四川省成都市2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷1（含答案）

四川省成都市2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读［共两节，满分50分］第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A篇Urbangardensarevaluablepropertytocommunities.Theyprovidegreencestogrowsustainablefood，buildcommunitycohesion（凝聚力），makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So,let'scheckoutourlistoffourinspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYork&ChicagoWhat:GothamGreensfirststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoesn'tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms:Manyofthesekidsdon'thaveaccesstogreences,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.RevisionUrbanFarmWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:RevisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeRevisionFamilyHome-ashelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm'sfreshvegetables.Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.Thisurbangardenservesasbothalivingartexhibitandaneducationalfarm.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvine-eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic(共生的)relationship.()1.WhatisspecialaboutGothamGreens?A.Itprovidesjobtrainingforstudents.B.Itoffershomelessfamiliesinformationonhealthyeating.C.Itcreatesasustainablegardenonalargeboat.D.Ituseshigh-techgreenhousestogrowhealthyfood.()2.Whichurbangardenoffersfirst-handfarmingexperience?A.GothamGreens.B.RevisionUrbanFarm.C.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents.D.Swale.()3.Whatdothesefoururbangardenshaveincommon?Theyareinspirationalmultinationalproject.Theyhaveeducationalandentertainingpurpose.C.Theycreatejobopportunitiesforfarmers.D.Theyareimportantforcitizens.B篇Asageothermal(地热)scientist，Iknowthatboilingriversexist-buttheyarealwaysnearvolcanoes.Youneedalotofheattomakethatmuchwaterboil.Wewereworkinginthevolcanicgap,a950-mile-longareathatcoversmostofPeru,wheretherehaven'tbeenvolcaniceruptionsforthepasttwomillionyears.Yet,we'dfoundtheShanaya,anameoriginatedfrom“heatingthing”.MymeasurementsF.Theged190F-195°F.Thelocalsthinkit'ssohotbecauseoftheYacumama,or“watermother”-aspiritwhogivesbirthtowaters-representedbyasnakehead-shapedrockattheoriginoftheheatedwater.Ihadtocutmywaythroughthebushatthesideoftherivertotaketemperaturereadings.Allthewhile,rightnexttomewasthisveryhot,fast-flowingbodyofwater.Afriendatthenearestvillagehadtoldme,“Useyourfeetlikeeyes.Youcan'tseeheat,butyoucanfeelitwhenyoustepnearit."Iworesandals(凉鞋).Iwasatapartoftherivermeasuring210°F,standingonarockthesizeofasheetorpaper,whentherainfell.Itwaslikeacurtainrising.Thetemperaturedifferencebetweentherainandtherivercausedawhiteout(临时性失明).Icouldn'tsee,butIwhistledtoletmypartnerknowIwasOK.At130°F,fleshcooks,andthewateraroundmewasnearingtwicethat.Myeyeswouldhavecookedinlessthanaminute,andIcouldn'thaveseenhowtogetout.Isawratsfallin,theireyesturningmilkywhite.Ikeptwhistling.After15minutestherainstoppedandthesteamcleared.Aheavyraininmostsituationswouldhavebeennothingimportant.Here,foramatterofminutes,itthinnedthelinebetweenresearchingandbeingboiledalive.()4.Whatdothelocalsthinkcausesthewatersohot?A.Thehightemperature.B.Animaginarycreature.C.Thevolcaniceruptions.D.Thegeologicalconditions.()5.Whydidtheauthorcuthiswaythroughthebushbesidetheriver?A.Togetsomerelateddata.B.Tolookintowildlifearoundtheriver.C.Toknowaboutthequalityofthewater.D.Toappreciatethebeautifulscenerythere.()6.Forwhatreasondidtheauthorwhistlewhenitrained?A.Hewasintrouble.B.Hecouldstandonarock.C.Nothingwaswrongwithhim.D.Helikedthenaturalphenomenon.()7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AHardRainB.MilkyWhiteEyesC.BoilingRiverD.WaternearVolcanoesC篇Inaseriesofstudies,researchersfoundhighlytraineddogsmaybemoresuccessfulthanuntrainedpetsinindependentlysolvingnewly-presentedproblems.Researchershavediscoveredthatoneofthefactorsunderlyingthisprocessmaybepersistence(坚持).Itinvolvesreinforcement,theprinciplethatbehaviorsthatarerewardedbecomestrongerandmorefrequent.Theothersideofthisisextinction,whichreferstothefactthatbehaviorsthatarenotrewardedgrowweakerandbecomelesslikelytoappear.Whenextinctionsetsin,theanimalwillsimplyquitbeforetheproblemissolved.Itispossiblethathighlytraineddogshavelearnedtopersistandthushavedevelopedresistancetoextinction,whichwouldmakethembetterproblemsolvers.Inthisrecentstudy,theresearcherslookedat26adultdogsdividedintotwogroups,“traineddogs”and“petdogs”.Thereweretwotasksthatthedogsweretestedon.Onewasasociallearningtaskwherethedoghadtolearntolookdirectlyintotheexperimenter'seyes.Everytimethedogstaredattheexperimenter'sface,theyreceivedatreat(reinforcement)Oncethedogswereperformingthistask,theextinctionstagebegan,andthestaringbehaviorwasnolongerrewardedinordertoseehowpersistentthenewlylearnedbehaviorwas.Thesecondtaskfocusedonproblemsolving.Itinvolvedaflatdiskthathadboneshapedplasticbones.Thedogshadtolearntoremovetheplasticbonestoobtainthetreathidingundereachone.Aftertheseriesofrewardedtrials,theextinctionstagebegan,andnomorereinforcementswereprovidedforremovingthebones.Inthesociallearningtask,thetraineddogsgazedattheexperimentersmorethanthepetdogsduringextinction.Whileintheproblem-solvingtask,thetraineddogspickedupalargernumberofbonesduringextinction.Inotherwords,fordogswhohadbeentrained,theirnewlylearnedbehaviorspersistedlongerandwerestrongerthanthebehaviorsofthepetdogswhoreceivednotraininginanyarea.()8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bystatingafact.B.Byraisingadoubt.C.Bymakinganassumption.D.Bypresentingaconclusion.()9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeseenas“reinforcement”?A.Chainingadogupwhilewalkingiteveryday.B.Givingagoatsomegrasseverytimeitstandsup.C.Puttingafishbackintothepooleverytimeitjumpsout.D.Yellingatacateverytimeitfailstocatchamouse.()10.Howcandogsbenefitfromtrainingintheexperiment?A.Theirnewlylearnedbehaviorslastlonger.B.Theycangrowstrongerthanuntraineddogs.C.Theyaremorelikelytolivelonger.D.Theyarebetterathelpingtheirfriends.()l1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowresearcherscarryoutanimalexperimentsB.Whytraineddogsdon’tgiveupeasilyC.WhypersistentdogsmakebetterpetsD.HowtopickoutasuitablepetdogD篇Withthegrowingtrendoflisteningtostoriesonmeditationapps(冥想应用)，traveltales-sometimesfeaturingsurroundingsoundsofplacessuchasrainforestsinBorneo-arehelpingpeoplegetrestfulsleep.Imagineavoicesoftlytellingaslistenersclosetheireyesandsnuggledownintheirbeds.Areyoupayingattention?Actually,itdoesn'tmatter.AccordingtotheCDC,some70millionAmericansstrugglewithchronicsleepproblems.Tohelpwiththis,manyadultsarebringingbackbedtimestoriesthroughmeditationapps.NearlyathirdoftheCalmapp’s300bedtimestories,whichhavebeenlistenedtomorethan450milliontimes,areabouttravel.Some45ofthebedtimestoriesontheappBreethearetravel-related.Earlierthisyear,halfofthetop10bedtime,storiesweretravel-themed.Travelbedtimestoriesaretypicallyanaudioretellingofatripandrelyheavilyondescriptions,withoccasionalsurroundingnoiseslikeoceanwaves,traintracks,orsoftmusic.Trainstoriesareparticularlypopularatbedtime."Youneedmovementinabedtimestory-ifthingsarestatic(静止的)，it'stoodullandthelistenerwillgetrestless,"saysMarthaBayless,aprofessorattheUniversityofOregon’sFolkloreandPublicCultureProgram.“Butthemovementhastobenon-threateningandsoothing.Thetrainistheperfectvehicleforsleep,engagingthesensesinagentleway."“Onepossiblereasonwhytravelbedtimestoriescalmourbrainsismirrorneurons(镜像神经元),”saysRachelSalas,aneurologistatJohnsHoinsCenterforSleepandWellness.“Thesebraincellsmightcombineourownexperienceswithsomeoneelse's.Forexample,ataleoftraintravelcouldbringasenseofnostalgia(怀旧)forourownpastjourneys.Thecomfortingsenseofsomethingfamiliarcanhelpwithrelaxationandsleep.Additionally,thesoundofatrainchuggingalongthetracksservesasatypeofwhitenoisethatlullspeopletosleep,"Salasadds."Inmosttravelbedtimestories,nothingmuchhappens,"saysBayless.“Thebedtimestoriesareaboutthequietperiodbetweenadventures,whichiswhatsleepisalsoabout."()12.Inwhichaspectdopeoplebenefitfromtraveltales?A.Promotingsleep.B.Inspiringimagination.C.Improvingconcentration.D.Gainingtravelinformation.()13.WhatdothenumbersinParagraph2mainlyindicate?A.Mostadultssufferalotfromalackofsleep.B.Adequatequalitysleepisessentialtohumanhealth.C.Meditationappshelppeoplereducestresseffectively.D.Travel-relatedbedtimestoriesaremoreappealingtolisteners.()14.RachelSalas'swordsinParagraph4serveas________.A.evidenceofthesignificanceofmirrorneuronsB.anexplanationastowhytraveltaleshelpwithsleepC.adescriptionofadventuroustravelexperiencesD.ananalysisofhowsleepaffectspeople’smemory()15.Inwhichsectionofanewpermaythisarticleappear?A.TravelB.Opinion.C.Entertainment.D.Science.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everysentencewespeakshowssomethingaboutwhoweareashumans.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinctdialects.16Whetherpeoplesay“soda”or“popmayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregiontheyarefrom.Whatyoucallthenightbeforeaspecialfestivalmaytietoyourreligionbeliefs.17Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteractedwiththeanimalsandplants.Insomecases,thishashappenedovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguageashavingafixedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguageisalwaysdeveloping.Newwordsemergewhileothersfalloutofuse.Pronunciationchangesovertime.Sodothemeaningsofwords.18Ourabilitytolearnlanguagedevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasinfants,oreveninthewomb(子宫),setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooing(咕咕叫)istheresultofbabies'analysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.19Childrenexposedtomultiplelanguagesearlyinlife,andgrowingupmultilingual,developenhancedcognitivefunctions.Thesemayincludetheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions.Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthem.Eachoftheapproximately7,000worldlanguagesisaprooftoacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangered.Itispossiblethatasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Why?20Buttheyboildowntosocialinequalitiesanddisrespectforothers.A.Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.B.Languageschangewithtime.C.Thesearerootedintheirhistoryandculture.D.Whatkindofslang(俚语)youusemaycomefromthehabitsofyourfamily?E.Languagealsoshowstheconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironment.F.Thereasonsarecomplex.G.Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromlanguagesotherthantheirowntoaddtotheirownvocabulary.16._______17.________18._________19.___________20.___________第二部分语言运用［共两节，满分30分］第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Yearsago，myhousewasbrokeninto.I21withthepoliceandwhenthey22mydoubtaboutmyneighbour,Jared,theyrolledtheireyes.“He’sgota(n)23already.Ifyouaccuse(起诉)Jared,hewill24tojuveniledetention(少管所)untilhe's21."Iaskedthepoliceto25untilIcouldspeakwithJared.WhenJaredsawme,hiseyeswerefilledwithfear,26anoteofregret.Iseizedthemoment."WemeetforonehoureverySaturdayfortenmonths.We’llspendahalf-houronhomeworkandahalf-hour27anythingyoulike.Butyoumustcommit,andyoumust28themoneyyoustole."Hetooktheoffer.Tomy29,heshowedupinthequiet,appointedplaceeverySaturday.SaturdayafterSaturdaywesat,we30,andIlistened.Ilearnedabouthisbrokenfamily,theambitionsthatseemedfarbeyondhis31toworktoward,andhislackofmeaningfulconnectionswithothers.Herepaidthemoneytome.Whenthetenmonthsended,I32myhandtoJared,"That'sit.Thankyou."Helaidhishandinmine,33,andlookedatme.“That'sit?"herepeated.“Yeah,"Isaid.Later,webecamegoodfriends.Whateverproblemsourneighbourshad,hewasreadytohelpthem.Youngpeoplesometimesmakeus34withtheirbehaviour,butasanadult,ourpositiveguidancemaymakeagreat35totheirwholelife.()21.A.livedB.spokeC.playedD.combined()22.A.knewB.removedC.announcedD.refused()23.A.interestB.bookC.recordD.reward()24.A.replyB.writeC.referD.go()25.A.giveupB.holdoffC.lookaroundD.carryon()26.A.usingB.sharingC.showingD.asking()27.A.talkingaboutB.turningdownC.lookingforD.thinkingabout()28.A.forgetB.ownC.rememberD.repay()29.A.delightB.angerC.anxietyD.sadness()30.A.agreedB.chattedC.shoutedD.cried()31.A.choiceB.willingnessC.healthD.cleverness()32.A.clappedB.wavedC.offeredD.lent()33.A.doubtfulB.calmC.upsetD.cold()34.A.happyB.disappointedC.curiousD.thankful()35.A.differenceB.decisionC.apologyD.effort第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AlaskaAirlinesannounceditwillbecomethefirstU.S.airlinetolaunchanelectronicbagtag(标签)programlaterthisyear.Thetagsaresmallprogrammabledeviceswithe-paperdisplaysthataredesigned36(replace)thepapertagscurrentlyinuse.ThenewprogramwillinitiallyfocusonSanJoseInternationalAirportinCalifornia.Theairlineplanstoinitiallygiveout2,500ofthetags37freetoitsfrequentfliers,andthetags38(be)availabletopurchasebyMileagePlanmembersnextyear.Theelectronicbagtagswillallowgueststoskipthestepofprinting39(tradition)bagtagsuponarrivalattheairport.Instead,guestscanactivatethedevicesfrom40(place)liketheirhomes,officesorcars-upto24hoursbeforetheirflight41(use)theAlaskaAirlinesmobileapp.Theactivationisdoneby42(simple)touchingthephoneusedforcheck-intotheelectronicbagtag,43hasanantenna(天线)thatpowersandreadstheinformationtransmittedfromthephone.Comparedtoapreviousversiontestedin2015,44newtagis“battery-less”andneverneedstoberecharged."Thedeviceswillallowouremployeestospendmoretimewithguestswhoaskfor45(assist),"saidCharuJain,seniorvicepresidentofmerchandisingandinnovationatAlaskaAirlines.36.________.37.__________.38._________.39.__________.40.____________.41.________.42.__________.43._________.44.__________.45.____________.第三部分写作［共两节，满分40分］第一节（满分15分）假设你是李华,你的英国好友Jim即将来北京,并打算游览北京古代建筑,他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复一封邮件,内容包括:(1)你的推荐;(2)说明理由。注意:(1)词数80左右;(2)开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。IstoodbythewindowsofourMoscowapartmentandlookedoutside.Oldbuildingsblockedmostofthegraywintersky,andthegroundbelowwasbrownwithdirtysnow.Inoticedawomancrossingthestreet,herfacecoveredwithathickscarf.Idrewthecurtains,turnedonthelight,andsatdownonmybedwithabook.Thephonerang.Afteraminute,Iheardmymumsay,“Sure!Marinawouldlovethat.Seeyousoon."Whowasthat?Iwondered.AndwhatwasIsupposedtolove?Mamawalkedintomyroomandopenedthecurtainswideagain."Timetogetup,Marina.UncleGenaistakingyoutorrowHills."“Butit'sfreezingout,”Icried.“You’llhavefun,”Mamasaid.Ishookmyhead,“Notinthisweather.”Duringthesummer,IlovedgoingtorrowHills,eatingstrawberryicecreamandwalkingthroughtheparkbyMoscowStateUniversity.Butgoingthereonthiscoldwintermorning?“Getready,”Mamasaid.“UncleGenawillbeheresoon."Islowlypulledonabluesweater.Toosoon,thedoorbellrang.WhenMamaopenedthedoor,UncleGenaputhisbackpackdownandhuggedme.UncleGenastoodstraightandtall.Eveninthedepthsofthelongwinter,hisfacewassunburntfromskiingandmountainclimbing.HeturnedtoMamaandhuggedher,to“Doyouhaveatravelmug(旅行杯)?”“Sure,”saidMama.“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffeeinit?"“Justanemptyone."Heputthetravelmuginhisbackpackandsmiledatme.“Ready,Marina?""Iguess."Ibuttonedmycoatuptomynoseandpulledonawarmwoolenhat.WecrossedthestreetandwalkeddownthestepsofthestationtocatchthetraintorrowHills.Marblewallsandashinyfloormadethestationlooklikeapalaceofice.Fortunately,itwaswarmerinthestation.Thetrainrushedintothestation,anoilsmellfillingtheair.Whenthedoorsopened,weclimbedaboard.注意:所续写的短文词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Beforelong,wearrivedatthefootofrrowHills._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Wefinallyarrivedatthetopofthehill._______________________________________________________________________________________________