2024届河北省邯郸市高三上学期第一次调研监测英语试题（解析版）

邯郸市2024届高三年级第一次调研监测英语本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atasmallcafé.B.Inashoppingcenter.C.Inarestingplace.2.Howlargeisthesecondarybedroom?A.12squaremeters.B.15squaremeters.C.30squaremeters.3.Howdidthewomancometowork?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Onfoot.4.Whatisthewoman?A.Atourist.B.Ahostess.C.Atourguide.5Whatisthemandoing?A.Playingbaseball.B.Readingabook.C.SurfingtheInternet.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whohasbrownhair?A.Alex.B.Tina.C.Susie.7Howdothespeakersmeet?A.Byself-introduction.B.Byappointment.C.Byaccident.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Fortunate.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Managerandcustomer.C.Interviewerandjobhunter.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tomakeacomplaint.B.Tobuyanewcar.C.Toaskforinformation.11.Whatwillthemechanicdofirst?A.Checkthecar.B.Replacethecar.C.Test-drivethecar.12.Whenwillthemechanicprobablygivethemandoor-to-doorservice?A.At5:00pm.B.At5:30pm.C.At6:00pm.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofhertriptoAlabama?A.Enjoyable.B.Terrible.C.Exhausting.14.Wheredoesthewoman’sgrandmaprobablylive?A.Inabigcity.B.Onawinefarm.C.Inthecountryside.15.Whatwouldthewomandointheevening?A.Visitwinefarms.B.Accompanyhergrandma.C.Takeawalk.16.Whatdoesthemanhopetodo?A.Tastedifferenttypesofwine.B.Gotravelingwiththewoman.C.VisitAlabamaimmediately.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoflearningEnglish?A.Difficult.B.Interesting.C.Effortless.18.Whatisthespeaker’sadviceonplayingvocabularygames?A.Spellingasmanywordsaspossible.BLearningnewwordswhiletravelling.C.Listingrelatedwordsaroundatopic.19.Whatshouldyoudoifyougetstuckinlearninggrammar?A.Askteachersforhelp.B.Domoreexercises.C.Refertoreferencebooks.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Howtoenlargeyourvocabulary.B.SometipsonlearningEnglish.C.Introductionofsomegames.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABookReviewsNotTooLate:ChangingtheClimateStoryfromDespairtoPossibilityByRebeccaSolnitandThelmaYoungLutunatabua(HaymarketBooks,2023)Hopeisn’talotteryticket,saysactivistandwriterRebeccaSolnit.Rather,it’satool,andanessentialoneforanyonelivingthroughclimatechangetoday.Thisessaycollectionfromscientists,policymakers,andactivistsbalancesshowingtheveryrealstakes(利害关系)oftheclimatecrisiswithmakingthecaseforpossibility.SavingTime:DiscoveringaLifeBeyondtheClockByJennyOdell(RandomHouse,2023)“Whatistime?”we’veallaskedourselvesandeachother.Formostofusthequestionisjustaquestion,butnotforOdell,whourgesustoseriouslyreconsiderthewayswespendit.Notbadadvice,butherobservationson,say,theimportanceofrestorthelimitationcapitalismhasonthehoursinourcollectivedayscanfeelmorelikeamixofotherpeople’sideasthananewwayforward.ScienceFiction:VoyagetotheEdgeofImaginationByGlynMorgan(Thames&Hudson,2022)ScienceFiction,writesNaloHopkinsoninthiscataloguefortheLondonMeganets:HowDigitalForcesBeyondOurControlCommandeerOurDailyLivesandInnerRealitiesByDavidB.Auerbach(PublicAffairs,2023)Auerbachdefinesmeganetsasautonomousdigitalforcesthathavebroughtanunheard-oflevelofchaostoourpolitics,economy,andsociallives.WemightthinkthatMicrosoft,Google,etc.areincontrolofthesenetworks;Auerbachsuggeststhatwhatchatbotsmightreallyindicatearenewmodesofmasscontrolandcheat.1.Whichbookisrelatedtoclimate?A.NotTooLate. B.SavingTime. C.ScienceFiction. D.Meganets.2.Whosebookcameoutfirst?A.JennyOdell’s.B.GlynMorgan’s.C.DavidB.Auerbach’s.D.RebeccaSolnitandThelmaYoungLutunatabua’s.3.WhatisDavidB.Auerbach’sattitudetowardmeganets?A.Worried. B.Excited. C.Disappointed. D.Satisfied.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几本书的书评。【1题详解】细节理解题。由“NotTooLate:ChangingtheClimateStoryfromDespairtoPossibility(《还为时不晚》：将气候故事从绝望变为可能)”中“Rather,it’satool,andanessentialoneforanyonelivingthroughclimatechangetoday.Thisessaycollectionfromscientists,policymakers,andactivistsbalancesshowingtheveryrealstakes(利害关系)oftheclimatecrisiswithmakingthecaseforpossibility.(相反，它是一种工具，对于今天生活在气候变化中的任何人来说都是必不可少的。这篇来自科学家、政策制定者和活动家的论文集在展示气候危机的真实利害关系和证明可能性之间取得了平衡)”可知，NotTooLate这本书与气候有关。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。对比其它三本书出版时间为2023年，由“ScienceFiction:VoyagetotheEdgeofImagination(《科幻小说》：想象力的边缘之旅)”中“ByGlynMorgan(Thames&Hudson,2022)(GlynMorgan（泰晤士和哈德逊出版社，2022）)”可知，GlynMorgan的书于2022年出版，为最先出版。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由“Meganets:HowDigitalForcesBeyondOurControlCommandeerOurDailyLivesandInnerRealities(Meganets：数字力量如何超越我们的控制，主宰我们的日常生活和内心现实)”中“Auerbachdefinesmeganetsasautonomousdigitalforcesthathavebroughtanunheard-oflevelofchaostoourpolitics,economy,andsociallives.(奥尔巴赫将巨网（meganets）定义为自主的数字力量，它们给我们的政治、经济和社会生活带来了前所未有的混乱)”可知，DavidB.Auerbach’s认为巨网（meganets）给人类的政治、经济和社会生活带来了前所未有的混乱，可得出他对巨网（meganets）持担忧的态度。故选A项。BWhenthedesignerandtypographer(排印工)MarcinWicharychanceduponatinymuseumjustoutsideBarcelonafiveyearsago,theexperiencetippedhisinterestinthehistoryoftechnologyintoanobsession(痴迷)withaveryparticularpartofit:thekeyboard.“Ihaveneverseensomanytypewritersunderoneroof.Notevenclose,”hesharedontheInternetatthetime.“Atthispoint,Iliterallyhavetearsinmyeyes.I’mnotkidding.Thisfeelslikeamiracle.”He’dhadadiscoverywhilewanderingthroughtheexhibit:Eachkeyonakeyboardhasitsownstories.Andthesestoriesarenotjustaboutcomputingtechnology,butalsoaboutthepeoplewhodesigned,used,orotherwiseinteractedwiththekeyboards.Takethebackspacekeyforexample,heexplains,“Ilikethattheconceptofbackspacewasoriginallyjustthat—aspacegoingbackward.Weareusedtoiterasingnow,butforahundredyears,erasingwasitsownincrediblycomplexeffort.YouneededtomasteraCometeraser,orWite-Out,orstrangecorrectiontapes,andpossiblyalloftheabove…orgiveupandstartfromscratchwheneveryoumadeasmallmistakeintyping.”Thedeeperheresearched,themoreobsessivehebecame.Amazedthatnocomprehensivebooksexistedonthehistoryofkeyboards,hedecidedtocreatehisown.WhennotworkingathisdayjobasthedesignleaderforthedesignsoftwarecompanyFigma,hebeganproducingShiftHappens,atwo-volume,1,216hardcoverbook—andraisedover$750,000fortheprojectonKickstarterinMarchof2023.Wicharywasonlyabitsurprisedbythesupportandthekeyboard’swideappeal.Ashepointsout.“It’ssuchacrucialdevicethatoccupiesalotofourwakinglife.”4.Afterthemuseumexperience,Wichary’sinterestintechnology________.A.tookoff B.diedout C.grewstronger D.becamemoreconcrete5.WhatdidWicharydiscoverwhileadmiringthekeyboards?A.Thestoriesbehindthem. B.Thewisdomofhuman.C.Thesecretofthekeyboards. D.Thehistoryoftechnology.6.WhatdoesWicharywanttotellusaboutthebackspacekeyinParagraph4?A.Itisasimplebutpowerfulkey.B.Itcanbeusedtomovebackonespace.C.Itistheresultoflong-termimprovement.D.Itallowspeopletomakemistakeswhentyping.7.WhydidWicharywritehisownbook?A.Tofillagap. B.Togetfamous. C.Tomakemoney. D.Torecordhistory.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，去一家小博物馆的经历让设计师兼排版师MarcinWichary对键盘产生了兴趣，之后他开始制作一本关于键盘历史的全面书籍。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Whenthedesignerandtypographer(排印工)MarcinWicharychanceduponatinymuseumjustoutsideBarcelonafiveyearsago,theexperiencetippedhisinterestinthehistoryoftechnologyintoanobsession(痴迷)withaveryparticularpartofit:thekeyboard.(五年前，当设计师兼排版师MarcinWichary偶然发现巴塞罗那郊外的一家小博物馆时，这段经历让他对技术史的兴趣变成了对其中一个非常特殊的部分的痴迷：键盘)”可知，参观博物馆后，Wichary对技术史的兴趣变成了对技术史中的一个非常特殊的部分（键盘）的痴迷，可知他对技术的兴趣变得更加强烈。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中“He’dhadadiscoverywhilewanderingthroughtheexhibit:Eachkeyonakeyboardhasitsownstories.(他在展览中发现：键盘上的每一个键都有自己的故事)”可知，Wichary在欣赏键盘时发现了键盘背后的故事。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中“Weareusedtoiterasingnow,butforahundredyears,erasingwasitsownincrediblycomplexeffort.YouneededtomasteraCometeraser,orWite-Out,orstrangecorrectiontapes,andpossiblyalloftheabove…orgiveupandstartfromscratchwheneveryoumadeasmallmistakeintyping.(我们现在已经习惯了退格键的擦除，但一百年来，擦除本身就是一项极其复杂的工作。你需要掌握彗星橡皮擦、Wite-Out或奇怪的校正带，可能还有以上所有的东西……或者只要你在打字中犯了一个小错误，就放弃并从头开始)”可知，一百年前擦除本身就是一项极其复杂的工作，而现在人们习惯了退格键的擦除（暗指擦除变得简单了），Wichary想通过这种变化告诉我们退格键是长期改进的结果。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中“Amazedthatnocomprehensivebooksexistedonthehistoryofkeyboards,hedecidedtocreatehisown.(令他惊讶的是，没有一本关于键盘历史的全面书籍，他决定自己创作)”可知，Wichary自己写书是为了填补没有一本关于键盘历史的全面书籍的空白。故选A项。CLastfall,theGreatSaltLakehititslowestlevelsincerecordkeepingbegan.Thelakesanktonearlysixmetersbelowthelong-termaverage.Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.Duckhuntersaren’ttheonlyonesworriedabouttheGreatSaltLake.Thedecades-longdeclineinlakelevelisraisingalarmbellsformillionsofpeoplewholiveintheregion.Thelowlakelevelandincreasingsaltsinthelakewaterthreatentodestroyeconomicmainstayslikeagriculture,tourismandmining.Exposedsaltscanalsoreduceairqualityandsothreatenpublichealth.Salinelakes(咸水湖)areterminallakes.Theyhavenoriversflowingoutofthem.Aswaterdisappears,saltsareleftbehind.Atthesametime,thepeoplewholiveinthesedesertsusefreshwaterforcrops,homesandindustry.Residentsgetwaterfromstreamsandriversintocanals,pipelinesorreservoirsbeforeitreachesthelakes.Andasthelakesshrink,thesaltinwaterincreases.LakePoopo,ahighlandlakeinBoliviathatusedtostretch90kilometerslongand32kilometerswide,isnowasaltymudflat.TheAralSeasharedbyKazakhstanandUzbekistan,oncetheworld’sfourthlargestlake,hasattimesinrecentdecadesshrunktoatenthofitshistoric68,000-square-kilometersurfacearea.Somesalinelakes,likeNevada’sWinnemuccaLake,driedupsolongago—thewatersthatfeditwereledtoagriculturalfields—thatmostpeoplehaveforgottentheywereeverwet.ThegoodnewsisthatpeoplestillhavetimetohalttheGreatSaltLake’sdeclinebyusinglesswater.Cuttingagriculturalandotheroutdoorwaterusebyathirdtohalfthroughacombinationofvoluntaryconservationmeasuresandpolicychangeswouldallowthelaketorefillenoughtosupporttheregion’seconomy,ecologyandqualityoflife.Ifthissucceeds,theGreatSaltLakecanbeamodelforhowtosaveothersalinelakesaroundtheworld.8.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreatSaltLakefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itishometoducks. B.Itwilldisappearsoon.C.Itwillbelessimportant. D.It’sbeenshrinkingforyears.9.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutsalinelakes?A.Theircurrentstates. B.Thechallengestheyface.C.Measurestorestorethem. D.Reasonswhytheybecomesaltier.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halt”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Stop. B.Boost. C.Adapt. D.Learn.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.TheGreatSaltLakeIsGettingSmallerB.TheWorldIsBecomingDrierandDrierC.SalineLakesNeedFreshwaterDeadlyD.ManyLakesintheWorldwillDisappear【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大盐湖水位下降，湖泊萎缩，文章分析了其原因，带来的危害以及可以采取的措施。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.(湖泊的萎缩使生态系统有颠覆的风险，扰乱包括鸭子和鹅在内的1000万只鸟类的迁徙和生存。)”和第二段中“Duckhuntersaren’ttheonlyonesworriedabouttheGreatSaltLake.(猎鸭人不是唯一担心大盐湖的人。)”可知，大盐湖是鸭子的栖息地，故选A。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Salinelakes(咸水湖)areterminallakes.Theyhavenoriversflowingoutofthem.Aswaterdisappears,saltsareleftbehind.Atthesametime,thepeoplewholiveinthesedesertsusefreshwaterforcrops,homesandindustry.Residentsgetwaterfromstreamsandriversintocanals,pipelinesorreservoirsbeforeitreachesthelakes.Andasthelakesshrink,thesaltinwaterincreases.(咸水湖是末端湖泊。它们没有河流流出。水消失后，留下了盐分。与此同时，生活在这些沙漠中的人们利用淡水种植庄稼、建造房屋和进行工业生产。当地居民从溪流和河流中取水，在水到达湖泊之前，就输送到运河、管道或水库中。随着湖泊的缩小，水中的盐分也随之增加。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了咸水湖有更多盐分的原因，故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。跟计划划线单词下文“Cuttingagriculturalandotheroutdoorwaterusebyathirdtohalfthroughacombinationofvoluntaryconservationmeasuresandpolicychangeswouldallowthelaketorefillenoughtosupporttheregion’seconomy,ecologyandqualityoflife.Ifthissucceeds,theGreatSaltLakecanbeamodelforhowtosaveothersalinelakesaroundtheworld.(通过自愿保护措施和政策变化相结合，将农业和其他户外用水减少三分之一到一半，将使该湖能够重新充满水，足以支持该地区的经济、生态和生活质量。如果成功，大盐湖可以成为如何拯救世界其他盐湖的典范。)”可知，人们可以通过一些措施来拯救大盐湖，即阻止大盐湖的衰退，由此可推知，划线单词意为“阻止”，故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Lastfall,theGreatSaltLakehititslowestlevelsincerecordkeepingbegan.Thelakesanktonearlysixmetersbelowthelong-termaverage.Thelake’sshrinkingthreatenstoupendtheecosystem,disturbingthemigrationandsurvivalof10millionbirds,includingducksandgeese.(去年秋天，大盐湖达到了有记录以来的最低水平。该湖水位下降到比长期平均水位低近6米。湖泊的萎缩使生态系统有颠覆的风险，扰乱包括鸭子和鹅在内的1000万只鸟类的迁徙和生存。)”可知，文章主要介绍了大盐湖湖水位下降，湖泊萎缩，文章分析了其原因，带来的危害以及可以采取的措施，由此可知，A项“大盐湖在变小”适合做文章标题，故选A。

DEveryyear,paintedladybutterflies(小红蛱蝶)borninEuropeheadsouthonalongjourneytoAfrica.Butpinpointingexactlywherepaintedladybutterfliesoverwinterandbreed(繁殖)wasthelastunknownpieceoftheirroughly15,000-kilometermigration.ScientistsknewthatthepaintedladieswenttoAfrica,butwhereonthecontinenttheywaitedoutEuropeanwintersfromDecembertoFebruarywasamystery.Researchershadpredictedthatsubtropicalregionsclosetotheequatormightprovidesuitablehabitat.Toknowforsure,theresearchersneededtofindbutterfliesinthefield.Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Another15sitesweremonitoredallyearroundforabouttwoyears.Intotal,theteamlookedforadultsandtheiryounginninecountries,includingBenin,Cameroon,andKenya.Theresearchersfoundmorethan2,700caterpillars(毛虫)andnearly2,000adultbutterflies,fromasfarwestasCoted’IvoireandallthewayeasttoKenyaandEthiopia.FromSeptembertoNovember,thebutterfliesoccupythetropicalgrasslands.Asthoseareasdryup,thepaintedladiesshiftsouthtoslightlydampregionsfromDecembertoFebruary.CentralAfrica’stropicalrainforestsstopthebutterfliesfromgoinganyfarthersouth.Threetofivegenerationsmightbeborninsub-SaharanAfricabeforeanysurvivingadultsheadnorthinFebruary.Knowingwherepaintedladybutterfliesbreedcouldhelpresearchersunderstandwhythereareoccasionalpopulationboomswith100timesasmanybutterfliesinsomeyearsasothers.In2021,researcherslinkedthephenomenontorainsinsub-SaharanAfrica—perhapsgivingbutterfliesmoreplantstostopandlayeggson.ButthepartofWestAfricaidentifiedinthatstudyisdifferentfromthenewlyidentifiedbreedinggrounds.Now,scientistscanconfirmthelinkbylookingatrainfallandotherconditionswherebabybutterfliesarefoundgrowingup.Butthenextmysteryresearchershopetosolveiswhypaintedladybutterfliesmakesuchalongjourneyatall12.Howdotheresearchersconfirmthepaintedladies’winteringlocation?A.Bycomparingtheirhabitats.B.Byspottingtheminthefield.C.Bydoingexperimentswiththem.D.Bytrackingthemontheirmigration.13.WheredopaintedladybutterfliesstayduringDecemberandJanuary?A.IntheEurope. B.SouthofAfrica. C.SouthtoSahara. D.Intherainforest.14.Whatmightcausethepopulationexplosionsofthepaintedladybutterflies?A.Rains. B.Foods. C.Droughts. D.Temperatures.15.Whydoscientistsresearchintopaintedladybutterflies?A.Toprotectthem. B.Tomakeuseofthem.C.Toknowabouttheirhabits. D.Toknowhowtheyrelatetoclimate.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对小红蛱蝶习性的研究。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ScientistsknewthatthepaintedladieswenttoAfrica,butwhereonthecontinenttheywaitedoutEuropeanwintersfromDecembertoFebruarywasamystery.(科学家们知道这些小红蛱蝶去了非洲，但他们在非洲大陆的哪个地方等待欧洲冬天从12月到2月的结束，这是一个谜。)”和第二段中“Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.(从2017年底到2020年初，研究人员在12月和1月期间在撒哈拉以南非洲的各种地点进行了实地调查。)”可知，研究人员通过追踪小红蛱蝶的迁徙来确定它们的越冬地点。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fromlate2017throughearly2020,researchersconductedfieldworkatawidevarietyofsitesacrosssub-SaharanAfricaduringthemonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Another15sitesweremonitoredallyearroundforabouttwoyears.Intotal,theteamlookedforadultsandtheiryounginninecountries,includingBenin,Cameroon,andKenya.(从2017年底到2020年初，研究人员在12月和1月期间在撒哈拉以南非洲的各种地点进行了实地调查。另外15个地点全年监测了大约两年。研究小组总共在贝宁、喀麦隆和肯尼亚等9个国家寻找成年蝴蝶和他们的幼虫。)”可知，在十二月和一月，小红蛱蝶呆在撒哈拉以南。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Knowingwherepaintedladybutterfliesbreedcouldhelpresearchersunderstandwhythereareoccasionalpopulationboomswith100timesasmanybutterfliesinsomeyearsasothers.In2021,researcherslinkedthephenomenontorainsinsub-SaharanAfrica—perhapsgivingbutterfliesmoreplantstostopandlayeggson.(了解小红蛱蝶在哪里繁殖可以帮助研究人员理解为什么在某些年份偶尔会有100倍于其他年份的蝴蝶数量激增。2021年，研究人员将这种现象与撒哈拉以南非洲地区的降雨联系起来——也许这让蝴蝶有更多的植物停下来产卵。)”可知，降雨可能导致小红蛱蝶数量激增。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Everyyear,paintedladybutterflies(小红蛱蝶)borninEuropeheadsouthonalongjourneytoAfrica.(每年，出生在欧洲的小红蛱蝶都会南下，踏上前往非洲的漫长旅程。)”和最后一段中“Butthenextmysteryresearchershopetosolveiswhypaintedladybutterfliesmakesuchalongjourneyatall.(但研究人员希望解决的下一个谜团是，为什么小红蛱蝶会进行如此漫长的旅行。)”可知，科学家要研究小红蛱蝶是为了了解它们的习惯。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。There’snoneedtobeashamedaboutdozingoffinclass.Itisactuallyanaturalphenomenon.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplecanonlystaycompletelyfocusedonsomethingforamaximumof10minutes.____16____Dozingoffduringanimportantactivityoreventonaregularbasiscandevelopintoahabitthatyoumightcarryintootherareasofyourlife.Scientistshavefoundthatavoidingovereatingbeforeclassisoneofthemosteffectivewaystobeatclasssleepiness.Mostpeoplehaveexperienced“foodcoma(昏迷)”aftereatingalargemeal.Eatingtoomuchresultsinafeelingofheavinessthatusesupyourenergy.Thishappensbecausethebodyreleaseschemicalsthatsignaldrowsinessaftereating.____17____Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)releasemoreserotonin(血清素)fromthebrain,whichmakesyoufeelgood.____18____Basically,notallfoodshavethesameimpactonyourbody.Whilesomefoodscanincreaseyourenergy,otherscanmakeyousleepy.Also,taskingyourbodywithdigestingalargemealisexhausting.Eatinglargeportions—especiallyofunhealthyfoods—willleaveyourbodywithlittleenergytouseelsewhere.____19____Thisgivesyourbodytheopportunitytodigestsmalleramountsoffoodatatime,leavingyoufeelingenergizedinsteadoftiredafteryourmeals.Also,avoidheavyfoodsandchoosehealthy,balancedmealsinstead.____20____Anexampleofawell-roundedbreakfasttohavebeforeclasswouldbeaglassofmilk,aneggandasaladcontainingatleastthreevegetables.A.Finally,ithelpsdeliveroxygentoyourvitalorgans.B.However,toomuchserotonincanleadtodrowsiness.C.Unfortunately,mostclasseslastlongerthan10minutes.D.Fallingasleepinclasscancausepooracademicperformance.E.Ahealthymealshouldincludefruit,vegetablesandhealthyfats.F.Thisisparticularlytrueifyoueatamealthatishighincarbohydrates.G.Itisrecommendedthatyoukeepastablelevelofenergybyeatingsmallermeals.【答案】16.C17.D18.F19.G20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章分析了课上打瞌睡的原因并给出了解决这一问题的建议。【16题详解】空格前的句子“Studieshaveshownthatpeoplecanonlystaycompletelyfocusedonsomethingforamaximumof10minutes.（研究表明，人们完全专注于某件事的时间最多只能是10分钟）”是说人们完全专注于某件事的时间最多只能是10分钟。而C项“Unfortunately,mostclasseslastlongerthan10minutes.（不幸的是，大多数课程持续时间超过10分钟）”提到“大多数课程持续时间超过10分钟”。所以，C项和上文是顺接关系。故选C项。【17题详解】空格前的句子“Eatingtoomuchresultsinafeelingofheavinessthatusesupyourenergy.Thishappensbecausethebodyreleaseschemicalsthatsignaldrowsinessaftereating.（吃得太多会让你感到沉重，耗尽你的能量。这是因为进食后身体会释放出一些化学物质，发出困倦的信号）”提到吃得太多会耗尽你的能量，让你困倦，这当然会影响你的学习，所以D项“Fallingasleepinclasscancausepooracademicperformance.（上课睡觉会导致学习成绩不佳）”和上文是因果关系，所以D项填入空格处符合题意。故选D项。【18题详解】空格前的句子“Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)releasemoreserotonin(血清素)fromthebrain,whichmakesyoufeelgood.（碳水化合物从大脑中释放更多的血清素，这让你感觉良好）”提到碳水化合物的作用，它从大脑中释放更多的血清素让你感觉良好；F项“Thisisparticularlytrueifyoueatamealthatishighincarbohydrates.（如果你吃了一顿碳水化合物含量高的饭，情况尤其如此）”中的“情况尤其如此”指的是上一句中的“让你感觉良好”，所以F项和上一句是顺接关系。故选F项。【19题详解】由空格后的句子“Thisgivesyourbodytheopportunitytodigestsmalleramountsoffoodatatime,leavingyoufeelingenergizedinsteadoftiredafteryourmeals.（这让你的身体有机会一次消化少量的食物，让你在饭后感到精力充沛而不是疲惫）”可知，空格处的句子应该提到“少量食物”，所以G项“Itisrecommendedthatyoukeepastablelevelofenergybyeatingsmallermeals.（建议你通过少吃多餐来保持稳定的能量水平）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选G项。【20题详解】空格前的句子“Also,avoidheavyfoodsandchoosehealthy,balancedmealsinstead.（同时，避免吃油腻的食物，选择健康、均衡的膳食）”提到“健康、均衡的膳食”，所以空格处的句子应该进一步说明什么样的饮食是健康、均衡饮食。所以E项“Ahealthymealshouldincludefruit,vegetablesandhealthyfats.（健康的一餐应该包括水果、蔬菜和健康的脂肪）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Jacqueline’sdreamofbeingaworld-classrunnerbeganwhenshewasachildinKenya.Shesoonrealizedshehadto____21____full-timetoimproveherperformance,whichmeantnotbeingabletoworktohelpsupportherfamily.Butshewas____22____thatthetrainingwouldmakeherperfectandshecouldbringhomeprizemoney.JacquelinetraveledtoChinato____23____intheZheng-kaimarathonknowingshehadagoodshotat____24____therace,butmoreimportantly,the$10,000prizethatwentwithit.Shewasleadingthewomen’s____25____whenamalerunner____26____thewaterstationatthe20-kilometermark.Themanwasrunningatagoodpacebuthadtrouble____27____waterbecauseabirthdefect(缺陷)hadlefthimwithouthands.He____28____todrinkfromtheslipperyplasticbottles.Butanyassistancefromfansorraceofficialswouldresultinhis____29____.Jacquelinenoticedthemanand_____30_____knewthatheneededhelp.She_____31_____awaterbottleandhelpedhimgetthefluidhisbodyneededto_____32_____therace.Thensheranathis_____33_____withthebottleandhelpedhimsip(小口喝)whiletheystrodealong.Jacquelinemissedoutonfirstplace,butshe_____34_____withsomethingmoreimportant:herhumanity.Whenaskedaboutthebigger_____35_____,shesaidthatmoneyisn’teverything.21.A.perform B.race C.conduct D.train22.A.worried B.confident C.proud D.energetic23.A.compete B.struggle C.serve D.adjust24.A.taking B.losing C.winning D.completing25.A.division B.movement C.research D.education26.A.jumpedinto B.leftfor C.escapedfrom D.arrivedat27.A.finding B.drinking C.carrying D.pouring28.A.planned B.hated C.struggled D.allowed29.A.imbalance B.unemployment C.disability D.disqualification30.A.eventually B.gradually C.immediately D.occasionally31.A.spotted B.grabbed C.emptied D.packed32.A.complete B.win C.enjoy D.start33.A.pace B.position C.command D.best34.A.connected B.helped C.finished D.met35.A.event B.prize C.dream D.failure【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.B32.A33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马拉松选手Jacqueline在中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛时因帮助一位残疾男选手取水耽误了比赛只得到了第二名的成绩，但是她并不觉得遗憾，因为她的行动体现了人性的光辉的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很快意识到，为了提高自己的表现，她必须接受全职训练，这意味着她无法工作来养家糊口。A.perform表现；B.race比赛；C.conduct行为；D.train训练。根据该句中的“toimproveherperformance”提高自己的表现，以及下文“thetraining”意味着她无法工作来养家糊口。可推知，此处为Jacqueline意识到为了提高自己的表现，她必须接受全职训练。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她有信心，训练会让她变得完美，她可以把奖金带回家。A.worried担心的；B.confident自信的；C.proud自豪的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据下文“thatthetrainingwouldmakeherperfectandshecouldbringhomeprizemoney.”训练会让她变得完美，她可以把奖金带回家。可知，此处应表示Jacqueline是很有信心的。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛，她知道自己很有可能赢得比赛，但更重要的是，她知道自己有机会获得1万美元的奖金。A.compete参加比赛；B.struggle斗争；C.serve服务；D.adjust调整。根据句意以及该句中的“intheZheng-kaimarathon”可知，此处为Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛。competein“参加比赛”。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛，她知道自己很有可能赢得比赛，但更重要的是，她知道自己有机会获得1万美元的奖金。A.taking带走；B.losing失去；C.winning赢得；D.completing完成。根据下文“butmoreimportantly,the$10,000prizethatwentwithit.”有机会获得1万美元的奖金，可知，此处应表示Jacqueline知道自己很有可能赢得比赛。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站时，她正在领跑女子组。A.division组；B.movement移动；C.research研究；D.education教育。根据句意以及该句中的“Shewasleadingthewomen’s”可知，此处应表示Jacqueline正在领跑女子组。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站时，她正在领跑女子组。A.jumpedinto跳入；B.leftfor前往某个地方；C.escapedfrom从……逃脱；D.arrivedat到达。根据该句中的“thewaterstationatthe20-kilometermark.”以及下文“buthadtrouble____7____water”男子喝水有困难，由此可知，此处应表示这名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站。故选D项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个人跑得很快，但是喝水有困难，因为先天缺陷使他没有手。A.finding发现；B.drinking喝；C.carrying携带；D.pouring倒。根据下文“andhelpedhimsip(小口喝)”以及该句中的“becauseabirthdefect(缺陷)hadlefthimwithouthands.”可推知，这名男子喝水有困难。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他努力着从光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。A.planned计划；B.hated讨厌；C.struggled努力；D.allowed允许。根据上文提到的男子因为先天缺陷没有手，以及该句中的“fromtheslipperyplasticbottles.”可推知，此处应表示男子努力着从光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但粉丝或赛事官员的任何帮助都将导致他被取消资格。A.imbalance失衡；B.unempl