初中英语中考二轮复习+专题一　名词课件

名词考点1名词的数1.可数名词(1)名词变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况下,在名词词尾加-smap→maps,boy→boys以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-esbus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,先将y变成i,再加-esdictionary→dictionaries,country→countries以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives以o结尾的名词,有生命的在词尾加-es;无生命的在词尾加-shero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,photo→photos注意初中阶段以o结尾的单词只有tomato,

potato,

hero,

superhero后面加-es,其他以o结尾的单词都加-s。(2)名词变复数的不规则变化

构成方法例词a变eman→men,woman→women,policeman→policemenoo变eefoot→feet,tooth→teeth单复数同形sheep→sheep,deer→deer某国人:中日不变,英法变,其余后面加-sChinese→Chinese,Frenchman→Frenchmen,German→Germans其他mouse→mice,child→children(3)可数名词的修饰词many(许多),afew(一些;几个),few(几乎没有),several(几个),anumberof(许多),acoupleof(一对;几个),howmany(多少),toomany(太多)。2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词的量化

不可数名词表示数量时,用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”表示。不可数名词无复数形式,如果变复数,只变计量名词。apieceofpaper一张纸,twopiecesofpaper两张纸,aglassofmilk一杯牛奶,fourglassesofmilk四杯牛奶(2)不可数名词的修饰词much(许多),alittle(一点儿),little(几乎没有),howmuch(多少),toomuch(太多),abitof(一点儿),agreat/gooddealof(很多),alargeamountof(大量的)。3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词,但意义不同

名词可数不可数名词可数不可数orange橙子橙汁room房间空间chicken鸡鸡肉time次数;倍数

时间paper试卷;报纸;文件纸life生命生活experience经历经验work作品工作glass玻璃杯玻璃light电灯光exercise练习锻炼fish鱼鱼肉即学即练1.(2023·青岛市北区二模)These

(German)havebeeninChinaformanyyears.

2.(2022·扬州)Workingasateammeanscelebrating

(victory)andfacinglossestogether.

3.(2022·泰州)ThefilmThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin(《长津湖》)showedusmany

(hero)intheWartoResistUSAggressionandAidKorea(抗美援朝战争).

4.Therearemore

(sheep)inAustraliathaninJapan.5.(2021·广安改编)Westernpeopleliketouse

(knife)andforkswhiletheyareeating.

Germansvictoriesheroessheepknives6.(2023·云南师大实验中学三模)Couldyougivemesome

(advice)abouthowtogetonwithothers?

7.Asparents,youshouldkeepthese

(match)awayfromthechildren.8.Ihadalotofinteresting

(experience)duringmystayinChina.

9.Shedidn’thavemuch

(experience)incooking.

10.Ihavetwo

(orange)andthreebottlesof

(orange)here.

advicematchesexperiencesexperienceorangesorange考点2名词所有格1.’s所有格

构成例子有生命的单数名词在词尾加-’sthegirl’sfather女孩的父亲表示时间、国家、距离等名词

在词尾加-’stoday’snewspaper今天的报纸;China’sdevelopment中国的发展复数名词以s结尾的加-’twohours’walk两个小时的步行不以s结尾的加-’schildren’sbooks儿童书籍各自拥有分别在每个名词后加-’sMary’sandHelen’srooms玛丽的房间和海伦的房间共同拥有在最后一个名词后加-’sMaryandHelen’sroom玛丽和海伦的房间2.of所有格一般来说,表示无生命的名词的所有格常用of表示。thedooroftheroom房间的门,thecoloroftheclothes衣服的颜色3.双重所有格(1)of+-’s所有格afriendofmyfather’s

我父亲的一个朋友(2)of+名词性物主代词abookof

mine

我的一本书注意双重所有格和of所有格的区别:a

photo

of

Tom’s

汤姆的照片(照片属于汤姆,但照片上的人不一定是汤姆)a

photo

of

Tom汤姆的照片(照片上的人是汤姆本人)即学即练1.(2023·郴州)Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon

(child)Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.

2.Theseare

(yesterday)newspapers.

3.Afterafew

(month)exercise,Ifinallygotconfidenceandcourageinmyvoice.

4.(2023·泸州市泸县四中三模)—Whatis

(JimandTom)brother?

—Heisapoliceman.5.Upstairsare

(LilyandLucy)bedrooms.Theyaretidyandnice.Butoursareinamess.

Children’syesterday’smonths’JimandTom’sLily’sandLucy’s考点3名词作定语1.名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如果变复数,只把被修饰的词变成复数。Myfatherplantedanapple

treelastyear.去年我爸爸种了一棵苹果树。Thereare10boy

studentsintheclassroom.教室里有10个男生。2.man或woman作定语修饰名词时,如果变复数,man或woman与被修饰的词都变成复数。Theyareallmen

doctors.他们都是男医生。3.sport作定语时,用复数。Oursports

meetingwillbeheldnextSaturdaymorning.我们的运动会将在下周六早晨举行。4.“基数词-名词(-形容词)”构成的复合形容词作定语时,复合形容词中的名词用单数。afive-poundnote一张5英镑的纸币,a4-year-oldboy一个4岁的男孩即学即练1.我想要两碗西红柿鸡蛋面。2.他们班有20个女生。3.我们班女老师的数量是6个。4.下个月我妈妈将有一个10天的假期。I’dliketwobowlsoftomatoandeggnoodles.Thereare20girlstudentsintheirclass.Thenumberofthewomenteachersinourclassissix.Mymotherwillhaveaten-dayholidaynextmonth.考点4名词的词形转换1.动词变名词

构词法例词+-er/-or/-rteach→teacher,work→worker,act→actor,visit→visitor,drive→driver,write→writer特殊:win→winner,run→runner+-ingfeel→feeling,build→building,mean→meaning特殊:begin→beginning构词法例词+-mentdevelop→development,agree→agreement+-ressact→actress,wait→waitress+-(t)ion/-(s)ioncollect→collection,invent→invention,pollute→pollution,celebrate→celebration,invite→invitation,prepare→preparation特殊:decide→decision其他fail→failure,succeed→success,die→death,advise→advice,choose→choice,weigh→weight2.形容词变名词

构词法例词去t+-cedifferent→difference,important→importance+-ness,y变i+-nesskind→kindness,ill→illness,happy→happiness,busy→business+-th,去e+-thwarm→warmth,true→truth+-y/-ty/-ity,去e+-itydifficult→difficulty,safe→safety,active→activity,creative→creativity其他high→height,proud→pride,medical→medicine3.名词变名词(表人)构词法例词+-r/-er/-orvillage→villager,farm→farmer+-ist,去o+-istart→artist,violin→violinist,tour→tourist,piano→pianist特殊:science→scientist+-n/-an/-ian,去a+-ianAsia→Asian,Europe→European,music→musician,Canada→Canadian即学即练1.(2023·青岛李沧区二模)Look!The

(tour)ontheGreatWallaretakingphotoshappily.

2.(2023·吉林省实验中学质检)Thefansshoutedwith

(excite)whentheysawthefamoussinger.

3.(2022·南京秦淮一模)Sincethe73-year-oldmanmadethe

(decide)totravelaroundtheworld,hehasnevergivenuphishope.

4.(2023·扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)Idon’tthinkheistellingusthewhole

(true)aboutwhathappened.

5.Tooursurprise,an8-year-oldgirlbecamethe

(win)ofthedancingcompetition.

touristsexcitementdecisiontruthwinner6.(2023·无锡外国语学校二模)Attheconcert,those

(music)skillsimpressedthelittleboysomuch.

7.(2022·南京鼓楼一模)LeonardodaVinciwasfamousnotonlyasanartist,butalsoasan

(invent).

8.(2023·无锡外国语学校一模)WhileI’mwalkinginthewoods,Ilikethe

(feel)ofpeaceandquiet.

musicians’inventorfeeling专题精练Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thedoctortellsustobrushour

(tooth)aftermeals.

2.Look,the

(child)arehavingagoodtimeflyingkitesinthepark.

3.(2023·龙东地区)WorldHealthDayisusedtohighlight(强调)the

(important)ofpersonalhealth.

4.(2023·无锡)The

(win)ofthisyear’sSpellingBeeis...Daniel!

5.Thechildrenshoutedwith

(excite)whentheywontheprize.

6.Chinesepeoplearetryingtheirbesttobringmoreandmore

(happy)tothemselves.

teethchildrenimportancewinnerexcitementhappiness7.(2023·日照)Ourcityreceivedalotof

(visit)duringMayDayholiday.8.(2023·扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)Allthe

(hero)namesarecarvedonthestone.Theyaretheprideofourcountry.

9.(2023·无锡外国语学校二模)Thankyouforgivingme

(suggest)onhowtoimprovemyoralEnglish.Theydohelpmealot.

10.(2023·上海市黄浦区三模)Theaverage

(weigh)ofababyatbirthisjustoversevenpounds.

11.(2023·云南师大实验中学三模)Finallyshemadea

(decide)togoonclimbingthemountainalthoughshewasbadlyhurt.

12.(2022·盘锦)Alisawillpickstrawberriesand

(tomato)withherfathertomorrow.

visitorsheroes’suggestionsweightdecisiontomatoes13.(2022·云南)TouristscanseemanyWestern-style

(build)inShanghaiDisneyland.

14.(2022·丽水改编)Mandyisn’tallowedtodrivebecauseherparentsworryabouther

(safe).

15.(2023·青岛崂山区二模)TheTiangongspacestationisthe

(proud)ofallChinese.

16.(2022·永州)WeChineseshouldbeproudofourhistory,ourwrittenlanguage,our

(invent)andourachievements.

buildingssafetyprideinventions17.(2022·临沂)TwoChinese

(woman)havebeentospacesofar.They’reLiuYangandWangYaping.

18.Theroofofthehouseiscoveredwithlotsof

(leaf).

19.Therearethree

(photo)onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.

20.JimandIsharesimilartastesand

(hobby).Wetakepartinlotsofmeaningfulsocialactivitiestogether.

womenleavesphotoshobbiesⅡ.选词填空1.(2023·东营)Thenapduringthelunchbreakhelpsushavemore

(luck/wealth/energy/courage)intheafternoon.

2.(2023·滨州)—What’syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong___________________(difference/attention/situation/influence)onmeasachild.3.(2023·江西)—Kevin,couldyoupassmesome_______________________(rice/bread/water/chicken)?It’ssohottoday.I’mreallythirsty.

—OK.Hereyouare.energyinfluencewater4.(2023·天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas,andthepandahasbecomea

(festival/poem/guest/symbol)ofChina.

5.(2023·扬州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful

(movement/attraction/experience/research)!

6.(2023·武汉)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam.—Hisheightgiveshimabig_____________(situation/challenge/achievement/advantage).symbolexperienceadvantage7.(2023·荆州)—WhatcanyoulearnfromJourney

to

the

West?—Ilearnthatweshouldhaveenough

(danger/success/courage/excitement)toover-comethedifficultiesinourlife.8.(2023·无锡外国语学校一模)TheWandering

EarthseriesandTVdramaThree-BodyonceagainbroughtLiuCixin,afamoussciencefictionwriter,tothe

(notice/interest/attention/attraction)ofChinesepeople.

9.(2023·上海市黄浦区三模)Youcanfindmore

(truth/information/fact/opinion)abouttravelaroundShanghaiontheInternet.

10.(2023·巴川中学二模)Sandyisacleverboy.Hehasfixedupthemachineaccordingtothe

(instructions/inventions/invitations/interview).

courageattentioninformationinstructionsⅢ.翻译句子1.昨天我在超市里买了一些土豆和牛肉。2.你能给我六瓶橙汁吗?3.学校离我家只有十分钟的步行路程。4.明天两个女科学家将来我们的学校。5.昨天我们的语文老师让我们写一篇600字的文章。Iboughtsomepotatoesandbeefinthesupermarketyesterday.Canyougivemesixbottlesoforange?It’sonlytenminutes’walkfromtheschooltomyhome.Twowomenscientistswillcometoourschooltom