电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchand

电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来-eResearchand2023/12/28电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandSomeopeningquestions开场问题WhatistheroleofthelibraryinsupportingeResearch?图书馆在支援eResearch的角色是什么?Whatshouldtherolebe?任务是?WhatdoesPhilipBourne’svisionofjoined-updataandresearchoutputsmeanforlibraries?PhilipBourne连结资料及研究成果的构想,对图书馆有何意义?Whatissuesareattachedtolong-termfundingandsustainabilityofcurrentefforts?什么议题跟维持稳定的资金来源及持续当前的努力有密切关系?Whatarethefutureskillrequirementsoflibrariansinthisenvironment?Whoisprovidingtheeducationandtraining?在这种新环境下,图书馆员在将来该具备什么技巧?谁负责教育和培训?Whatarethefutureskillrequirementsofscientists?Whoistrainingthem?科学家在将来该具备什么技巧?谁负责教育和培训?Whataretherisksofmakingsubstantialinvestmentinthisarea?Andnot?投资在这方面有何风险?电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandResearchers’UseofAcademicLibrariesandtheirServices研究人员对学术图书馆及其服务的使用CommissionedjointlybetweenRINandCURL由RIN及CURL联合资助Evidencebasefordevelopmentofpolicyandstrategy发展政策及策略的理据基础Whatareacademiclibrariesforinachangingworld?在转变的世界中,学术图书馆是?Howaretheydevelopingtheirservicesandstrategiesforsupportingresearchers?图书馆该怎样去发展服务和策略去支援科研?Howareresearchersmakinguseofthoseservices?研究人员如何去使用这些服务?Howmightlibrariesandtheirserviceschangeforthefuture?图书馆和服务怎样去改变,为将来作准备?电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandWeeklyvisitstothelibrary

每星期使用图书馆次数电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandUsefulnessofprintresources

印刷资源的可用性电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandDigitalfindingaids数位查检工具电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandEnd-usersearchingofCD-ROMdatabases

终端用戶检索光盘数据库20042007-082005200219971992Earlydevelopmentofonlinejournals电子期刊发展初階Demandforelectronicratherthanprint(newissues)对电子资料需求较印刷本(新刊)多Demandforelectronicratherthanprint(completebackfiles)对电子资料需求较印刷本(所以过刊)多InstitutionalrepositoriesElectronicdocumentdelivery机构典藏文献传遞服务OneloginforeverythingEverythingelectronicSeamlessinterface

用戶一站式登录所有资料电子化无缝连接Changinguserdemands读者需要的改变电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandShiftsinknowledgeproduction

知识产业的转变Mode1andMode2Mode1及Mode2“Traditionalscience”andreflexiveresearch传统科学及自反式研究Triplehelixofoverlappinginterests(university,governmentandindustry)兴趣重迭的三角螺旋(大学、政府、工业)电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandFundingstructuresandrequirements1

资本架构及需求1Externalfunding外来资金Diversesourceoffunding不同的资金来源Government政府Not-for-profit非牟利团体Industry工业Economicoutcomes经济成果increasewealthcreation&prosperity促进创富及繁荣improvenation’shealth,environment&qualityoflife改善健康、环境及生活质素Innovation创新Improvedcompetitiveness增强竞争力“Commercialisation”ofresearch研究商品化Less“curiosity-driven”activity少因好奇心推动的活动电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandFundingstructuresandrequirements2

资本架构及需求2Evaluation,evaluation,evaluation…评估,评估,评估…intellectualmerit知识优势cost-effectivenessor“valueformoney”具成本效益的economicandsocialrelevance符合经济社会Requirementsofresearchassessment研究评审的要求increasedquantityofpublishedoutputs增加出版increased“quality”ofoutputs提高成果的质量Compliancerequirements规范的要求publishedoutputsinopenaccess出版成果开放取阅storageandre-useofdatasets存放及重用资料档电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandDiverselocationofresearch(university,hospital,industry,researchinstitutes)多元研究点(大学、医院、工业、研究所)Collaborationamongstteams跨团队合作Interdisciplinarityandtransdisciplinarity跨学科及超学科Focusonproblemsratherthantechniques专注在问题多於技术Changingmodesofcommunication(moreinformalandICTbased)改变沟通模式Guardingofintellectualproperty保护知识产权Emergingpractice当前做法电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandImplicationsforlibraries

对图书馆的影响Broad-basedcollections收藏基础广泛Greaterneedforinformationspecialist需要更多资讯专家Informationskillstrainingindisciplinarylandscapes学科环境中的信息技术培训Remoteaccess–sometimesoverseas远程访问─海內外Licenceissuesforcollaborators协作者的权限认可问题电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandResearchassessmentexercises

研究评审运动UKResearchAssessmentExercise(1980s)英国研究评审运动(1980年代)NewZealandPerformanceBasedResearchFund(2003/2006)新西兰绩效研究基金(2003/2006)AustraliaResearchQualityFramework(2008)澳洲研究质量准则(2008)Portfolioofevidence;metrics有关的资料、根据/尺度电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandImplicationsforlibraries

对图书馆的影响Institutionalfocusonresearchmayreducefundingtosupportteaching院校专注研究或会削減教学经费Pressureonresearchersmayrequirelibrariestobecomemorestudentfocussed加诸研究人员的压力或会使图书馆聚焦于学生Emergenceofe-learning电子化学习成为当前急务Greaterdemandforresearchcollections加大研究馆藏需要Focusoncollectionsforimmediateuseratherthan“just-in-case”馆藏重视即时需要而非庋藏Licenceissuesforoverseascollaboration海外合作的权限认可电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandPlayersintheformalscholarlycommunicationprocess

正式学术交流进程的参与者Funders基金establishresearchpriorities厘定研究优次provideresources提供资源Scholars学人doresearch进行研究writearticlesand撰写论文providequalityassurancethroughpeerreview,透过专家评审提供质量保证Publishersandlearnedsocieties出版人及学术社群accumulate积累copy-edit拷贝编校providequalityassurancethroughpeerreview透过专家评审提供质量保证produce生产market营销distribute,分发Academiclibraries学术图书馆buy购买archive存档provideaccess提供存取电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandICTande-researchICT及电子化研究Democratisationofinformalnetworks非正式网络的普及化“De-formalisation”offormalnetworks正式网络的非正式化openpublishingandself-archiving开放出版及自行存档openpeerreview开放专家评审blogsanddiscussionboards博客及讨论站Pervasiveness渗透性Inter-andmulti-disciplinary跨学科及多元学科Mainstream主流电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandImplicationsforlibraries

对图书馆的影响Changingpatternofuse–whatfuturethephysicallibrary?改变使用模式:未来的实体图书馆是?NeedforbroadICTinfrastructure需要宽带ICT的基础设施Never-endingdemandfore-content对电子资源有无尽的索求Never-endingsupplyofe-content电子资源无限量供应Datacurationandrepositories资料保护及储存Informationliteracy资讯素养Budgetpressures财政压力电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandCrisisinscholarlypublishingsystem(1)

学术出版系统的危机Numbersoftitlesaresoaring出版种数激增Tenure刊期researchassessment研究评审Deathofscholarlymonograph?学术书籍消亡?newbreedofjournals新类型期刊出版e-publishingonly只提供电子版universities/funderssubsidisecostsforsometitles大学或基金要支持某些期刊的经费Inflationratesforbooksandjournalaresoaring书刊售价暴涨Librariescannotkeepup图书馆赶不上电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandDecreaseinpurchasingpower(1)

购买力減少(1)电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandDecreaseinpurchasingpower(2)

购买力減少(2)电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandCrisisinscholarlypublishingsystem(2)

学术出版系统的危机(2)Scholarshavelostcontroloftheformalcommunicationsystem学人失去正式交流系统的控制权learnedsocietiessellofftitles学术社团卖断书籍peerreviewprocesssecretiveandbiased;unabletodetectfraud专家评审过程诡秘及充满偏见；无法去发现欺诈Commercialpublishershavetakenover商业出版人已接手scholarlyinformationascommodity学术资源商品化scholarsfreelygivingawaytheirresearchoutputs;librariesbuyingitfrompublishers;funderspaytwice学人免费提供研究成果；图书馆购自出版人,双重支出电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandCrisisinscholarlypublishingsystem(3)

学术出版系统的危机(3)Problemswithpublishinginatraditionalmodel用传统模式出版的问题spaceconstraintsandhighrejectionratesfrompremiumjournals局限于空间及优质期刊的高退回率slowtoproduce出产缓慢fewermonographspublished书籍出版減少nomoneytopaypagecharges缺资金去支付版费noappropriateoutletformultidisciplinaryresearch跨学科研究缺适合的出版渠道电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandCrisisinscholarlypublishingsystem(4)

学术出版系统的危机(4)Electronicpublications电子出版Fasterturn-aroundofsubmission/revision/publication遞交/修订/出版的周期快Models模式Asasupplementtotraditionalprintjournal(withfullcontentorpartcontentine-format);subscriptionbased(majorityofcommercialpublications)作为印刷本的补充(全文或部分)；订购为主(主要为商业出版)Electroniconlypublication;subscriptionbased只有电子版,订购为主Openaccess公开存取Digitalversionsofprintjournals“freetoair”(e.g.BMJ)印刷本的免费电子版Openaccesse-onlyjournals(PubMedCentral)公开存取的电子版(无印刷版)Whopays?谁付钞?Self-archiving自行存档institutionalorsubjectrepositories机构或科目典藏pre-printarchives待出版档poorknowledgeofcopyright欠缺版权保护意识slowuptakebyresearchers研究人员接受缓慢电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandImplicationsforlibraries

对图书馆的影响Budgetpressures财政压力Balancebetweenprintandelectronic印刷资料及电子资料的平衡Balancebetweenjournalandbook期刊与书的平衡Promotionofopenaccess鼓励开放存取Futuresustainabilityofopenaccess开放存取的未来保育电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandWhatdoacademicswant?学人需要什么?Moreelectroniccontentfromdesktop更多就手的电子资源Continuing/long-termaccess长期不断的存取Maintainingauthenticityandintegrityofe-resources维持电子资源的可靠性及完整性Electronicaccesstoprimarymaterials电子化存取原始资料Morebackfiles(e.g.popularityofJSTOR)更多过刊Customisation规范化“In-time”service及时的服务电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandImplicationsforlibraries对图书馆的影响Liaison联络Publishersofcontent內容出版人SupportforCyberinfrastructure网络设施的支持Onlineaccesstocompleteback-archivesofliterature.线上存取完整的文学过刊Stewardshipandcurationservicesforenormouscollectionsofscientificdata.对庞大的科技资讯提供管理及保存Digitalrepositoriesfordiversedigitalobjectsasinstructionalmaterialandworksinprogress.电子化典藏所有电子数据如教材及待完成的资料Digitizedspecialcollections.将特藏数码化Morecontinuous(vs.batch)andopenformsofscholarlycommunication.更多持续及开放形式的学术交流Individualandcommunitycustomizationinformationservices.个人及社会熟习资讯服务Licensingandaccess认证及存取电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandInformalcommunicationnetworks

非正式交流网络Librariescannot(andshouldnot)ignore绝不能忽视图书馆Whatisourrole?我们的角色是?Blogs,wikis,mail部落格,wikis,电邮Web2.0andsocialnetworkingWeb2.0及社会网络电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandApathwayforthefuture未来之路Understandtheresearchers’experiences了解研究人员的经验Integratewiththeirworkflow–usingtheWeb2.0mentality用Web2.0的思维去融合他们的工作流程Playtoourcorestrengths悉力以赴/photos/thevoyagers/398768220/电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandResearchers’comments

研究人员的评语Thegeneralpositionoftheoldergenerationactivescholarwhoseexperiencehasnotpreparedthemforthecomputeragedeservesalittleattention应对未惯使用电腦的前辈学人提供协助Whilethereareexcellente-resourcesavailable,itdependscompletelyonone’shomeinstitutionastowhetheryouhaveaccesstothem纵使优质的电子资源,也要看学人的所属机构有沒有配备及他们是否有权去存取AsanindependentscholarIamconcernedthatIdonothavetheequalaccesstoelectronicresourceswhichIdotoprintandmanuscriptmaterial独立学人会关心自己取用电子资源会不会有限制电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandDotheyfindwhattheywant?

学人找到他们要的资料吗?Notatallexpert:不是所有学人都是资讯专家Usewhatthey’vealwaysused沿用从前的方法UseGoogle–alot大量使用Google‘Goodenough’tendency易于满足Contrary:askforFTd/bsandthensayWoSisenough相反：要求全文数据库,然后指WoS已足夠Easilydeterred:障碍Remoteholdings远距庋藏Locallyheldmicroform,microfilm本地的缩微膠片/卷Locally-heldprint印刷本电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandEaseofaccessofelectronicmaterials

存取电子资源的容易度54%couldaccesse-resourceseasily54%可容易地存取电子资源Barriersincluded:障碍包括Lackofinstitutionalsubscriptionduetocostorlimiteddemand少机构订阅因价钱或需要有限Accessrestrictedorinconvenient–institutionalmembersonlyorin-libraryonly有使用限制或不方便：只许机构成员或在馆內使用Difficultyindiscoveringwhat’savailable了解所有可提供的资料有难度Difficultiesinusing–e.g.gatewaystofull-textcontent使用遇上困难─如全文数据的门戶Onlineversionsincompleteorpoorquality–e.g.imagesofartworks线上版本不完整或质量低─如艺术影像电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchand我的经验重用寻找收集反馈分享标示上载电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandAustralianresearcherswillenhancetheircontributiontoworld-classresearchendeavoursandoutcomes,throughtheuseofadvancedandinnovativeinformationandcommunicationstechnologies.澳洲研究人员会使用先进和创新的资讯科技去提升他们的研究,为世界一流的科研作贡献电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandMoredatawillbecreatedinthenextfiveyearsthanhasbeencollectedinthewholeofhumanhistory.Properlymanaged,thisdatawillformamajorresourceforAustralianresearchers.未来五年生产的数据会较过去整个人类史的多。只要处理恰当,这些数据会成为澳洲科研人员的主要资源电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandItisenvisagedthatthesharingofprimarydatawouldpreventunnecessaryrepetitionofexperimentsandenablescientiststobuilddirectlyoneachothers’work,creatinggreaterefficienciesandproductivityintheresearchprocess.相信分享原始数据，可避免重复实证,使科研人员可在他人的成果和经验上钻研,免走弯路和得到更多成果。电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandResearch“stuff”研究材料Researchactivityinuniversitiesisgeneratingvastquantitiesofmaterial,almostentirelyindigitalform大学的研究活动产生大量资料,几乎都是电子化的Researchoutputs(publications,pre-prints,thesesetc)研究成果(出版物、预印刊物、论文)Researchdata(forecastofnPB/annum)研究数据Researchmaterialrepurposedaslearningobjects研究资料转化为学习对象Researchofficedata–HERDC,RQF,grantsmanagementetc公共研究数据Wealsobuy/accessvastquantitiesofexternalcontenttosupportresearch也购买/存取大量校外资料去支持研究电子化研究及学术图书馆的未来eResearchandManagementimplications

对管理的影响Weneedtomanagetheseeffectively需要对资源有效管理Tomaximiseresearchimpact扩大研究果效Enables