北京高考英语真题及答案解析汇编：七选五（2017-2021年）

七选五

(2017年北京真题〉

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfbggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedto

sleep,theydiewithinamonth.(71)

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.(72)Weknowthat,while

awake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(力口强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthe

memoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingfbratheoiythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)

inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.

______(73)

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.(74)Thesynapsesinthemice

takenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showing

thattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharder

thenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornew

experiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthe

synapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayed

thesamesize.(75)“Youkeepwhatmatters,“Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.

B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F.”Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G.Tononi9steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

（2018年北京真题）

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthese

causescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangry

aretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征)，andourassessmentofsituations.(51)

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.

However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencing

physicalpain,andmuchmore.(52)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingand

othersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohave

personalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelyto

getangry.(53)Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,but

ratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccuiTed.

(54)Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.

Sometimesignoranceandnegative(1肖极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.

(55)However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforanger

toappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateour

levelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsfor

ourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeel

angry.

E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundof

yourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselves

withacriticaleye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmay

ormaynottriggeranother.

(2019年北京真题)

Muchoftheworkintoday?sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethe

bestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.(46)

Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

(47)Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.For

footballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothe

pointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginsto

decline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeeps

improvingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformance

byateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions.

(48)Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.

Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereis

toomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentask

interdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpoint

total,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affecting

theteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIin

TEAM."(49)

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakeless

effort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔7可比赛)，wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepulls

theropewithlessforce.

(50)AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousB

playersaswell.

A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers9attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

(2020年北京真题)

Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandand

ignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayan

individualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoften

unawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(46)

Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveview

onanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.

Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandin

whattheydo.

(47)Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans(寿命)，lowerratesof

depressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheart

problems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.

(48)Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedby

strongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbuffer(缓冲作用)

againstdepressionandanxiety.Resilient(适应，性强的)peoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreat

everyproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityfbr

personalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditional

stress.(49)

Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesand

improvingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenan

individualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(50)Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingway

bringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.

A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.

B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.

C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.

D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.

E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividuafsbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.

F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.

G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.

(2021年北京真题)

Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimefbrmanypeople.(35)The

mentalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmany

otherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

(36)However,fbrthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.

Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.

This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.(37)Whilethe

validityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.

Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelp

withhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.

Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation(推测)thatit'snotthestyleofmusic,but

ratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participants

listenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.(38)On

theotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants9stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerand

theeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

(39)Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbe

beneficialfbr,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.

A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.

B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.

C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.

D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.

E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.

F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.

G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.

专题04七选五

(2017年北京真题)

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedto

sleep,theydiewithinamonth.(71)

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.(72)Weknowthat,while

awake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(力口强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthe

memoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)

inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.

______(73)

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.(74)Thesynapsesinthemice

takenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showing

thattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharder

thenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation-ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornew

experiences.

Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthe

synapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayed

thesamesize.(75)“Youkeepwhatmatters/9Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.

B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.

C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.

D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.

E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.

F.”Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning/9saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.

G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.

71.【答案】C

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前一句；考查方式：前后内容的相关性。空

前句中举例说明了实验室小白鼠不睡觉导致寿命变短的事实，横线处的例子和前句内容并列,

句型一致；故此题正确答案是C。

7

72.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前一句和空后一句；考查方式：上下文逻辑。

空前句说明睡眠能够加强记忆，横线处以学生睡眠后考试成绩优异的现象为例，来说明睡眠

加强记忆的观点。此外，空后句也表明人们在睡觉醒来后，相对更新鲜的记忆会被加强，也

是对横线处例子的进一步解释；故此题正确答案是E。

73.【答案】F

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：文章第四段开头句；考查方式：代词指代。第

四段第一句中第一次出现了人称代词he,应该明确指代横线处的人物GiulioTononi,上下文

内容应该一致；故此题正确答案是F。

74.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：句子在段落中的作用。

空后内容讲述了相关实验的具体过程和结果，横线处的内容是对后文内容的概括，也是对前

文的过渡；故此题正确答案是G。

75.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：前后文逻辑。空后句内

容"YoukeepwhatmattersM表明人们保留了最重要部分的记忆,和B选项中"thebrainis

preservingitsmostimportantmemories”内容一致；故此题正确答案是B。

8

(2018年北京真题)

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthese

causescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangry

aretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征)，andourassessmentofsituations.(51)

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.

However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencing

physicalpain,andmuchmore.(52)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingand

othersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohave

personalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelyto

getangry.(53)Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,but

ratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.

(54)Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.

Sometimesignoranceandnegative(1肖极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.

(55)However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforanger

toappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateour

levelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsfor

ourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeel

angry.

E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundof

yourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselves

withacriticaleye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmay

ormaynottriggeranother.

51.【答案】F

9

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前两句；考查方式：与上文承接。首段第二

句话说明了解愤怒的原因有助人们检测自己的行为并纠正坏习惯，第三句话具体分析了愤怒

产生的原因，即触发事件、个性特征以及对客观情况的评估。F选项中的Understandingthese

reasons与第二句中的Knowingthesecauses以及第三句中的mainreasons对应，同时F选

项中的controlourownanger和第二句中的correctbadhabites对应，另外F选项中的

evaluateourselves和第二句中的examineourbehavior对应；故正确答案是F。

52.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：句意复现。空后句说明

的是一些人容易受到触发事件影响而其他人不会受到影响的原因与个人历史以及心理特征

有关，G选项中的whattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother与空后句中的

someoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersiirenot对应；故正确答案是G。

53.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前及空后各一句；考查方式：原词复现。空

前句说明具有某些性格特征的人更容易生气，E选项中的Havingthesepersonalitytraits与空

前句中的havepersonalitytraits一致，同时，E选项中的pre-angerstate与空后句中的

pre-anger以及butratheracontemporarystate-致；故正确答案是E。

54.【答案】A

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：与下文承接。空后两句

说明某些平常事件会产出愤怒情绪，有时候无知以及对于事件的负面看法也会导致愤怒出现,

同时结合首段提出的主要原因有assessmentofsituations可知，空格处的句子应说明个人对

于事件的评估也会导致愤怒情绪的产生；故正确答案是Ao

55.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：与下文承接。根据空后

句的However可知，空格处的句子应与空后句内容产生转折关系，D选项中的maybepeople

thinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry与空后句内容“了解愤怒的原因后以便阻止愤怒情绪

的产生”互为转折关系；故正确答案是D。

（2019年北京真题）

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethe

io

bestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.(46)

Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

(47)Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.For

footballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothe

pointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginsto

decline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeeps

improvingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformance

byateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协'调)theiractions.

(48)Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.

Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereis

toomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentask

interdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpoint

total,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affecting

theteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIin

TEAM."(49)

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakeless

effort.Justasinagameoftug・of・war(拔＞可比赛)，wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepulls

theropewithlessforce.

(50)AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousB

playersaswell.

li

A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers9attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

46.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承上启下。空前一

句表明，“人们普遍认为构建优秀团队最好的方式是聚集顶级人才”，空后一句表明，“公司花

费天价雇佣顶级商业人才”，B选项说的是“球队所有者花费数百万美金招纳顶级球员”，与

前句形成承接，同时与后句出现的"CompaniesspendmillionsM形成并列关系；故正确答案

是Bo

47.【答案】E

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：引出下文。段首句一般

为文段的概括，引出下文。选项E“近来一些研究检测了天才在体育界的作用”，其中的名词

“studies”对应空后一句的代词“they”；故正确答案是E。

48.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下

文。空前一句表明，“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索队员的协调程度对团队表现的影响”

中的ucoordinatetheiractionsM与选项G“taskinterdependencen文意对应，同时空后举例论

证选项G的观点；故正确答案是G。

49.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文。空前一句表

明“年幼的儿童在学习团体运动时经常被告知，在团队中没有，我"，这句引语对应选项D的

principle"；故正确答案是D。

50.【答案】F

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：引起下文。段首句一般

为文段的概括，引出下文。选项中表明“建立一个梦之队比仅仅是招聘最好的人才更繁琐”,

12

空后一句表明“一个优秀团队要求平衡一一不仅有优秀运动员也需要一些资质平平的运动员”,

选项与后文的文意匹配；故正确答案是Fo

(2020年北京真题)

Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandand

ignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayan

individualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoften

unawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(46)

Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveview

onanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.

Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandin

whattheydo.

(47)Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans(寿命)，lowerratesof

depressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheart

problems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.

(48)Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedby

strongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbuffer(缓冲作用)

againstdepressionandanxiety.Resilient(适应性强的)peoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreat

everyproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityfor

personalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditional

stress.(49)

Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesand

improvingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenan

individualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(50)Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingway

bringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.

13

A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.

B.Negativeself^talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.

C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.

D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.

E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.

F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.

G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.

46.【答案】B

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承上启下。空前一

句意思是，“自我对话是一个人对某些事件、现象、人物群体乃至自身无意识、不确定而产生

的连续思维意识流”，以此引出“self-talk”；空后一句意思是，“与此同时，积极的思维方式

有助于阻止消极性的自我对话，并有助于人们对事物形成积极性的观点”，B选项说的是“消

极性自我对话破坏自信心和自尊心”,与前句的引入性内容形成逻辑顺承，同时与后句positive

thinking的好处构成逻辑衔接；故正确答案是Bo

47.【答案】D

【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：引出下文。段首句一般

为文段或空后几句的概括，引出下文。选项D”积极性思维对身心有着多重益处”，后面一

句的意思是“有着积极性思维的人往往更长寿、抑郁焦虑度低、整体健康状况更优且重度心

脏病发病率低”，可以看出，D中beneficialeffects与后句正向影响对应，故正确答案是D。

48.【答案】C

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下

文。空前一句表明，“积极性思维对一个人的危机处理能力也非常有助益”，空后一句又举例

说“研究人员发现，在伴有强烈情绪波动的危机面前，积极性思维可以极好地帮助人们对抗

抑郁和焦虑的发生"，C选项"it”对应前面的positivethinking,“difficultsituation，T对应后

面的crisis等困难状况。前句的contributeto和选项中的help与后句表达均为正向作用的

对应；故正确答案是Co

49.【答案】G

【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文。空前一句表

明''悲观主义者与乐观主义者的表现完全相反，他们往往把问题看做额外的压力”，而G选

14

项的意思是“他们在尝试解决很小的问题前，往往就会感到沮丧”，G选项“they”

对应前面的“pessimists”，前一句的uadditionalstress^和G选项中的“feeldiscouraged”同

为负面态度的对应；故正确答案是Go

50.【答案】A

【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前两句，空后一句；考查方式：承上启下。

选项A的意思是“它也不会导致任何严重的情绪问题”，空前两句的意思是“总而言之，积

极性思维是人们处理问题和提升自身生活品质的重要工具，它和个人对问题视而不见的盲目

乐观没什么关系”；空后一句意思是“以一种积极的自我鼓励的方式思考，可以非常有益于

我们的身心健康”，选项A与前后文的文意匹配度非常高，同时，"doesn'thave"和选项

中“doesn'tcause,•,either,,也有结构对应，A选项中的“It”也体现了代词的明显指代性功

能；故正确答案是Ao

(2021年北京真题)

Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.(35)The

mentalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmany

otherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

(36)However,fbrthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.

Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.

This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.(37)Whilethe

validityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.

Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusicev