Unit4+词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展 人教版英语八年级下册

英语张老师专用讲义八下unit4知识点及拓展词汇拓展wrong(adj.)—____________________(反义词，正确的)relation(n.)—____________________(n.关系)communicate(v.)—____________________(n.交流)argue(v.)—____________________(n.争论，争吵)cloud(n.)—____________________(adj.多云的)old(adj.)—____________________(adj.年纪较长的)offer(v.)—____________________(近义词)proper(adj.)—_______________(adv.合理地)—_____________（不合理的，不合适的）secondly(adv.)—____________________(adj.第二)—____________________(n.秒)explain(v.)—____________________(n.解释)pressure(n.)—____________________(n.近义词)—____________________(v.按，压)compete(v.)—____________________(n.比赛)—____________________(n.竞争者)—____________________(adj.有竞争力的)opinion(n.)—____________________(近义词)skill(n.)—____________________(adj熟练的)typical(adj.)—____________________(adv.典型地)quick(adj.)—____________________(adv.快)—____________________(近义词)push(v.)—____________________(反义词)development(n.)—(v.)—adj—adjusual(adj.)—(adv.通常)—(反义词，adj.不寻常的)perhaps(adv.)—(近义词)21.clearadj.—(adv.清晰地，明显地)—（adj.不清楚的，不确定的）22.normaladj.—____________________adv.—____________________(反义词)-用所给词的适当形式填空。Thoughitwasraining,theycontinued(work)inthefield.Noneofthemtookpartinyesterday’sEnglishspeech(compete).Ihadan(usual)experiencelastnight.Icouldn’tbelieveitatall.Themanisa(skill)workerandweshouldlearnfromhim.Let’sbookthewindowseatssothatwemayseethennightskymore(clear).Iwillnottakethisbag.Firstly,itisexpensive,and(second),it'snotofgoodquality.EricandFrankstopped(argue)whentheysawtheteachercomingintotheclassroom.Wedon’thaveanyfreetime(do)thethingwelike.(what)Ido,myparentsalwaysencouragemetogetoutofdifficulties.Wemadeanimportant(decide)attheendofthemeeting.It'snotright(copy)others'homework.Whenpeoplehavedifferentideas,(argue)isofnouse.Althoughtheinternetmakesourlifeeasier,itsometimes(cause)troubletous.Good(communicate)isimportantforbusiness(业务).Itried(pull)onehandfreeandfinallymanaged(break)theropes.WemustbeproudofbeingaChinesetoseethegreat(develop)ofourcountry.Idon’tseeany(relate)betweenthetwoproblems.ThoughJackisyoung,hecanplaytheviolinaswellashis(old)brother.Asteenagers,weshouldmanageourtime(proper)andneverputofftoday’sworktilltomorrow.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways(compare)themwithotherchildren.短语复习有空闲时间__ 2.允许人做某事3.与某人闲逛 4.课外活动课___5.与某人吵架/打架 6.和…比较7.与某人交谈 8.生某人的气__9.给某人写信 10.打电话给某人12.令某人惊讶 12.翻看，浏览_13.成功地发展；解决 14.和睦相处；关系良好_15.主动提出做某事 16.以便_______17.介意某人做_ 18.一直______19.今后______ 20.使某人生气21.担心某事_ 22.进入，走进_23.给某人施压 24.与某人吵架25.与某人竞争 26.取得更好的成绩27.提出某人的观点 28.学习应试技巧29.体育训练___ 30.删除______-即时练习在我看来，我们应该每天打扫我们自己的房间。,weshouldcleanourownroomeveryday.我爸妈不允许我晚上与朋友出去闲逛。Myparentsdon’tmewithmyfriendsatnight胡老师正在给学生们发新书。Mr.Hunownewbookstothestudents尽管她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。she'swrong,it'snot.关于这件事，你应该向你的老师解释。Aboutthething,youyourteacher.我今天早上上课迟到了，所以老师生我的气了。Iwaslateforclassthismorning,sotheteacherme.由于污染，许多人担心他们的健康。Manypeoplebecauseofthepollution.当我离开家的时候，我总是感到孤独和焦虑。IalwaysfeelwhenIamawayfromhome.如果你的父母遇到问题，你应该主动提供帮助。Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshould.很多孩子不喜欢和他们的父母交流。Manychildrendon'tliketheirparents.这个问题太困难了。我认为我们找不到一种新的方法来解决它。Thisproblemissodifficult.Idon’tthinkwecanfindanewway______.我不得不在学校和同学竞争，因为我的父母总是把我和其他孩子比较。Ihavetoclassmatesatschoolbecausemyparentsalways_____otherchildren.每个人都喜欢鲍勃，因为他能和其他同学相处得很好。EverybodylikesBobbecausehecanotherclassmates.花更多的时间在你学习上面，然后你可以取得更好的成绩。Spendmoretimeonyourstudyandyoucan__.随着5G技术的发展，我们的日常生活变得越来越方便。_5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecomemoreandmoreconvenient.这两个人过去常常互相争论，以证明谁更强壮。Thetwomeneachothertoprovewhoisstronger.期末考试即将到来。你应该恰当地计划你的时间，并且你会成功的。Thefinalexamiscoming.Youshouldandyouwillmakeit.史密斯先生是个残疾人。但在一名志愿者的帮助下，他过着正常的生活。Mr.Smithisadisabledperson.Butwiththehelpofavolunteer,he.对于孩子来说，没有必要有太多的压力。最好删掉一些课外课程。Thereisnoneedforkidstohavetoomuchpressure.afewafter-schoollessons.当你演讲时，你应该说话比平时更大声，以便大家都容易听到你的声音。Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshouldspeakinordertomakeeveryonehearyoueasily.三、知识详解competev.比赛_____________________________为得到某物与某人竞争Hecompetedagainsthisbestfriendforthefirstprize.【练习】完成句子梁博在“中国好声音”中获得冠军。LiangBowas___________________oftheVoiceofChina.allow允许，许可allow常见用法如下：(1)_____________________________.“允许某人做某事”Myparentsallowmetogooutatnight._____________________________“允许做某事”+v_ingThelibrarydoesn’tallowtakingloudly.allow+名词Wecan’tallowsuchathing.【练习】Theyoungshouldbeallowed__________(achieve)theirdreamsontheirown.Doyouoftenallow_______until11:00p.m.?tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayup1.我的父母不允许我上学的晚上上网。___________________________________________________.2.他们不允在这条街上停车。___________________________________________________________.workout产生……效果，进展……Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.【拓展】workout“__________________”Heworkedouttheanswerbycomputingagain,butmorecarefully.You’dbetterworkoutaplantoimproveyourwritingskills.【练习】保持句意基本不变Jessicasolvedthephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.Jessica_________________thephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.4.getonwith……“与……相处”+sth“进展”=___________________……MrsSmithgetsonwellwithherneighbors.表示相处的如何，在with前加well(好）或badly(差）等修饰词。Doyougetalongwellwithyourclassmates?HowareyougettingonwithyourEnglishstudy?Heisgettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.【练习】杰克会和同学们相处得很好。Jackwill_________________________hisclassmates.callsb.up打电话给某人Sheisbusywithherhomework.Don’tcallherup.【拓展】打电话给某人的不同表达方式ringsbupgivesbaring/callphonesbmakeaphonecalltosbcallsb【练习】改为同义句Don’tcallupMary.Don’t______________________-_____________-Mary.Sheoftencallsupheroldclassmates.Sheoften______-_________heroldmunicatev.交流信息；沟通--communicationn.j交流_______________________________和…交流/沟通【练习】找出能代替句中划线部分的一项。Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye—mail.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicateargue争吵，争论argue作不及物动词，名词形式为______________，_______________________________________“与某人争论”-Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.___________________________________与某人争论，其中argue有“争辩，争论”的意思，常指根据一定的理由想要说服他人。Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.Don’targuewithyourmother.如果表示“为某事与某人争辩”时，常用_______________________________They’realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.【辨析】argue与discussargue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论证说理，以理说服他人。discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含说服对方的成分。【练习】Ineverargue______-myparents.A.inB.toC.forD.withDowhatyouwereorderedanddon’t________me.A.quarrelB.argueC.arguewithD.discussinstead代替，顶替【辨析】instead与insteadof单词/短语词性意义或用法instead副词指舍去___________________________，可_________，位于__________________。insteadof介词（短语）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能_______________________-Hedidn’tanswer;instead,heaskedhisfather.-Weeatnoodlesinsteadofricesometimes.【练习】用instead或insteadof填空Dave

went

fishing_______________going

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math.__________,he

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English.Ilike

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Davewentcycling_______________goingskating.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.__________,heisgoodatEnglish.Mr.Zhanglikesreadingnewspapers___________books.llikereadinginthelibrary____________intheclassroom.offerV.提供；提出，建议(1)offer“提供”，其后可接双宾语，即___________________.=________________________.Sheofferstheoldmanacupoftea.=Sheoffersacupofteatotheoldman.offer还有“提出，建议”的意思，其后接不定式时表示“主动提出做某事”_______________________________Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.【练习】Thelittleboy_____hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought10.comparev.“比较，和……相比”_______________________________和….作比较Henevercompareshimselfwithothers.【拓展】_______________________________“把……比作……”，Lifeiscomparedtovoyage.Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.【练习】Myhandwritingcannotbecompared______father’s.A.toB.withC.onD.for11.continue为动词，“继续”continue作及物动词，“继续（做某事）”+名词、代词、不定式、动名词_______________________________=_______________________________继续做某事Themeetingwillbecontinuedafterabreak.Theyoungmancontinuedhisstudyafterhisfatherdied.Theraincontinuedfalling/tofallallafternoon.（2）continue用在直接引语后，表示“接着说”“Ilikeyourcountryverymuch,”hecontinued.【练习】Althoughwearetired,we________work.A.continuesB.continuetoC.continuingD.continued12.cutout剪裁，删去Sheiscuttingoutacoat.Youmustcutoutimportantdetails.【练习】Hedecidedtocut_______smoking.A.upB.onC.outD.in13.cause的用法(1)cause用作动词，“使产生，使发生”Aburningcigarettecausedthefire.Whatcausedhisillness?cause有可用作名词，“_________\_________”Thedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.【练习】翻译句子许多车祸都是因为开车不小心造成的。______________________________14.theTaylors【解析】the+姓氏的复数形式表示“____________________”，作主语时谓语动词用________。例如：TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.a/an＋姓氏单数”表示_______________________。例如：HiswifeisaKennedy（＝amemberoftheKennedyfamily）【做一做】1.TheBrowns__________(be)fromNewYork.2.John一家人在看电视。TheJohns_____________________now.3.史密斯一家人正在吃饭。TheSmiths____________________________atthedinninghall.语法串讲1.用could,should提建议could和should都是情态动词，后接__________________could和should用于陈述句中的辨析在陈述句中，could用来____________________________________，向对方提供一个选择的内容，“可以，不妨”，should表示____________________________________，指按照常理该怎么样，“应该”Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.我们不妨给校长写封信。Weshouldwritealettertotheheadmaster.沃恩应该给校长写封信。could和should用语疑问句中的用法1）在疑问句中，could用于以委婉语气向别人提出要求、建议或劝告，此时could不表示过去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用can’t或sorry.——CouldIhaveacupoftea?——Yes,youcan./Sure.在疑问句中，should只用于主语为第一人称的时候，表示征询意见或建议，语气比could委婉。——ShouldIopenthewindow?——OK.【练习】用should或could填空——_______Itakethebooksoutoftheroom?——No,youcan’t.You________speakEnglishinEnglishclass._______youpleasehelpmewithmyChinese?Ifyougooutatnight,you_______tellyourparents.I’mnotsureifyou_______tellherthenews.2.Whydon’tyoudo…?【解析】Whydon’tyoudo…?是常见的提建议的句型，该句型还可以用来发出礼貌的邀请。同样表示征求对方意见的句型：______________________…?/______________________…?②______________________…?______________________.④______________________【做一做】1.Whynot________(wear)ahat?Goodidea.2.Howabout___________(visit)ourteacher?Thatsoundsgood.3.Let’s__________(take)thedogforawalk.Sorry,Ican’t.4.Wouldyoumindmy__________(open)thedoor?Ofcoursenot.5.Wouldyoulike____________(come)tomyparty?I’dloveto,but…1.Tomorrowwillbesunny.Howabouthavingapicnicinthepark?_________________ButIhavetopreparefortomorrow’sexam.A.I’dlove. B.I’dloveto.C.That’sright.2.Anew3Dmovieison.Shallwegoandseeitthisweekend?--____!What’sit?A.Imustbegoingnow B.Youareright C.Whynot D.Mypleasure3.Look!It’srainingheavily.____takearaincoatwithyou?Well,I’lltakeonerightnow.A.WhynotB.Whydon’tC.WouldyoumindD.Wouldyoulike4.A:Wouldyouliketodancewithme? B:.Ihavetoomuchhomework.A.Sorry,Ican’t. B.Ofcoursenot. C.That’sOK. D.I’dliketo.过关检测(TEST）Time：Score：Name：Marks：_________1.Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhimswimmingalone.A.goes B.togo C.going D.go2.givehimawatch?A.Whatabout B.Let’s C.Whydon’t D.Whydon’tyou3.Youcouldsavesomemoneyyoucanbuyagiftforyourmother.A.inorderto B.because C.so D.sothat4.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.A.Although；but B.Although；/C.Because；so D.Because；/5.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising D.surprises6.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?A.workonit B.workoutit C.workitout D.workforit7.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom’sbrother.A.old B.older C.elder D.young8.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.A.alone；alone B.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonely D.lonely；alone9.Heshouldtheteacher.A.explain B.explainto C.explained D.explainedto10.—What’swrong?—Ican’tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthismorning.A.leave B.forget C.forgot D.left11.I’mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.A.maybe B.maybe C.may D.is12.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.A.compares B.complains C.tells D.makes13.Isthereinthisstory?A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anythingwonderful14.Itistooloud.Pleasetheradio.A.turnon B.turnoff C.turndown D.turnup15.Couldyouplease_______thatmeetingfrommyschedule?A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutup16.InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.Idon’tagree.Speakingis____reading.A.asimportantasB.themostimportantC.thesame17.Maybeyoushould__________.A.callinherB.callupherC.callherup18.Charles’cousinisthesameage________him.Theygetonwell______eachother.A.as,withB.as,onC.as,in19._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.For20.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.unless21.I___________homeuntilfinishmyhomework.A.won’tgoB.willgoC.goD.went22.They’re____________.A.enoughbusyB.busyenoughC.enoughbusiesD.busytoenough23.Wefoundhissister_____hereatthatmoment.A.playB.playedC.playing24.Yesterday,theytalkedaboutsomethingimportant______thephone.A.inB.ofC.on25.Shelooked________whensheheardthe_______news.A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising课后作业大挑战 14-year-oldboyfromtheUSAwasdescribedasahero(英雄)yesterdayafterhesavedthelifeofawomaninanothercountry．DeanBlueyfromDallas，Texas，wasaschoolboywhohasmuch

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incomputer．Oneday，he

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anemailtoafriendontheInternet．Suddenlyhereceivedamessagesaying“Help!Pain!Help!”．ThemessagewasfromFinland，

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kilometersawayfromAmerica．“Ididn'tknow

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Ishoulddo，”Deansaidtoareporterafterwards．“Itwasreallydifficulttotellifthemessagewasreal．”SoDeandidnothingatfirst．5

themessagekeptcoming．“Bythenitwaseasytoseethatsomeonewasintrouble,”Deansaid.He

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andfoundthatthesenderwasastudentcalledTarja,whowasaloneinauniversitylibrary.Shewasill.Whatwas

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,therewasnophonearoundher.Heronlywayofcommunicatingwiththeworldwasbye-mail.Dean

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thepoliceimmediately.Andtheyrealizedthatthesituationwasquiteserious.TheycalledthepoliceinFinland.Thenanambulancehurriedtothelibrary.

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,shewasstillaliveandwassenttothehospitalquickly.

“I'mgladshe'sOK,”Deansaid.“It'shardtobelieve,but

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savedherlife.”A．interest

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D．easier8．A．contacted

B．invited

C．interviewed D.offered9．A．Hardly

B．Happily

C．Luckily

D．Carefully10．A．aboy

B．doctors

C．thepolice

D．email完成对话：Boy1:Hey,Peter,_____________________________?Boy2:Ihadanargument__2___mybestfriend._____________________________?Boy1:Well,youshould___4__himaletter.Boy2:Idon'tthinkso.Idon'tlikewritingletters.Boy1:_____________________________.Boy2:No,Idon'twant__6___talkaboutit_7____thephone.Boy1:Well,youshouldsayyou'resorry.Boy2:Yes,IknowIshould,butit'snoteasy.Boy1:Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.Boy2:IguessIcould,butIdon'twantto_8____him.Boy1:Hey,Iknow.Youcouldgivehimatickettoaballgame.Boy2:Well,_____________________________,butIdon'thave__10___money.阅读理解ADearDr.Smith,Mymomalwayskeepsaskingme,“What’sgoingon?”IfIwanttogo