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.

Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.

Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellers’maladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofaperson’sinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoadjusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.

Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingto‘shrink’ourday.

Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.

Whenflyingwest,youare‘extendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolve‘shrinking’orreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclock’snaturaltendency.

Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:changingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.

Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestination’sscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.

So,ourbodyclocktrulycan‘govern’us.41Theroleofthebodyclockisto

Aenableustosleep6hoursaday.

Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.

Cregulatethebody’sfunctions.

Dinterferewiththebody’sfunctions.42Theword“malady”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto

A“condition”.

B“discomfort”.

C“injury”.

D“excitement”.43Flyinginawestwarddirectionwill

Ahelpyousleepbetter.

Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.

Cshrinkyourday.

Dmakeyouovereat.44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelers?

ACrossingdifferenttimezones.

BChanginglightandactivitylevels.

CWorkinglongerhours.

DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.45Itcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

Ayoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.

Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.

Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.

Dthereisn’tmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.

第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

RuiningtheRuins

Acidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.

Acidrainisalsocapableofdissolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchaslimestone(石灰石),areparticularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐蚀)morequickly.

__________(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.TheoldlimestonebuildingsinplaceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.

Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitesthestonehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance.________________(47).

Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears.________________(48)TheacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcaniceruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoneyandeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced.____________(49).

Mexico’scurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,MexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney.__________(50)However,thepriceofoilthendropped,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.Sounlessthepriceofoilrises,itisunlikelythatMexicowillbeabletoaffordtocleanupthepollutionandsaveitsMayanruinsfromdestruction.

AAtothersthepaintedsurfacesinsidetemplesareliftingandflakingoff()andthestoneisbeingeatenaway.

BThatisenoughtohavecausedsomeoftheancientcarvingstobecomeseriouslydamagedalready.

CThesemeasureswouldreducethepollution,butwouldnotstopitcompletely.

DThegovernmentwasthereforeabletoborrowhugesumsofmoneyfrombanksaroundtheworld,thinkingtheywouldhavenoproblemrepayingtheirdebts.

ETheproblem,however,isnotjustaEuropeanone.

FHowever,theMexicangovernmentdoesnothaveenoughmoneytodothework,andneedstospendwhatmoneyithasontheMexicanpeople.

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

ScienceandTruth

“FINAGLE”()isnotawordthatmostpeopleassociatewithscience.Onereasonisthattheimageofthescientistisofonewhoalways__________(51)datainanimpartial()searchfortruth.Inanydebate-___________(52)intelligence,schooling,energy–thephrase“sciencesays”usuallydisarmsopposition.

Butscientistshavelongacknowledgedtheexistenceofa“finaglefactor”–atendencybymanyscientiststogiveahelpfulchangetothedatato__________(53)desiredresults.ThelatestofthefinaglefactorinactioncomesfromStephenJayGould,aHarvardbiologist,whohas___________(54)theimportant19thcenturyworkofDr.SamuelGeorgeMorton.Mortonwasfamousinhistimeforanalyzingthebrain____________(55)oftheskullsasameasureofintelligence.Heconcludedthatwhiteshadthelargestbrains,thatthebrainsofIndiansandblacksweresmaller,and_______(56),thatwhitesconstituteasuperiorrace.

GouldwentbacktoMorton’soriginaldataandconcludedthatthe____________(57)wereanexampleofthefinagleatwork.HefoundthatMorton’s“discovery”wasmadebyleavingoutembarrassingdata,___________(58)incorrectprocedures,andchanginghiscriteria–again,alwaysinfavourofhisargument.Mortonhasbeenthoroughlydiscreditedbynowandscientistsdonotbelievethatbrainsizereflects__________(59).

ButG