Unit+3+Careers+and+skills单元培优练习题 高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit3Careersandskills单元培优练习题Ⅰ.阅读理解AIntheAugustsun,it'sunbearablyhotinmycar.I'minVancouver,approachingtheKnightStreetBridgeasItrytogethomeafterwork.It's5:15pm.Trafficisalreadyslowingdownandthenitcomestoafullstop.I'mstuckevenbeforegettingonthebridge.Thishasbecomemynormalworkcommuteroutine.Aheadofmeisaheavilyjammedon-ramp(匝道).Istareattheendlessrowsofvehicles,depressed.AtfirstIthinkthisisnothowitlooks.Thetrafficwillsoonstartmoving.Secondspass.Minutespass.Lookingattherowsofcarsandtrucksglittering(闪光)inthesun,Istartcounting—299,300,301—andIgiveup.SuddenlyIrememberI'moneofthe300helplessdrivers.ButIstayalert.Whenthecarsdomove,Imovecarefully,makingsurenottobumpintoothervehicles.Finally,Imakeitontothebridge.Thetrafficisstillcrawlingatasnail'space.Tiredandhungry,Ibecomeveryanxious.Justthen,Ihearaweaksoundinthedistance.Thesoundgraduallybecomeslouder,untilIcanidentifyitasanambulanceapproachingfrombehind.Whatdowedo?Thebridgeispacked.There'snoroomforustomove.ButI'mwrong.Everysinglecarquickly,yetcarefully,movestotheside.Withoutthinking,Ifollowsuit.Thelaneremainsopenforafewsecondsduringwhichtheambulanceflashesthrough.Afterward,everycarmovesback.Wecloseuptheemergencylane,readytocontinueourpatientwait.Backinmyspot,I'mawestruck.Iforgetmytirednessandhunger.Myanxietyisgone.Istartreflectinguponwhat300fellowdriversandIjustdid.Howdidwedothat?Despiteourexhaustion,wecollectivelydecidedtohelpthestrangerwhoneededthetimemoredesperatelythanwedid.Wedrewonoursympathyandintelligence,requiringnodirectives.AlthoughImayseemalonestuckonthebridge,I'mconnectedtoalltheotherdrivers.Togetherwecouldmaketheimpossiblepossible.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenseeingtheon-ramp?A.Annoyed.B.Discouraged.C.CalmD.Shocked.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkwhenknowinganambulanceisapproaching?A.Itwillbehardforittopassthrough.B.Someoneshoulddirectthetraffic.C.Alldriverswillbewillingtomove.D.Whoeverisinsideneedsimmediatehelp.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“awestruck”inParagraph7mostprobablymean?A.Anxious.B.Amazed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkmadethemiraclehappen?A.Thedrivers'gooddrivingskills.B.Instructionsfromastranger.C.People'skindness.D.Theambulance'srescue.BGeneticinformationisimportantbecauseitstores,processesandtransmitsbiologicaldatafromgenerationtogeneration.Somescientistsevenassumethatknowinggeneticinformationitselfmatters.Forexample,inquantummechanics(量子力学),thereisapopulartheoryknownasthe“observereffect”,whichstatesthattheactofobservingaphenomenon(usuallybymakingsomekindofmeasurement)necessarilychangesthatphenomenon.Inotherwords,justbybeingthereandhavinganinterestintheoutcome,weaffectthatoutcome.Whiletheexplanationsbehindtheobserver'sinfluenceinquantummechanicscomedowntothemeasuringinstrumentandnottheobserver'sconsciousmind,wealsoseestrongevidenceforthe“placeboeffect”inmedicine:Apatient'sconditioncanimproveiftheyjustbelievetheyarereceivinganeffectivetreatment.Andthosebeneficialeffectscanhappenevenifthepatientisnotactuallyreceivingthattreatmentorifthetreatmentdoesn'tactuallywork.Ifourmindstrulydohavepoweroveroursurroundingsandourbodies,whatdoeshavingthegeneticinformationdotous?Doessimplyknowingmoreaboutourownphysiology(生理机能)changeit?Arecentstudyonexerciseandobesitysuggeststhattheanswerisyes.Thosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesityproduced2.5timesmoreofthefullnesshormoneandclaimedtofeelfullerdespiteeatingthesamemealastheyhadoneweekprior.Thosewhoweretoldtheyhadlowerendurancebecauseoftheirgenesdidworseontheirphysicaltestthantheydidbeforereceivingthatinformation:Theyshowedlowerlungcapacityandquitsooner.Thus,havinginformationaboutourgeneticriskcanleadtoimprovementsinourphysiology(aswastruefortheeatersofthestudy),butitcanalsoputusatadisadvantage(aswiththepoorexerciseperformers).Sowecertainlyneedtobecautiousofincorrectgeneticinformation.ButastheStanfordstudyshows,evenifthegeneticinformationwereceiveiscorrect,howwereceiveitisalsoimportant.5.Howdoesthe“placeboeffect”inmedicinework?A.Thepatientrecoverswiththetimelytreatment.B.Thepatient'sconditionworsensduetoalackoftreatment.C.Thepatient'sconditionremainsunchangeddespitetheirbelief.D.Thepatient'sconditionimproveswiththebeliefinthetreatment.6.AccordingtoParagraph5,whathappenedtothosewhoweretoldtheywereatlowgeneticriskforobesity?A.Theyshowedlowerlungcapacity.B.Theyquittheirphysicaltestsooner.C.Theyneededmorefoodtosatisfytheirappetite.D.Theyfeltfullerwithmorefullnesshormonereleased.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardshavinggeneticinformation?A.Positive.B.Objective.C.Ambiguous.D.Negative.8.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.Thegreatpoweroftheobserver'smind.B.Theinfluenceofknowinggeneticinformation.C.Theamazingapplicationofgeneticinformation.D.TheconnectionbetweenQuantumMechanicsandMedicine.CDespitethebadreputationofsharks,theyarecrucialtothehealthofthemarineecosystemandcanevenhelpfightclimatechange.IntheshallowsofSharkBay,WesternAustralia,seagrassisfoodfortheseacows,whichcanweighasmuchas500kgandeatroughly40kgofseagrassaday.Seacowsarearichsourceoffoodfortigersharks.Bykeepingtheseacowpopulationcontrolled,tigersharksherehelptheseagrassgrowsustainably.AboomingseagrassmeadowstorestwiceasmuchCO2persquaremileasforeststypicallydoonland.Buttigersharknumbersaredeclining.OffAustralia'snortheastcoastofQueensland,tigersharksareestimatedtohavefallenbyatleast71percent,largelyduetooverfishing.Areductionintigersharksmeansmoreseagrassconsumedbyherbivores(食草动物)andlesscarbonstoredinseavegetation.Thisraisedthequestion:WhatiftheywereabsentfromtheSharkBay—wouldtheseagrass-dominatedecosystemsurvive?Tofindout,researchersledbyRobNowickiofFloridaInternationalUniversity,spenttimeinEasternAustralia,wheresharknumberswerelowerandseacowsateseagrasslargelyundisturbed.“Whenuncontrolled,seacowscanrapidlydestroywideareasofseagrass,”saidNowicki.ThosefindingsemphasizedthattigersharkswereplayinganimportantroleinpreventingthereductionofseagrassinSharkBay.Iftheirpopulationscontinuetodecline,theresilienceofcarbon-richoceanecosystemswilllikelydecrease.Whenitcomestostimulatingsharknumbers,therehavebeenmovementstowardmoresustainablefishing,butalargepercentageoftheindustryhavenotchangedtheirmethods,whichistheleadingcauseofmarinetoppredatorscontinuingtodecline.Asidefromsupportingsustainablefishing,Nowickisaidtheonlywaytotrulyprotectmarinelifeistoreduceourglobalgreenhousegasemissions.“Ultimately,ifwearegoingtoprotectourecosystemsinthecenturiestocome,wearegoingtoneedtosolveclimatechangewhileundertakingspeciesprotectionatthesametime.”9.Whyaretigersharksvitaltothemarineecosystem?A.Theyfeedonvariousseaanimals.B.TheycanstorelargeamountsofCO2.C.Theycanpreventthelossofseagrass.D.Theyinfluencemarinespeciesdistribution.10.WhatdidRobNowicki'steamwanttofindoutinEasternAustralia?A.Howseacowsdestroytheseagrasscommunity.B.Howsharkpopulationinfluencestheoceanecosystem.C.Whatwascontributingtothedecliningnumberoftigersharks.D.Whattodotorecovertheseagrass-dominatedecosystem.11.Whatisthemainreasonforthepopulationreductionoftoppredatorsinmarineecosystems?A.Climatechange.B.Waterpollution.C.Lossofseagrass.D.Unsustainablefishingapproaches.12.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Weshouldprotectourenvironment.B.Thenumberoftigersharksisdecreasing.C.Climatechangecausesthelossofseagrass.D.Tigersharksarevitaltothehealthofthemarineecosystem.Ⅱ.七选五EasywaystoimproveyourworkproductivityWeallwanttogetmoreoutofourdaybutwedon'talwaysknowhowtogoaboutit.1

•Takebreaksoutside.Gettingoutsidetostretchyourlegscanboostyourmoodandhelpyoutodisconnectfromyourworkforabit.2Sotakingawalkwillmeanthatyoureturntoyourdeskfeelingmorepositiveandfocused,readytotacklewhatevertaskitisnext.

•Setagoodmorningroutine.Agoodmorningroutinecanmakeadifferencetoyourday.Setyouralarmalittleearlierandusethetimeyouhavetocreateamorningroutinethatrefreshesandenergizesyou.3Taketimetoreadajournal,pickoutanoutfitthatmakesyoufeelconfident,anddowhateveryouneedtodotoputyourselfintherightheadspacetohaveagoodday.

•4

Justasimportantassettingboundarieswhenitcomestoyourwork,setboundarieswhenitcomestoyourpersonalandsociallife.Makequalitytimeforyourselfandthepeopleyoulovebysettingboundariesregardingyourworkandgivingtimeandspacetotheotherareasofyourlife.•Getenoughsleep.5Afteragoodnight'ssleepourbrainwillfeelenergizedandsharp,whereasaroughnight'ssleepcanleaveusfeelingslowandunmotivated.Makesureyou'resettingyourselfupforsuccessbyregularlygettingagoodnight'ssleep.

A.Sticktoyourboundaries.B.Haveapleasantandfulfilledlife.C.Goforarunordosomeyogatostartyourmorning.D.Don'tignoretheimportanceofgettingupearlyforwork.E.Herearesomeeasywaysinwhichyoucanimproveyourworkproductivity.F.Wecannotunderestimatetheeffectthatsleephasonourproductivity.G.ThevitaminDyougetfromthesunhasalsobeenproventoboostyourmood.参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇导读】作者下班回家的途中遇上严重的交通堵塞,心情沮丧。此时一辆救护车从后方驶来,车辆自觉有序地让出一条通道让救护车通过,作者由此感受到大家的善意,感受到人与人之间的联系。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,作者看到入口匝道的时候心情是沮丧的。discouraged“心灰意冷的”。2.A推理判断题。根据第五段可知,当救护车驶近的时候,因为桥上拥堵,作者认为车辆无法移动让出空间。由此推知,作者认为救护车很难通过。3.B词义猜测题。根据第七段中画线词后的两句可推知,作者原本以为拥堵的车辆无法为救护车腾出空间,但是大家井然有序地、快速地让出了路,让作者忘记了堵车的种种不愉快。由此推知,作者应该是惊奇不已的。amazed与awestruck意思相近。4.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知,作者认为救护车得以通过是因为大家富有同情和智慧,愿意帮助救护车上的陌生人,是人们的善意令奇迹发生,C项符合题意。【语篇导读】文章主要说明了解遗传信息对我们很重要。5.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知,医学上的“安慰剂效应”指的是病人如果相信他们正在接受有效的治疗,他们的病情就会好转,故病人的病情随着治疗的信念而改善。6.D细节理解题。根据第五段第一句