选择性必修第四册

PAGE第129页共129页选择性必修❹UNIT1Lookingforwards一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．bullfightingn． 斗牛2．complexadj. 复杂的3．divergev. (两条路)岔开，分开4．undergrowthn. (卡在大树下或周边的)下木层，下层灌木丛5．numerousadj. 许多的，很多的6．commercialn. (电视或电台的)商业广告7．dilemman. 进退两难的境地，困境8．refreshmentsn. 茶点，点心和饮料(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．boyhoodn． (男性的)童年时期，少年时代2．dotn. 点，小圆点3．backwardsadv. 往回，往前面4．alternativen. 可供选择的事物5．arisev. (由……)引起6．circumstancen. 情况，情形7．shiftn. (工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．ambitionn．追求，理想→ambitiousadj.有雄心的，有野心的2．trainv．培养；训练；瞄准→traineen.接受工作培训的人；实习生→trainern．教员；教练员；驯兽师3．correspondvi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于→correspondentn．通讯员，记者→correspondencen．来往信件，通信联系4．historyn．历史，历史学→historicaladj.(有关)历史的→historicadj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的5．detectv．侦察；发现；察明→detectiven．私家侦探6．ultimateadj.最后的，最终的→ultimatelyadv.最后，最终7．admitv．允许，承认→admissionn．允许进入(加入)8．participatev．参加，参与→participationn．参加，参与→participantn．参加者，参与者9．thoughtn．思考，想法→thoughtfuladj.认真思考的，深思的；体贴的→thoughtfullyadv.深思地；体贴地→thoughtfulnessn．无微不至；体谅10．symboln.象征，代表→symbolizev．象征，代表11．mixv．混合；调配→mixturen．混合；混合体12．affectv．影响；感染；感动；假装→affectionn．喜爱，钟爱→affectionateadj.表示关爱的13．qualifyv．合格，使具备资格→qualifiedadj.合格的，胜任的→qualificationn．资格，资历14．fluentadj.流利的→fluentlyadv.流利地→fluencyn．熟练，流利15．sincereadj.真诚的，诚挚的，真实的→sincerelyadv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地[语境活用]1．Overthepastcenturies,theGreatWallhasbecomeasymbolofunityandstrengthforChinesepeople.Itsymbolizesthatthegreatachievementcanbemadewithacommonwillandjoinedeffort.(symbol)2．I'msureheisqualifiedtodriveacar.Hegothisdrivingqualificationbeforehewasqualifiedasadriver.(qualify)3．Thetranscriptoftheconversationwrittenbythatcorrespondentdidnotcorrespondwiththeoriginalwords.(correspond)4．TomappliedforadmissiontothegraduateprogramatNorthwesternUniversitybutwasn'tadmittedintoitatlast.(admit)5．Nearly60participantsfromBeijingandneighboringareasparticipatedinthecompetitionlastsummer.(participate)6．Heisgoodathistory,_andiswritingahistoricalnovelaboutnineteenth­centuryFrance.(history)7．YoutookcareofmyparentsthoughtfullyandIcan'ttellyouhowmuchIappreciateyourthoughtfulness.(thought)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．ambitionn．追求，理想背词条用法(1)theambitiontodo/ofdoingsth.做某事的雄心achieveone'sambition实现抱负(2)beambitiousforsth./sb.渴望得到某物/希望某人成功背写作佳句①Ambitionplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife,becauseitisaguideforustomakedecisionsandchoices.抱负在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色，因为它是我们做出决定和选择的向导。②Shefinallyachievedherambitionofbecomingawriter.她最终实现了当一名作家的夙愿。③Theyareveryambitiousfortheirchildren.他们望子成龙心切。2．correspondentn．通讯员，记者背词条用法(1)correspondwithsb.与某人通信correspondto/withsth.与……相一致/符合correspondtosth.类似于……；相当于……(2)incorrespondencewith与……有通信联系；和……一致hold/keepupcorrespondencewith(sb.)与(某人)保持通信联系背写作佳句①Heoftencorrespondswithhisoldcomrades­in­arms.他和他的老战友们保持通信联系。②Wehavetoomanyhigh­soundingwords,andtoofewactionsthatcorrespondto/withthem.我们的言辞太多，与之对应的行动却太少。③Whatwesayshouldbeincorrespondenceto/withwhatwedo.我们应该言行一致。3．admissionn．允许进入(加入)；入场费；承认背词条用法(1)gainadmissionto/into允许进入(2)admitsb./sth.tobe＋n./adj.承认某人/某物是……admitdoing/havingdone/that...承认做过……admit(tosb.)that...(向某人)承认……(3)admitsb.to/into...准许某人进入(加入)/入学(入院)beadmittedto/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)背写作佳句①Infact,wehavetoadmitthefactthatthequalityoflifeisasimportantaslifeitself.事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。②Ifyoustudyhard,youarelikelytobeadmittedtoyourdreaminguniversity.如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。4．participationn．参加，参与背词条用法participatein(doing)sth.参加(做)某事participateinsth.withsb.和某人一起参与某事背写作佳句①AndwewillinviteallthestudentsfromtheTheBeltandRoadInitiativeexchangeprogramtoparticipatetoknowmoreaboutChineseculture.我们将邀请所有“一带一路”交流项目的学生参加，更多地了解中国文化。②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)LastSunday,ourschoolhelda5kmcross­countryrunningrace,andabout300studentsfromallgradesparticipatedintherace.上星期日，我们学校举办了一场5公里越野赛跑活动，来自各个年级的大约300名学生参加了比赛。③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)IsincerelyhopethatthefestivalwillbeagreatsuccessandI'mlookingforwardtoyourparticipation.我真诚地希望这个节日能取得圆满成功，我期待着你的参与。5．alternativen．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的背词条用法analternativeto...……的替代物(to是介词)havethealternativeofAorB要么做A，要么做B；在A或B二者中选一个havenoalternative/choice/optionbuttodosth.＝can'tdosth.butdosth.＝candonothingbutdosth.别无选择只好做某事背写作佳句①Thankyouforallowingmetodescribethesituation,whereIhadnoalternativebuttogiveuptheplan.谢谢你让我描述当时的情况，当时我别无选择，只能放弃计划。②TheInternetprovidesuswithacheapalternativetocommunicatingwithothers.互联网为我们提供了一个与他人交流的廉价选择。6.arisev．(由……)引起；出现；产生；起身；起床背词条用法arisefrom＝ariseoutof由……引起/产生if/whentheneedarises如果/当有需要时背写作佳句①Itisbelievedthataccidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.人们相信事故往往是由粗心大意引起的。②Sciencearosefrom/outofthepracticalnecessityofdealingwitheverydayproblems.科学来自处理日常问题的实际需要。③Childrenshouldbedisciplinedwhen/iftheneedarises.必要时孩子们应该受到管教。7．qualifiedadj.合格的，胜任的背词条用法(1)bequalifiedfor适合，胜任……bequalifiedtodosth.具备……的知识(或技能)；符合资格(2)qualifysb.forsth.使合格；使具备资格qualifyassth.取得资格(或学历)；合格背写作佳句①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Itisthoseadvantagesabovethatmakemequalifiedfortheposition.正是上述优势能让我胜任这份工作。②Apersonhavingappreciationofartandliteratureisqualifiedforthejob.一个具有文学艺术欣赏能力的人能胜任这项工作。③Iqualifiedasateacherlastyear.我去年获得了教师的资格。(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单元短语再认再现1．take_action 采取行动2．make_up_one's_mind 做出决定，拿定主意3．pass_up 放过，放弃，错过(机会)4．have_second_thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑5．put_off 推迟……，使……延期6．reject_..._out_of_hand 坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……7．weigh_up 仔细考虑，权衡8．in_this_respect 在这方面9．in_the_face_of 即将面对(问题、困难等)10．be_forced_to_do_sth. 被迫做某事11．take_a_leaf_out_of/from_one's_book 效仿、模仿(成功之人的举止或行为)12．insight_into 洞悉；了解13．on_a_daily_basis 每天eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重点短语拓展用活1．takeaction采取行动背相关短语takemeasures/stepstodosth.采取措施做某事takerisks(arisk)冒险takephotos/pictures照相，拍照背写作佳句①Wemusttakeactiontofightpollution.我们必须采取行动防治污染。②WearereadytohelpallcountriestakemeasurestoreducetherisksofCOVID­19.我们乐意帮助所有的国家采取措施降低新冠肺炎病毒的风险。③Wecantakestepstoprotectourselvesandthosewelove.我们能采取措施保护自己和我们爱的人。2．makeupone'smind做出决定，拿定主意背相关短语haveinmind考虑到，想到bear/keep...inmind记住changeone'smind改变主意bringsth.tomind使想起某事cometomind突然出现在脑海里背写作佳句①Timeisrunningshort;wemustmakeupourmindaboutit.时间很急促，我们必须对那件事下决心。②Justtellusthecoloranddesignyouhaveinmind.we'llchangethemaccordingly.把你心里想的颜色和式样告诉我们，我们将作相应的修改。③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'llkeephiskindnessandhelpinmindforever.我会永远记住他的好意和帮助。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材内句式举一反三1．Canwetakeactiontoshapeit，orshouldwejustacceptwhatevercomesourway？(whatever引导名词性从句)我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢？佳句①Hehasdeterminedtoholdonthisjobwhateverdifficultieshemightruninto.无论遇到什么困难，他都决心坚持这项工作。佳句②(2019·浙江高考写作)Istillrememberyoudidwhateveryoucould(do)toimprovemyoralEnglishandEnglishwritingduringyourstayhere.我还记得你在这里期间，为了提高我的英语口语和英语写作水平，你做了一切你能做的事情。2．Onleavinghighschool,hejoinedalocalKansasnewspaperasatraineereporter.(upon/on＋n./doing...)高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。佳句①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Uponourarrival,wewerealldeeplyattractedbywhatwesaw.当我们到达时，我们都被我们所看到的深深吸引了。佳句②On/Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.一完成学业，他就开始了中国之旅。3．Itiscrucialforteenagerstodevelopintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsociety.(It＋is/was＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.)青少年成长为成熟和负责任的社会成员是至关重要的。佳句①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Further,itisnecessaryforyoutotakeagoodrest,whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.此外，对你来说有必要好好休息，这将为你提供足够的能量。佳句②Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主题佳句熟读成诵1．EnglishismyfavouritesubjectandI'vewonseveralprizesinEnglishcontests.SoIthinkthatI'mqualifiedfortheposition.英语是我最喜爱的学科，我曾数次在英语竞赛中获奖，因此我认为我能胜任这个职位。2．Iamconfidentthatmycombinationofpracticalworkexperienceandsolideducationalexperiencehaspreparedmeformakinganimmediatecontributiontoyourcompany.我相信我的实际工作经验和坚实的教育经历相结合已使我准备好立即为贵公司做出贡献。3．Personally，Iprefertoworkinateam,whichoffersmeachancetolearnhowtogetalongwithothersandhowtosharemyexperiencewiththem.就我个人而言，我更喜欢团队工作的方式，这给我提供了一个机会，学习如何与人相处，如何与他们分享我的经验。(二)背主题写作——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”读后续写序列——行文衔接1．HismotheragreedwithouthesitationbecausesheknewFreddieenjoyedhimselfoutside.他的母亲毫不犹豫地同意了，因为她知道Freddie在外面玩得很开心。(表因果关系)2．Althoughshereallylikedtheseclothes,asenseofresponsibilityofcaringaboutherkidsdrovehertothinkoftherightideawherethemoneyshouldgo.虽然她真的很喜欢这些衣服，但是一种照顾孩子的责任感驱使她去想钱应该花在哪里。(表让步关系)3．Lookingattheboy,theoldmanwastoosurprisedtosayanythingandsimplysmiledintears,asnoonehadevershownhimsomuchkindness.老人望着小男孩，惊讶得说不出话来，只是含泪微笑着，因为从来没有人对他这么好。(表因果关系)4．Theboynotonlyvisitedtheoldmanfrequently,buthealsoinvitedtheoldmantojoinhisfamilyforChristmasdinner.这个男孩不但经常去看望老人，而且他还邀请老人和他家人一起吃圣诞晚餐。(表递进关系)5．ThisSantadoesnotreturntotheNorthPoleafteracrazydeliverybutliveseachdaypurposefully.Hereallylistenstofriends,andthenplansdeliberateactsofkindness.这个圣诞老人在疯狂地递送后并没有回到北极，而是有目的地过着每一天，真正倾听朋友的心声，然后计划着有意识的善举。(表转折关系)6．Wheneverhewasnearthetinyholearoundthecorner,myheartmissedabeat.Whatifhedisappearedintothenearesthole?每当他靠近角落里的那个小洞时，我的心就会漏跳一拍。如果他消失在最近的洞里怎么办？(表条件关系)7．Then,Isawafaintlight,andheardavoicecallingoutmyname.然后，我看到了微弱的灯光，听到一个声音叫着我的名字。(表并列关系)8．MyparentsscoldedmeforrunningoutofthehousesecretlybutwerealsogladthatIwasnotseriouslyinjured.父母因为我偷偷跑出家门而骂了我一顿，但也很高兴我没有受重伤。(表转折关系)9．FirstwelearnedtoreadthealphabetandthoughImademistakesattimes,noonelaughedatme.首先，我们学会了读字母表，虽然我有时会出错，但没有人嘲笑我。(表让步关系)10．Notfeelingsatisfiedheevensetuprulesastowhocouldenterthegarden,howtheymustenter,andwhattheymustfollowwhiletheywerethere.Asaresult,childrenwereforbiddentoenterandappreciatetheflowersasbefore.他不满意，甚至还定下规矩：谁可以进花园，必须怎么进花园，进花园后他们必须遵从什么。结果，孩子们像以前一样被禁止进去赏花。(表因果关系)学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识[全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Inthiscircumstance(情况),morememoryisrequired.2．Sheworkedthenightshifts(轮班)andtookverygoodcareofme.3.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly­electedmanagerisinadilemma(进退两难的境地)．4．Therewerenumerous(许多的)divingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.5．WhenIwasakid,Ilovedreadinghistory,sciencefiction,detective(侦探)stories,butespeciallycomics.6．IfyougotoHannibal,you'llseethewhitefence,whichstillstandsatTwain'sboyhood(童年时期)home.7．Myambition(理想)istoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.8．Thetaskrequiresagoodcomprehensionofcomplex(复杂的)instructions.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Hehasdeepaffection(affect)forChinaanddoesn'twanttoleave.2．Thisplantrequiresamuddysoil,thereforeamixture(mix)ofclayandsandisideal.3．Ultimately(ultimate),you'llhavetomakethedecisionyourself.4．Neverdoubtasmallgroupofthoughtful(thought)andcommittedcitizenscanchangetheworld.5．Toworkasatranslator,youneedfluency(fluent)inatleastoneforeignlanguage.6．Shehiredaprivatedetective(detect)inanattempttofindherdaughter.7.CometoDollywoodtohavefunlearningallaboutAmerica'shistorical(history)southeasternculture!8．OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations(康乃馨).Aredonesymbolizes(symbol)theloveformother.9．Wesincerely(sincere)thankthecustomersforsupportingandtrustingourwork.10.Itismylifelongambitionto_coach(coach)aleadingteam.名师点拨“一站清”(1)inadilemma“处于进退两难的境地”。注意不要遗漏冠词a。(2)affection指对某人或某事物的喜爱或深厚、温柔的感情，后常接“for＋sb./sth.”。(3)historic通常用以表示历史上著名或具有重要历史意义，侧重强调其影响性。如：ahistoriccharacter“历史名人”；historical通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实，侧重强调其真实性。如：ahistoricalnovel历史小说。(4)ambition后常用接动词不定式作表语或定语。[重点练——深化高频考点]1．correspondent[明其义]n．通讯员，记者[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Therealitydoesnotalwayscorrespondwithone'sexpectations.②Iwanttofigureoutwhyhisanswertothequestionisnotincorrespondence(correspond)withmine.(2)一句多译③据我所知，从那时起，他和欧洲最重要的学者都有书信往来。AsfarasIknow,hehas_corresponded_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.→AsfarasIknow,hehas_been_in_correspondence_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.→AsfarasIknow,hehas_held/kept_up_correspondence_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.④她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一致。Whatshehasjustsaidisn't_in_correspondence_withtheviewsofthemajority.→Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn't_correspond_with/totheviewsofthemajority.[解其困]correspondto,correspondwithcorrespond若表示“与……一致或相称”，其后可接介词to或with；若表示“与……相当或相等”，其后只接介词to；若表示“与……通信”，其后只接with。2．admission[明其义]n．允许进入(加入)；入场费；承认[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Admission(admit)toBritishuniversitiesdependsonexaminationresults.(2)完成句子②Theboyadmitted_cheating/having_cheated_in_the_exam;_hewouldneverdothatagain.那男孩承认考试作弊了；他再也不会那样做了。③Being_admitted_to_the_universityisjustthebeginningandyouwillhavealongwaytogoaheadofyou.被大学录取只是个开始，你还有很长的路要走。[解其困]admit的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式为：admitted,admitted,admitting，注意双写t。3．arise[明其义]v．(由……)引起；出现，产生；起身；起床[通其用](1)写出下列句中arise的含义①Seeinghismotherreturnhome,theboyarosefromhischairimmediately.起身②Newproblemswillariseoneafteranotherinthefuture.出现③Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark.起床④Theproblemarosefromlackofexperience.由……引起(2)选词填空(arise/rise/raise)⑤Theyaretalkingabouttheproblemsarisingoutofthelackofcommunication.⑥Wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflag,andwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.[解其困]arise,rise,raise(1)arise为不及物动词，意为“出现；发生；起因于”。主语一般为argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble等抽象名词。(2)rise为不及物动词，意为“升起；上升；起身；增长”。(3)raise为及物动词，意为“提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出”。4．qualified[明其义]adj.合格的，胜任的[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Wehavesomedoubtwhetherheisqualifiedforthejob.②Thistrainingcoursewillqualifyyouforabetterjob.(2)一句多译尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。③Youngashewas,Johnwas_equal_totheimportanttask.(equal)④Althoughhewasyoung,Johnwas_fit_fortheimportanttask.(fit)⑤Youngashewas,Johnwas_qualified_fortheimportanttask.(qualified)学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力[词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空takeaction，makeupone'smind，passup，havesecondthoughts，putoff，reject...outofhand，weighup1.Theyhadintendedtogointothecountryfortheday,butwereput_offbythetrafficjams.2．Wecouldsaythattheofferwasjusttoogoodtopass_up.3.Well,doyouhave_second_thoughtsaboutcomingbacknextyear?4．Ifyoudonotwanttodothat,rejectthemout_of_hand.5.It'stimeforustotake_actiontoprotectourenvironment.6.Theweatherbeingfine,wehavemade_up_our_mindstogoforapicnic.7．Employeeshavetocarefullyweigh_uptheemployer'swordsandcloselywatchtheirexpression.名师点拨“一站清”(1)putoff后接名词或动名词作宾语，如果接代词，需要放在off前。(2)havesecondthoughts表示“(经考虑后)改变想法；改变主意”的意思，为了修改已经决定的事情而提出建议。(3)takeactiontodosth.表示“采取措施做某事”，注意action用单数形式。(4)makeupone'smind短语中，如果one's是复数(如our,their)，则mind常用复数形式。

Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较takeactionVStakemeasuresVStakesteps比较①Thegovernmentshouldtake_measurestosolvesuchproblems.②Lookforanopportunitytomakeadifferencetothoseinneed,andthentake_actiontomakeithappen.③Thegovernmentshouldtake_stepstopreservethenaturalresource.辨清(1)takemeasures“采取手段，采取措施，设法，着手”；(2)takesteps“采取步骤，采取行动(或措施)”；(3)takeaction“采取行动(或措施)；提出诉讼，对……起诉，控告；开始起作用”。[句式的验收盘点]upon/on＋n./doing...[通其用]1．完成句子①Upon_his_arrivalattheoffice,herealizedthathehadlefthiscellphoneathome.他一到办公室，就意识到把手机落到家里了。②Wegotupimmediately_the_sun_appeared.太阳刚露头，我们就起床了。③The_moment_he_retired,_hecouldn'twaittoliveapeacefullifeinthecountry.一退休，他就迫不及待地想到乡村过平静的生活。④No_sooner_had_the_performance_begunthanthelightswentout.演出刚一开始灯就灭了。2．一句多译他一到车站，就发现火车已经开走了。⑤On/Upon_arriving_at_the_station,_hefoundthatthetrainhadleft.⑥On/Upon_his_arrival_at_the_station,_hefoundthatthetrainhadleft.⑦Hefoundthatthetrainhadleftthe_moment/minute/instant_he_arrived_at_the_station.⑧Hardly_had_he_arrived_at_the_stationwhenhefoundthatthetrainhadleft.[解其困](1)upon/on＋n./doing...“一……就……”，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式：①immediately/directly/instantly＋从句②themoment/minute/instant＋从句③nosooner...than.../hardly...when...(3)在nosooner...than.../hardly...when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，如果nosooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养(2017浙江6月高考·阅读理解A篇)对接主题：未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力(语篇中蓝体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)[1]eq\o(BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforart,\s\do4(1))whenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong①，thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.[3]Thecat'slot②wasabouttoimprove.③Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.[4]In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.[5]Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell­known④painter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanions⑤byday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.［析微点·厚积语言基础］通句式——句子(1)中thefatherofAmericanpainting作BenjaminWest的同位语；when引导时间状语从句。①微点拨——意义大不同：beforelong 不久以后longbefore 很久以前②微积累——熟词生义：lotpron.大量；许多(熟义)n．命运(生义)③微技法——根据上下文语境猜测句意：在做句意理解题时，一定要联系上下文语境。第22题就可以根据上下文语境得出答案。④构词法——well＋v.­ed→adj.well­knownadj. 著名的well­preparedadj. 做好充分准备的well­receivedadj. 受欢迎的；被认可的well­roundedadj. 全面的⑤微积累——company派生词companionn. 伙伴；同伴companyn. 公司；陪伴keepsb.company 陪伴某人accompanyv. 陪伴；伴随[理脉络——内化读文规律](二)解析真题——感悟素养立意[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.解析：选C主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.解析：选D句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第22题主要考查学生的逻辑性思维。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是偷偷剪掉家里的猫的毛发制作画笔的。画线句后的内容提到本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔，由逻辑思维可知：本杰明拥有了真正的画笔，不再需要猫毛制作画笔了，故猫的命运发生了改变。一些考生由于缺乏逻辑性思维，往往错选B项。二、聚焦核心价值本文通过介绍美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候学习画画的故事，激励我们要不怕困难，勇往直前，做一个对社会有所贡献的人。“一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄，一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋”，特别是在中华人民共和国成立70周年，党中央隆重表彰了一批为新中国建设和发展而做出杰出贡献的功勋模范人物。他们就是我们这个时代的英雄和先锋，竖起了中华民族伟大复兴的坚强丰碑。我们应学习他们能吃苦，勇于奉献，敢于担当，努力拼搏，不懈奋斗的精神，为中华民族的伟大复兴增砖添瓦！(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It'sausefulintroduction(introduce)toanextremelycomplexsubject.2．Whoevermadethecakeisreallyanartist(art)．3．It'samazing(amaze)thatheshouldfinishthetasksoperfectly.4．Impressedwithhisstory,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.5．Itiswell­knownthatphysicalexercisecanpromotehealth.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Theboyshowed_a_talent_for(显示出……才能)mathsatanearlyage.2．Iwas_amazed_at(对……感到惊讶)thedifferenceitmakesinmyattitudetolife.3．Don'tworry,we'llalwayskeep_you_company(陪伴你)wheneveryouareintrouble.Ⅲ.分析长难句Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.[句式解构]本句是一个主从复合句。主句是theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings。其中while引导让步状语从句，从句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。[句意翻译]尽管他很可能理解不了这两本书的内容，但是它们开启了他的古典绘画之门。Ⅳ.主题语境写作根据所给提示，用英语简单地介绍一下我国著名的农业科学家袁隆平。要点如下：1．他热衷于农业研究，经常日晒雨淋；2．他成功培育出了一种新的水稻品种，产量比普通水稻高20%；3．他认为只有成功地做成一件事，他的人生才有意义；4．作为“杂交(hybrid)水稻之父”，他将永远被人铭记。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：YuanLongping,aworld­famousagriculturalscientist,isenthusiasticaboutagriculturalstudy.Apartfromthis,heoftenexposeshimselftotherainandsunlightallday.Hardworkpaidoff.Hesucceededindevelopinganewspeciesofricewhoseyieldsare20percenthigherthancommontypesofrice.Hethoughtitmadesenseonlyifhecoulddosomethingsuccessfullyinhislife.Owingtothis,hewillalwaysberememberedas“FatherofHybridRice”．课下主题训练未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·重庆模拟)Inthefallof2017,whenPaulaAldridgeneededtogetajob,shefoundherselfatacrossroads.The50­year­oldwasn'tsureshewouldeverworkagain,duetohealthissues.ButAldridge'slifeandcareerjourneystartedtoturnaroundaftersheconnectedwithGoodwillofCentralIowa'sskillstrainingprograms.Theseprogramsaretailoredtohelppeopledevelopthekindofspecific,real­worldskillstheyneedtogetandkeepajob,throughacombinationofdetailedinstructionandhands­onexperience.WhenAldridgefirstconnectedwithGoodwillinSeptember2017,shewasdealingwithseveralbarrierstoimmediateemployment.Transportationwaschallenging,asshedidn'thaveadriver'slicenseorownacar.Aldridgealsohadalimitedworkhistorywithlongemploymentgaps(间断),meaningshemissedoutonlearningimportantskills,suchasworkingacreditcardmachine.Ontopofthat,herphysicalhealthissueswerealsoaproblem.AccordingtoKayleighDuff,acareerspecialistatGoodwillofCentralIowa,thebiggestbarrierAldridgehadtoovercomewasfromwithin.“Shesaidoutwardlythatshehadallofthisconfidenceandthatsheknewhowstrongaworkershewas,butIdon'tthinkshetrulybelieveditherself.”Thankfully,Aldridgehadplentyofpeopleonhersidetoprovidemotivationandguidance.Sheoriginallystartedoffinthefoodservicetrainingprogrambutwaseagertoentertheretail(零售)skillsprogram,sinceshehadpreviouslyworkedattheSalvationArmyandSubway.WhenAldridgementionedherinterestinretail,Duffrecognizedthathergo­gettingattitudewouldbeaperfectmatchfortheprogram.Theseven­weekretailskillstrainingisasystematicprogramcombiningclassroominstructionwithon­the­jobexperienceataGoodwillstore.AsAldridgeprogressedandgraduatedfromtheprogram,shebecamemoreconfidentinherabilities.DuffsaiditwasgreattoseehowAldridgegrewintothedevoted,drivenworkersheistoday.“Shehasthisstrongdesire,thislongingtosucceed.Andsheknowsthatshe'sabletodothat,althoughshehasfallenshortinthepast.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Goodwill的技能培训项目帮助了50岁的奥尔德里奇找工作，改变了她的生活。1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutGoodwill'strainingprograms?A．Theycombinetheorywithpractice.B．Theyguaranteeagoodjobforparticipants.C．Theyaredesignedmainlyfortheunemployed.D．Theywereestablishedintheautumnof2017.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Goodwill的培训项目是理论与实践相结合。故选A。2．WhatwasthebiggestproblemAldridgefacedaccordingtoDuff?A．Poorhealth. B．Poorworkingskills.C．Alackofconfidence. D．Alackofadriver'slicense.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段可知，奥尔德里奇必须克服的最大障碍来自内心。由此可推知，她面临的最大问题是缺乏自信。故选C。3．WhydidAldridgechangehertrainingprogram?A．Shewantedtoattendamoresystematicprogram.B．Shewantedtogainsomehands­onexperience.C．Shewasmoreinterestedinretail.D．ShefollowedDuff'sadvice.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，她对零售更感兴趣，所以她改变了培训的项目。故选C。4．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．A50­year­olddevotesherselftoGoodwill.B．Goodwillhelpsa50­year­oldturnherlifearound.C．Goodwilltrainingprogramsspringuparoundtheworld.D．Successiscloselylinkedtoappropriatetrainingprograms.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第一句并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了Goodwill的技能培训项目帮助了50岁的奥尔德里奇找工作，从而改变了她的生活。故选B。B(2021·济南模拟)“Whatisthebiggestchallengeofgraduateschool？”anundergraduateaskedthegroupofgraduatestudentsataneventIhelpedorganizelastsummer.“Notlettingthesupportfrommycommunityturnintopressure，”onememberresponded.Thatanswermighthavesurprisedsome,whoprobablyexpectedtohearaboutexperimentsthatdidn'tworkortrudgingthroughacademicmaterials.ButIunderstoodexactlywhatshemeant.Throughoutmyeducation,friendsandfamilyhaveexpectedmetotakeadvantageofeveryopportunityIcomeacrossbecauseImaynotgetthesamechanceagain.TheyexpectmetogiveoutstandingperformanceseverywhereIgobecauseIrepresentthemandourculture.Mentors(导师)expectthatIwillnevergiveup.Thishasbeenagreatsourceofmotivation,butalsoofpressure.Iremembe