2003年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案

大家论坛2003年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

AinfluenceBforceCsurpriseDpower

2Canyoufollowtheplot?

AchangeBinvestigateCunderstandDwrite

3Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

AmentalBphysicalCnaturalDhard

4Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

AjudgmentBresultCdecisionDevent

5NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

AbeliefsBstatementsCsuggestionsDclaims

6Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

ASoBSolongCSofarDSothat

7Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.

AsupposedBexcitedCdiscussedDsuggested

8Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.

AAfterwardsBThereforeCHoweverDFurthermore

9Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.

AsightBviewClookDpoint

10Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearlyCcloselyDcarefully

11Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

AinventedBexplainedCconsideredDaccepted

12Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrongCwildDkind

13Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy

AmakingBtakingCexpectingDdiscussing

14Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

AwasteBbuyCsellDuse

15Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBabilityCvolumeDpower

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),oneofmankind’smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune(免疫的)defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies,accordingtotheObserver.

AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld’sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU>S>FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginclinicalgenetherapy(治疗)trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave”farwiderapplications”.

Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas“shocking”butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient’sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics(遗传学)haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.

Unfortunately,thebody’simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.

TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecellsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies.

16FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody’simmunecells.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.

D.asenseofsecurity

E.alonelywolf

F.withoutpity

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇GivingUpSmoking

Anumberofdevicesareavailabletohelpapersonquitsmoking.Nicotine(尼古丁)patchesaresmall,nicotine-containingadhesive(粘着性的)discsappliedtotheskin.Thenicotineisslowlyabsorbedthroughtheskinandentersthebloodstream.Overtime,thenicotinedoseisreducedandeventuallythedesirefornicotineiseased.Nicotinegumworksinasimilarmanner,providingsmalldosesofnicotinewhenchewed.

Thebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludetheimmediatereductionofharmtothehealthofthesmokingandeasilyadmissiontosocialactivitiesandinstitutionsthatbansmoking.Ina1988report,theU.S.SurgeonGeneraldeclaredcigarettesmokingtobemoreharmfulandexpensivethantheuseofcocaine(可卡因),alcohol,orheroin.Recentevidencesupportsthisclaim.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthascollectedaspecialtaxoncigarettesforseveraldecades.Theraterosefrom8centsperpackof20cigarettesin1951to24centsperpackin1993.Inotherdevelopedcountries,thecigarettetaxrateismuchhigher,rangingfrom50percentinSwitzerlandto85percentinDenmark.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdirectactiontochecksmokingwastheregulationofawarmingoncigarettepackagesbytheFederalTradeCommission.Thiswarningtookeffectin1964andwasstrengthenedin1969toread:“Warning:TheSurgeonGeneralHasDeterminedThatCigaretteSmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth.”In1971allcigaretteadvertisingwasbannedfromradioandtelevision,andcitiesandstatespassedlawsrequiringnonsmokingsectionsinpublicplacesandworkplaces.

31．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpapersonquitsmoking?

A.Usingnicotinepatches.

B.Readingcigaretteadvertisements.

C.Chewingordinarygum.

D.Participatinginsocialactivities.

32.Nicotinegumisusedtohelpasmoker

A.stopsmoking

B.reduceweight

C.cleanhisteeth

D.absorbnicotineimmediately

33.ThebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.thereductionofexpenses.

B.theformationofagoodhabit.

C.thereductionofharmtoone’shealth.

D.easieraccesstoinstitutionsthatbansmoking.

34.Whichofthefollowingissaidtobethemostexpensiveandharmful?

A.Consumingalcohol.

B.Usingheroin.

C.Smokingcigarettes.

D.Takingcocaine.

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasteptocontrolsmoking?

A.Collectingaspecialtaxoncigarettes.

B.Forbiddingsmokinginallpublicplaces.

C.BanningcigaretteadvertisingfromradioandTV.

D.Requiringawarningoneachcigarettepackage.

第二篇EffectsofExerciseonElderlyDiabetics(糖尿病人)

Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetes(糖尿病)couldstoptakinginsulin(胰岛素)iftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjusttheretimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedinaCopenhagennewspaper,ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagencentralhospitalRigshospitalet’sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytomakeuseofinsulinby30percent.Thisisequaltotheeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedication(药物治疗)today.

Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeIIdiabetes,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldmakeuseofasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.

AssociateProfessorDrFlemmingDelaoftheMuscle

Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas(胰腺),controllingsugarinthebodyandisusedagainstdiabetes.

Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintosweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoffafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

Mostdiabeticsrealizethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

36.WhatistheeffectofexerciseonelderlypeoplewithtypeIIdiabetes?

A.Itcanworsentheirsymptoms.

B.Itcanhelpthebodymakebetteruseofinsulin.

C.Itcanhelpthemtoeatmore.

D.Itcancurethemofthedisease.

37.Theexercisethattheresearcherstriedontheirtestsubjectswas

A.cyclingsixtimesaweekforthreemonths.

B.walkingbrisklyforthirtyminutesthreetimesaweek.

C.swimmingtwiceaday.

D.runningonceaday.

38.Theresearcherscheckedhowwellthetestsubjects’insulinworkedbymeasuring

A.thebloodsugarlevelintheirbodies.

B.thelengthoftimetheycouldcycleinonebreath.

C.theamountofsugartheirmusclescouldmakeuseof.

D.theamountofinsulintheytook.

39.Itisrecommendedthatdiabeticsmaintainsufficientexercisesinceotherwise

A.theirsymptomswillgetworse.

B.thebloodsugarlevelwillgoup.

C.theirconditionwillbeoutofcontrol.

D.thedesiredeffectcannotbeachieved.

40.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatmostdiabeticsareignorantof

A.thesignificanceofregularexercise.

B.thenecessityofwatchingtheirdiet.

C.theneedtocontroltheirweight.

D.theconsequencesoftakingtoomuchinsulin.

第三篇FirstAid

Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,aclearairway（气道）,andbreathing,inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim’sconditionformturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.

First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim’sneedsandtheprovider’slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal(脊柱的)injuryandparalysis(瘫痪).

Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assess,thescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson’sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet(手镯)orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.

Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim’sconditionisknownbytheacronym(首字母缩写词)ABC,whichstandsfor:

A---Airway:Isitopenandclear?

B---Breathing:Isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.

C---Circulation:Isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.

41FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT

Asavingavictim’slife.

Bpreventingavictim’sconditionfromgettingworse.

Crelievingavictimfrompain.

Dhelpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury

42Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus

Atomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo

Btorefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.

Ctoremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.

Dtotakehimtoahospitalatonce

43Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall

Aremovehimfromtheaccidentscene.

Bturnhimover

Ccallforprofessionalmedicalhelp

Dexaminehimcarefully

44Youmayassessavictim’sconditionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

Acheckingwhetherthereisapulse.

Blooking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.

Creplacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.

Dexaminingwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.

45Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader

Atheimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.

Bsomebasicfactsaboutfirstaid

Cwhatprofessionalmedicalhelpis

Dwhocaadministerfirstaid.

第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

LoweringtheRiskofHeartDisease

LikemillionsofotherAmericans,Icomefromafamilywithahistoryoftheheartdisease.Myfatherhadhisfirstthreeheartattackswhenhewasonlythirty-one._____________(46)Igrewupwithheartdisease.Itwasthere,butIdidn’ttakeitseriously.

WhenIwasthirty-one,mybloodcholesterol（胆固醇）levelwasmeasuredforthefirsttime.Itwas311mg/dl,thedoctortoldme-anextremelyhighlevelthatputmeataveryhighhighriskofheartdisease,especiallywithmyfamilyhistory.HesentmetotheNationalInstitutesofHealth（NIH）tobescreenedforparticipationinaclinicaltrial._____________(47)

AtNIH,physiciansexplainedthedegreeofriskassociatedwithmybloodcholesterollevelandthenatureoftheexperiment.Thistestinvolvesputtingatubethroughalegartery（动脉）uptotheheart._____________（48）

Learningabouttherisksoftheexperimentaswellastheriskassociatedwithmyraisedbloodcholesterollevelscaredthelifeoutofme.AlthoughIwasexcludedfromparticipatinginthestudy,theexperiencemaywellhavesavedmylife.

Forthefirsttime,Ibegantorealizetheseriousnessofhighbloodcholesterol.___________(49)Butequallyimportant,Igotatasteofwhatitisliketobeapatient,tohavetestsdoneonmeandtothinkofmyselfassick.Thiswashardtotake.

Thisexperiencetaughtmetwolifesavinglessons.First,althoughIfeltfitandstrong,Iwasactuallyathighriskforheartdiseasebecauseofmyhighbloodcholesterollevel.Andwithmyfamilyhistory,itcouldnotbeignored.________________(50)

ASecond,IcouldlowermybloodcholesterollevelsimplybychangingwhatIate.

BIwasthreeyearsoldatthattime.

CThereisnotenoughoxygenintheblood.

DItwasaheartattackjustwaitingtohappen

EThetrialwasdesignedtotesttheeffectofloweringbloodcholesterolontheriskofheartdisease.

FThedeathrateforthetestwasonly1in100,Iwasassured.

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上

ASpecialClock

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclock________(51)plantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhento__________(52)theprotectivecocoon(防护卵袋)andflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.

Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal__________(53)theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseofthe__________(54)ofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort_________(55)ofwinter,itsfurb