高考人教版英语一轮课件必修5Unit1Greatscientists

[单元主题语境]

人与社会之对社会有突出贡献的人物(2019·高考天津卷)

话题：生态系统词数：402难度：★★★★Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work？Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare？Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves？Tofindananswer，scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies，theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare，theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s，scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop­downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean，wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale，whileonland，wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly­warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey，scientistssay，becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点)，itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家通过建立一个数学模型找到了管理食物网的几个主要原则。46．Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A．Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B．Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C．Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D．Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.”中的principles与选项B中的rules相对应，故选B。答案：B47．Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator________________.A．hasawidefoodchoice

B．caneasilyfindnewpreyC．stickstoonepreyspecies D．canquicklymovetoanotherplace解析：细节理解题。注意本题中涉及的是astronglink。根据第二段第三句“Whenapredatoralwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked...”可知，当掠食动物总是吃掉大量的单一猎物时，这两种动物是紧密联系在一起的，故选C。答案：C48．Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A．Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B．Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C．Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D．Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的smallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems以及其后举的例子可知，位于食物网顶端的掠食动物对其他物种的数量有着惊人的控制，即使是无直接联系的物种，故答案为D“其他物种的数量会发生意想不到的变化”。答案：D49．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinparagraph4?A．Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B．Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C．Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D．Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句“Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop­downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.(未经计划的人类活动证明了顶端掠食动物自上而下控制的观点是正确的)”是这一段的主题句，下面的例子是为了证明它的，根据本段最后一句“这些行为已经大大影响了生态平衡”可知，人为的不受控制的行为会扰乱生态平衡，故答案为A。答案：A50．Howdoesanearly­warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A．Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B．Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C．Bybringingthebroken­downecosystemsbacktonormal.D．Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.解析：推理判断题。由题干中的anearly­warningsystem定位到文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中的preventioniskey可知，预防系统提前发出信号以让人们采取措施防止生态系统被破坏。答案：D一、语言能力熟词生义/词类活用1．notevt.________2．keyadj.__________3．switchn．________4．drivev．________5．fishv．________6．pushv．________记录关键的转换迫使打捞促使二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——通过“举例处”解推理判断题阅读理解中的举例处是命题人命制试题时特别钟爱的地方，因此应该引起我们的高度重视。这些例子往往与作者的观点和结论有很大的关联，具有重要作用，因此也成为常见的命题点。这类题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词语：forexample，forinstance，take...asanexample，as，suchas，like等。举例子的作用通常有三个：第一，证明论点：通常论点在前，例证在后。第二，引出话题或结论：一般例子在前，话题和结论在后。第三，通过举例对比突出强调事物的某一方面。例如第49题便是用例子进行命题的。第四段例子旨在阐明，人类的没有计划的活动会在很大程度上影响生态系统的平衡。故选A。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare，theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.[分析]if引导的____________从句中有一个________从句thatiseasiertofind，并且还有一个____________从句whenapreyspeciesbecomesrare。[翻译]____________________________________________________________________________________________条件状语定语时间状语当猎物稀缺时，如果掠食动物会转向更容易找到的另一种物种，那么这种转变会使最初的那种猎物恢复。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为我们应该怎样为保护生态做出贡献？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________保护生态环境，我们应该从一点一滴的小事做起，从一丝一毫的贡献开始。例如，我们可以参加植树造林。因为森林具有维护地球生命、改善人类生存空间的生态价值。还可以参加环保义务宣传活动，制止破坏环境的行为。NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．________________adeal达成协议2．____________aplan拒绝方案3．____________money捐钱concluderejectcontribute4．____________theenemy打败敌人5．____________ameeting出席会议6．____________metoart使我接触艺术7．____________information吸收信息8．______________thefuture预见未来9．______________therivers污染河流10．______________himtobeill猜想他病了defeatattendexposeabsorbforeseepollutesuspect11．a________________driver一位谨慎的司机12．a________________attitude乐观的态度13．an____________onforeignaffairs外交专家14．an_______________welcome热烈欢迎15．a________forcolds治感冒的办法16．anexciting__________________令人激动的挑战17．bearthe__________承担责任18．abroom____________扫帚把cautiouspositiveexpertenthusiasticcurechallengeblamehandle[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Markisa________________(caution)shopperwhoalwaysdoessomecarefulresearchonthemarketbeforehebuyssomethingvaluable.2．Thewriterpersonally______________________￡5,000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhis__________________________weregratefullyreceived.(contribute)cautiouscontributedcontributions3．Mary__________________toherteammatesthatshewastomarryaChineseboy.The________________oftheirmarriagewouldappearinthelocalnewspaperthenextweek.(announce)4．Thegreatbridgeunder________________________isdesignedbyChineseengineersanditwilltakeaboutayearto__________________thelargebridge.(construct)5．IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanew__________.LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm，andIfounditvery____________.(challenge)announcedannouncementconstructionconstructchallengechallenging6．Intheclass，ourteacheroften__________________ustoimproveourreadingabilityandhis______________________makesadifferencetoourEnglishlearning.(instruct)7．Itwas__________________thathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Icametothe____________________thathelied.(conclude)instructsinstructionconcludedconclusion02阅读单词…………标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□characteristic

□radium

□analyse□physician□outbreak□clue□germ□chart□enquiry□neighbourhood□pump□firework□chart□infectiousNO.2短语——在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累

[必会短语]请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1．____________________讲得通；有意义2．______________________应受谴责/责备3．_____________________结束4．__________________theinjured照顾伤者5．______________badresults导致坏的结果6．__________________thematter调查那件事makesensebetoblamecometoanendattendtoleadtolookinto7．____________someone____danger使某人暴露于危险中8．________theisland____theland把该岛与陆地连起来9．____________________spellingmistakes除了拼写错误10．______________________aplan提出一项计划exposetolinktoapartfromputforward[词汇积累]1．表示“观点；态度”的高频形容词①positive积极的②negative消极的③subjective主观的④objective客观的⑤doubtful怀疑的⑥critical批评的2．名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦①handlen．把手→vt.处理②nursen．护士→vt.护理③facen．脸→vt.面对④bridgen．桥→vt.沟通⑤drinkn．饮料→vt.喝；饮3．“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达①attendto/on/uponsb.②careforsb.③takecareofsb.④lookaftersb.⑤showconsiderationforsb.⑥seeaftersb.NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1．neither...nor...既不……也不……我最喜欢秋天，因为那时既不太热也不太冷。Ilikeautumnbestasit's__________________________________then.neithertoohotnortoocold2．everytime引导时间状语从句每当我在英语学习上遇到困难时，我的英语老师是我首先要求助的人。______________________________________________________________myEnglishteacheristheonethatIwillturntofirst.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)3．suggest(建议)

后跟从句用虚拟语气如果你有空，我强烈建议你在网上学英语。Shouldyoubeavailable,Istrongly________________________________________________.EverytimeIhavedifficultywithmyEnglishstudysuggestyou(should)learnEnglishontheInternet4．“only＋状语”位于句首时主句须部分倒装只有我们尽全力去争取，我们才能为我们的学校赢得荣誉。Onlyifwemakeeveryefforttostriveforit，______________________________________________________.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)canwewinthehonorforourschool1．concludevt.&vi.

推断出；结束；达成；缔结[写作佳句]It'ssafetoconcludethatitisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichbenefitsdailycommunication.可以得出的结论是，把一些有利于日常交际的英语包括在内是合情合理的。(2)conclusionn．结论；结束cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Heconcludedhisspeech________afamoussaying，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”②I'vecometothe____________________(conclude)thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.③____conclusion,IbelievethatyoucanbenefitalotfromtheEnglishclassontheInternet.withconclusionIn能力提升——一句多译我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。④I_______________________________________________________afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclusion)⑤I____________________________________________afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclude)[实战贴士]

表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：inshort，inbrief，inaword，allinall，tosumup，briefly(speaking)，onthewhole等。drew/reached/cametoaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthat2．attendvt.

出席；参加；照顾；护理

vi.专心；留意[文化金句]Shewaspraisedforhavingattendedon/uponhersickmother­in­lawforoverthirtyyears.她因伺候生病的婆婆三十多年而受到人们的称赞。[归纳拓展]attendschool/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜attendtosb./sth.专心，留意，倾听某人/某事；处理，对付；关怀attendon/uponsb.照料/服侍某人

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay，wewereinvited__________(attend)aprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，______________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)②Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollege__________________(attend)．(2019·高考北京卷)③Thepersoninchargeoftheworkshouldattend____thismatterimmediately.toattendlisteningtoattendto能力提升——补全句子/句式升级④I'mgreatlyhonoredtoinviteyou_______________________________(参加一个音乐节)．ItwillbeheldinourschoolhallonJune5at2：00p．m.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)→I'mgreatlyhonoredtoinviteyou__________________________________inourschoolhallonJune5at2：00p．m.toattendamusicfestivaltoattendamusicfestivaltobeheld3．exposevt.

暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临[写作佳句]Ifexposedtotheoutsidesurroundings，they'llbestrongerandbetterpreparedfortheirfuture.如果暴露于外部的环境，他们将变得更加强壮并能为未来做好准备。[归纳拓展](1)expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……接触……exposeoneselfto...使自己面临……；使自己暴露于……(2)beexposedto遭受到；(使)接触到

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrento______________(play)computergames.②________________(expose)tostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.③Themorebirds______________________(expose)tolight，themoreactivetheyareatnight.playingBeingexposedareexposed能力提升——句式升级④Whenchildrenareexposedtodifficultsituations，theyarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.→_________________________________________________________，childrenarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.(分词作状语)[实战贴士]

及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose...to...以及beexposedto结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Exposedtodifficultsituations4．challengen.

挑战

vt.

向……挑战[写作佳句]Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.我迅速俯下身子，低下头，避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会感到受到了挑战。[归纳拓展](1)challengesb.tosth.向某人挑战某事challengesb.todosth.向某人挑战做某事(2)challengingadj.具有挑战性的challengedadj.受到挑战的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwanttochallengehim____agameofbasketball.②Teachingyoungchildrenisa______________________(challenge)andrewardingjob.能力提升——翻译句子③至于我，我对跑步感兴趣，因为它给了我力量去面对生活中的挑战。___________________________________________________________________________________________________tochallengingAsforme，I'minterestedinrunningsinceithasbeengivingmestrengthtofacethechallengesinmylife.④在即将到来的三年里，我们的学校生活将具有挑战性。____________________________________________________________Inthecomingthreeyears，ourschoollifewillbechallenging.5．absorbvt.

吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握[写作佳句]Inaddition，sittingonthegrassandenjoyingthetastyfoodanddrinksprovidedbysponsors，wewillbefullyabsorbedintheattractiveandfascinatingperformances.(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)此外，坐在草地上，享受赞助商提供的美味佳肴和饮料，我们将全神贯注于精彩绝伦的表演。[归纳拓展](1)absorboneselfin专心于；全神贯注于o...把……吸收进……absorb...from...从……中吸收……(2)absorbedadj.聚精会神的；专心致志的；极感兴趣的beabsorbedin全神贯注于[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Thesurroundingsmalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.____________②Afterabsorbingenoughwater，theplantsgrowwell.____③Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausethestudentscan'tabsorbthatmuch.____吞并，使并入吸收理解能力提升——一句多译汤姆如此专心于工作以至于忘记了通知她这件事。④Tom_________________________________thatheforgottoinformherofit.⑤______________________________________thatheforgottoinformherofit.(so...that...引导的倒装句)⑥__________________________________，Tomforgottoinformherofit.(过去分词短语作状语)wassoabsorbedinhisworkSoabsorbedwasTominhisworkAbsorbedinhiswork[实战贴士]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用absorbedin...。类似的结构还有：belostin，becaught/trappedin，beburiedin，beinvolvedin，beoccupiedin等。6．blamevt.

责备；谴责；把……归咎于

n.

过失；责备[写作佳句]Therefore，Ibelieveweshoulddoourbesttocontributetoanexcellentclassroomatmospheretoabsorbtheknowledge.Besides，weshouldn'tblameallourfailureonothers.因此，我觉得我们学生应该尽力营造一个舒适的课堂环境来吸收知识。此外，我们不应把失败完全归咎于别人。[归纳拓展](1)blamesb.forsth./doingsth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for)应(为……)承担责任/受责备(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人taketheblame(for)应(为……)承担责任/受责备[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①It'sunwiseforustoblametheincreaseofratings____highconsumption.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas________________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.③Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andputtheblame____thealarmclock.ontoblameon能力提升——一句多译因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。④Alicewasinlowspirits_______________________________________thebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.(状语从句)⑤____________________thebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)[实战贴士]betoblame短语中blame不能用其被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。becauseshewasblamedforBlamedfor7．contributevt.&vi.

捐献；贡献；捐助[文化金句]Thecompass，paper，gunpowder，andtheartofprintingarecalledthefourgreatinventionsthatChinacontributedtotheworld.指南针、造纸术、火药和印刷术被称为“四大发明”，是中国对世界做出的贡献。[归纳拓展](1)contribute...to...把……捐献给……contributeto有助于；导致；投稿(2)contributionn．捐献；贡献；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad，Jiangsuwillcontributemore____theBeltandRoadconstruction.②Your________________________(contribute)willcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.③Inconclusion，everyoneshouldmakecontributionsto______________(protect)theenvironment.tocontributionprotecting能力提升——完成语段④Manypeople__________________________thepoorboy，which_________________________________________.Awriterwroteastoryaboutthisand________________________________.许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，这有助于他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。contributedmoneytocontributedtohisreturningtoschoolcontributedittoanewspaper8．putforward

提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨[写作佳句]Beforewecarriedouttheplan，variousideaswere/hadbeenputforwardbymyclassmates.在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了各种不同的想法。[归纳拓展]putaside放在一边；忽视；不理睬；节省；储蓄；储存；留出putaway放好putoff延期；推迟putup举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿putthrough接通电话；完成[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetteroneisputforward，we'llmakedowithit.____②Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.__________③Shewasputforwardasanadvancedworker.____提出将……提前推荐能力提升——选用put的短语填空④Asfortheproblemyou________________inyourlastletter，IthinkitisawisechoiceforyoutoexploretheChineseculturebyyourself.⑤Encouragechildrento______________someoftheirpocketmoneytobuyNewYear'spresents.⑥Itwasbecauseofthebadweatherthatthefootballmatchwas______________.putforwardputasideputoff9．makesense

有意义；有道理；讲得通[写作佳句]See，yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain！Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.看，你的电脑又发生故障了。只是为了省一点钱而买最便宜牌子的电脑没意义。[归纳拓展](1)makesenseof理解；明白makenosense没道理；没意义(2)inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说innosense决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)(3)thereisno/littlesenseindoingsth.做某事没道理

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Itdoesn'tmakesense____________(buy)thatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.②____nosenseshouldyouloseheart；keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.tobuyIn能力提升——词汇升级③TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlyunderstandthematall.→TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardly__________________________thematall.makesenseof10．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”[教材原句]

Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。[归纳拓展](1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近一致”原则。(2)遵循“就近一致”原则的其他并列连词：either...or...不是……就是……；或者……或者……notonly...butalso...不但……而且……not...but...不是……而是……

[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Neithershouldweembraceonlinevotingaimlessly______canwedenyitcompletely.②NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister，Mary，__________(take)greatinterestinthepianolessonsnow.③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents____(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.nortakesis能力提升——句型转换④Theteacherisnotcontentwiththeresult.Thestudentsarenotcontentwiththeresult.→________________________________________________________11．everytime

引导时间状语从句[教材原句]Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。Neithertheteachernorthestudentsarecontentwiththeresult.[归纳拓展](1)everytime是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有：anytime任何时候nexttime下次……时thelasttime最后一次the＋序数词＋time第……次(3)the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant/second)一……就……on/upondoingsth.一……就……[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①On________________(arrive)home，hesetouttodohishomework.能力提升——补全句子②____________________________________________________(每当他到家时)attheendoftheday，we'dgreethimatthedoor.③___________________________________(他第一次来到那个城市时)，hedecidedtosettlethere.④Youarewelcometocomeback______________________(你什么时候想回来)．arrivingEverytimehearrivedhomeThefirsttimehecametothecityanytimeyouwantto[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2020·高考天津卷)Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsocietyfallingvictimtocheaters..②(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon­nativespecies(物种)．It'sdestroyingtheenvironment..n.牺牲品vt.对付③(2016·高考全国卷)However，whensomethingdidinterestme，Icouldbecomeabsorbed..④(2015·高考天津卷)Theauthor'smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinordertohelpcurehimofhisreadingproblem..⑤(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort..adj.专心致志的vt.矫正v.抽；汲取2．一词多义①(2017·高考浙江卷)Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten，eight，andsix—hadpickeditup，butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.__A．vt.怀疑；猜疑(是)

B．vt.怀疑……有罪C．n.犯罪嫌疑人②(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.__A．柄；把手 B．处理C．操纵AB③(北京卷)Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead，theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.__A．吸收 B．理解C．吸引AⅡ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectof_____________(science)research.②(2020·高考天津卷)ThisledJonestothe______________(conclude)thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity,whoareeasytargetsofcheating.③(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)In__________________(analyze)hisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion.scientificconclusionanalyzing④(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thesekidsareso________________(absorb)intheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.⑤(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Turntoanonline____________________(instruct)forhelp.absorbedinstructor2．完形填空①(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo，”whoserealnamecannotbeexposedtothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws，finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”____________bytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.A．attended

B．reservedC．cancelled D．run43解析：此处指像往常一样，他在“afterworkauction”旁边停下来，“afterworkauction”是由意大利警方举办的。attend“参加，照顾”；reserve“保留，预订”；cancel“取消”；run“经营，管理，跑”。答案：D②(2019·高考江苏卷)Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe____________，moreeffortsmustbemade，becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthedecline，andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.A．defeated B．gratefulC．a