医疗病房呼叫系统外文翻译文献

医疗病房呼叫系统外文翻译文献医疗病房呼叫系统外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：DesignOfMedicalWardCallSystemBasedOnPowerLineCarrierTechnologyI.INTRODUCTIONThemedicalwardcallsystemisakindofcalltoolswhenthepatientneedsaccesstocareordiagnosis,patient'srequestcanbequicklytransmittedtodoctorsornursesonduty.Itisoneofthenecessaryequipmenttoimprovethelevelofhospitalcare.Currently,therearemanymedicalwardcallsystemswithdifferenttypesanddifferentfunctiononthemarket,theyaredividedintotwocategories:thecable-typeandwireless-type[1].Traditionalcable-typemedicalwardcallsystemstendtouseacentralizedcallsystemstructure,powerlines,datacommunicationlines,voicecommunicationlinestransmitseparated,hasLinewiththelayingofmore,highcost,installationdifficulties,poorreal-time,highfailurerateandothershortcomings.Wireless-typemedicalwardcallsystemsdonotlaytheline,butitsreliabilityispoor,andradiowavescaninterferewithothermedicalinstrumentsandequipment,mosthospitaldonotusesuchwirelesscallsystem.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,peoplehavedonealotofresearchworkforpowerlinecarriecommunicationtechnology.Powerlinecarriercommunicationstechnologyreferstoameansofcommunicationwhichusespowerlinestotransferdataandmediasignal.Itloadshigh-frequencycontainsinformationoncurrent,thenusecurrenttransmission,thenusetheadapterwhichreceivesinformationtoseparatehigh-frequencyfromthecurrent,andtransferredtoacomputerortelephoneinordertoachieveinformationtransmission.Electricitysupplynetworkisthemostpopularnetworkintheworld,lowvoltagepowerlinesconnecttothousandsoffamilies,itcanbeusedfordatacommunicationandinformationtransmissionwithoutlayingdedicatedcommunicationlineandoccupyingthewirelesschannelresources[2].Therefore,ithasbecomepossiblethatusinglowvoltagepowerlinesasthetransmissionmedium,andusingspreadspectrum,digitalencoding,single-chipcontroltechnologytoachievewardcalls.Inthisstudy,thepowerlinecarriercommunicationtechnologyhasbeenappliedtowardcallsystem.Theentiresystemrequiresonlyatwo-coreshieldedcable,throughthepowercordthatthehostprovidestoeachextensionrealizetwo-waydatacommunication.Withlowcost,simpleinstallation,extensivetransmissionlines,etc,thehospitalwardhasagoodapplicationprospectinpractice.II.SYSTEMSTRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEThecallsystemmainlyconsistsofthehost,extensionsandpowerlinecarriercircuits,thehostisinstalledonthewardnursedutyroom,extensionswereinstalledintheward,ahostcancontrolmultipleextensions，一220Vcivilpowerlinesisasatransmissionchannel,inordertoachievetwo-waycommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.ThestructureofsystemisshowninFig.1.Thesystemusesacentralizedpowersupply,suppliesworkpowertowardextensionthroughthetwo-corecablebythecommunicatinghosts.Thesignalofthehosttoeachextensionthroughthepowerlinecarriercircuit,after一220Vcommercialpowerlinetransmission,achievesthehalf-duplexdatacommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.Acommunicationpacketconsistsof8bytesofdata,thefirstandsecondbytetoisthehostID,thethirdbytetoisthecommand，thefourthandfifthbyteistheextensionaddress,thesixthtoeighthbytetoisdata.Thehostsendscommanddatainabroadcast,theextensionanalysesdataafterreceivingcommunicationbag,identifywhethertheextensionaddressisitsaddress,onlyafterconfirmationtheextensionsendshisalarminformationtothehost.Thesystemusesthemaster-slavestructure,thehostsoundsandlightalarmswhenhospitalbedshavecallrequested,andshowtheoccurrencingcallextensionnumberofbedsonthedisplay.Whentheextensionrequiresarequestcall,presstherequestbutton,thecorrespondingrequestmessageissenttothehost,calltotheDutyOffice,whenthehostreturnsthecorrectinformation,lightsthecallindicator.III.DESIGNOFSYSTEMHARDWARESelectionofthemaincircuitchipThepowerlinecarriercommunicationreferstotheprocessofusingadedicatedmodemchipsfordatamodulationandbeingloadedintothepowerlinefrequencyof50Hztosendout,andthenreceiving,demodulating,restoringdata.Here,wechoosepowerlinemodulationchipPL2102designedByXiaoChengstarcompany.PL2102isahalf-duplexasynchronousmodemchipdesignedforpowerlinecarriercommunicationnetwork[3],suppliedbysingle5Vpower,connectedtoanexternalmicroprocessorthroughastandardI²Cinterface,coupledtothepowerlinewithanexternalinterfacecircuit.Inadditiontohavingbasiccommunicationcontrolfunction,PL2102alsobuildinfivekindsofcommonlyusedfunctionalcircuits:digitalfrequencycorrectionrealclockcircuit,32bytesSRAM,voltagemonitoring,watchdogtimerandresetcircuit.Amongthem,thereal-timeclockand32bytesSRAMcancontinuetoworkbythe3Vsparebatteryinthecaseofmainpowerloss.Thewatchdogtimerisusedtoprotectapplicationsagainsthardwareorsoftwareerrors,bygeneratingaresetsignaltoensureasuccessfulreset.AsPL2102usesdirectsequencespreadspectrum,digitalsignalprocessing,directdigitalfrequencysynthesisandotheradvancedtechnologies,andusesthelarge-scaledigital/analogmixed0.35}mCMOSfabrication.Soithasasuperiorperformanceintheanti一jammingandanti-fadingperformanceandthecostperformanceofsimilarproductsathomeandabroad,andsoon.AT89C52isalowvoltage,high-performanceCMOS8-bitMCUproducedbytheU.S.ATMELcorporation.Itcontains8KBFlashread-onlyprogrammemorycanberepeatedlyerasedand256Brandomaccessdatamemory(RAM).Thechipisproducedbyhigh-density,nonvolatilememorytechnologyofATMELcorporation,itiscompatiblewithstandardMCS-51instructionsetand8052Productpin.AT89C52has40pins,32externalbi-directionalinput/output(I/O)portsandincludestwoexternalinterruptports,three16-bitprogrammabletimercounter,twofull-duplexserialcommunicationports,twowriteportline.AT89C52canbeprogrammedaccordingtoconventionalmethods,canalsobeprogrammedonline.Itmakesthegeneral-purposemicroprocessorandFlashmemorytogether.Inparticular,theFlashmemorycanberepeatedlyerasedcaneffectivelyreducethedevelopmentcosts[4].Basedontheabovefactors,thehostandextensioncontrolchipselectAT89C52,canfullymeetvariousneedsofthesystem.B.DesignofthepowerlinecarriercircuitThepowerlinecarriercircuitmainlyincludesapowerlinecouplingcircuit,thesignalreceivingcircuitandsignaltransmittingcircuit,itsendsandreceivesthepowerlinecarriersignal.SchematicisshowninFig.2.Thecoupledcircuitthatistransformer-coupledcoilTZinFig.2,istheoutputandinputchannelforthecarriersignal，andplaytheroleofisolationfrequency220V/50Hz[5].Signalreceivingcircuit:ThecouplingcoilcouplesthecarriersignalreceivedformthepowerlinetobothendsatD1,ClampedbyD1,thestartinglevelofthesignalisatafixedvalue,andtopreventexcessiveinrushcurrent.C2,C3andL2constituteaparallelresonantcircuitwhoseresonantfrequencyis120kHz.The120kHzsignalintheinputweaksignalisselectedfrequencyandamplifiedinordertoimprovethesensitivityofthereceivedsignal.ItissenttotheSIGinportofchipPL2102,thecarriersignalreceivedbyPL2102demodulatesthedatabitinformationafterbeingtreatmentin-house,thedatabitinformationisoutputtothehostandextensioncontrolchipbyRXDTXDport,meanwhile,HEADsyncoutputslowlevel.Signaltransmittingcircuit:Itincludesthepoweramplifier,thefiltershapingcircuitandthecompositepipecomplementarysymmetrypoweramplifiercircuitcomprisedofV1,V2,V3,andV4.ItamplifiesthepowerofthecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102'sPSKOUTport.ItisaddedtothecouplingcoilafterfilteringintegerbyC1andL1,andisfedintothepowerlinethroughthecouplingcoil.ThecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102isamplifiedthroughthepoweramplifiercircuit,filteroutsignalnoiseandfalsesignal.CapacitorC1,inductorL1(18uH/200mA)oftheintegralfiltercircuitareusedtoadjusttheemissioncurrentandwaveform,reducingC1andincreasingL1willreducetheemissioncurrentandimprovethewaveform.Conversely,itwillincreasetheemissioncurrentandwaveformdistortion.Asthecoilloadcapacityisafixedvalue,adjustingC1andL1willaffectthetransmissionpowerandtheirpowerofthecoil.Meanwhile,theemissionvoltageVHHaffectssizeofthetransmittedpower,followingthelaunchvoltagedrop,transmitpowerhasdeclined,thehigherthevoltageis,thegreaterthetransistorsownpowerconsumptionis.ThisemissionvoltageistypicallychosenbetweenlOV一18V[6].C.DesignoftheextensioncircuitTheextensionincludesMCUAT89C52,powerlinemodulationchipPL2102andsomeperipheralcircuits.SchematicisshowninFig.3.EightrequestbuttonswitchesareconnectedtotheportPOoftheMCUAT89C52,whenabuttonispressed,theinputstateoftheportPOcorrespondingtothisbuttonis0.WhentheMCUconfirmsthatthehostcallsitsaddress,itwillscan8-bitI/OportstatusofportP0,onceakeyispressed,therequestinformationcorrespondingtothisbuttonwillimmediatelysendtothehost,andwaitforthehosttoconfirm.Whenthecorrectinformationisreturned,thehostdrivesthecorrespondingLEDindicatorsdisplayviaP2porttoindicatethatarequestsignalsentsuccessfully.Eightbuttonswitchesforrequestarenumbered,eachswitchrepresentsakindofinformationforrequest,whichcanbedefinedbyusers[7]. P1.0andRESETportoftheMCUAT89C52connectthebackuppowerandpower-downprotectioncircuitinordertoensurethatthesystemcanworkproperlywhenpowerfailureoccurs.Ifthesystemhasdetected"animminentlossofpower"signal,thesignalthroughanexternalinterruptINTOrequestsinterrupttothehost.ThehostresponsestoaninterruptandsendstherelevantdataintotheRAMtostore,thenwrite"0"intoP1.0,thelowlevelonP1.0pintriggers555timer,the555timeroutputpulsedependsonR,CandVCC.Ifthetimer555endtimer,VCCisstillnormal,thisshowsthatthe"imminentlossofpower"signalisthewrongalarmsignal,the555outputpulseisaddedtoRESETandthehostre-operationafterreset.Ifthe555timerendtiming,VCCisreallylower,the555timeroutputshighleveltriggeredbytheP1.0lowlevel,andaddstoRESETforstandbypoweruntilVCChasreturnedtonormal,thenkeepapositivepulsewidthtimedeterminedbytheR,C.TheappropriateR,CvalueShouldbeselectedinordertohaveenoughpoweronresettimeafterthemainpowersupplyVCCReturnstonormal,thenmakethehostresumenormaloperationafterreliablereset.TheAT89C52clockuseson-chipclockoscillatormode,thequartzcrystal(9.6MHz)andoscillationcapacitorareexternalconnectedbetweenXTAL1andXTAL2pin,P1.6portcommunicateswiththehostthroughthePL2102chipandpower-line.The5thpinofPL2102chipisserialbusclockinput,the6thpinisserialbusdatainput/output,the7thpinistransceivercontrolport,0isforsendingand1isforreceiving.The8thpin(RXDTXD)sendsandreceivesdata,the9thpinisdatasynchronizationport.Sendingandreceivingdataflowareasfollows:Wheninsendingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issetlowbyMCU,PL2102chipsendsthesynchronousheadsignal(9pin),theMCUsendsdatabyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.Wheninreceivingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issethighbyMCU,thesynchronizationsignalisgeneratedifthePL2102chipreceivesdata,dataissimultaneouslytransmittedtotheMCUbyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.TheAT89C52INTOcansynthesizecorrespondinginstructioninformationaccordingtopredefinedformatafteritgeneratesaninterruptandreceivesdata[8].译文：基于电力线载波技术的医疗病房呼叫系统的设计I.引言内科病房呼叫系统是一种叫工具时，病人需要医疗或诊断，病人的请求可以被很快地传送到医生或护士值班。它是提高医院的护理水平的必备设备之一。目前，有许多医疗病房呼叫系统与市场上的不同类型和不同的功能，它们分为两类：电缆型和无线型[1]。传统的电缆类型的病房呼叫系统倾向于使用集中式呼叫系统的体系结构，电源线，数据通信线路，通信线路传输语音分离，与铺设更多的，成本高，安装困难，实时性差，故障率高和其他故障。无线电医疗病房呼叫系统不打线，但其可靠性差，和无线电波会干扰其他医疗仪器设备，大多数的医院不使用这样的无线呼叫系统。随着通信技术的发展，人们对电力线通信技术，卡丽做了大量的研究工作。电力线载波通信技术是指利用电力线数据通信和媒体信号传输的一种手段。它包含的信息负载高频电流，然后用电流传输，然后用它接收的信息分开高频从当前的适配器，并传送到计算机或电话，以实现信息传输。电力供应网络是世界上最流行的网络，低压电力线连接到千家万户，它可以用于数据通信和信息无需铺设专用通信线路占用的无线信道资源传输[2]。因此，它已成为可能，利用低压电力线作为传输介质，利用扩频，数字编码，单片机控制技术实现病房呼叫。在这项研究中，电力线载波通信技术已经应用到病房呼叫系统。整个系统只需要一二芯屏蔽电缆，通过电源线，主机提供每个扩展实现双向数据通信。成本低，安装简单，广泛的传输线，等，医院的病房在实践中具有良好的应用前景。II.系统结构及工作原理呼叫系统主要由主机，分机及电源线载波电路，主机安装在病房的护士值班室，扩展被安装在病房，宿主可以控制多个扩展名，一220V民用电源线作为传输信道，以实现两个主机和分机之间沟通方式。系统结构如图1所示。本系统采用集中供电，供应工作电源向延伸通过两芯电缆的通信主机。主机通过电力线载波电路，每个扩展信号一220V商业电力线传输后，实现了半双工数据通信的主机和分机之间。通信数据包由8字节的数据，第一和第二个字节是主机号，第三字节的命令，第四和第五字节的扩展地址，第六到第八字节数据。主机发送命令数据广播，延伸分析数据接收通信包后，确定是否扩展地址地址，只有确认后发出报警信息延伸到主机。该系统采用主从式结构，主机的声音和光报警时，医院的床位已经呼叫请求，并显示发生呼叫的分机号码，床上显示。当扩展需要调用请求，按请求按钮，相应的请求消息发送给主机，叫到办公室，当主机返回正确的信息，呼叫指示灯。III.系统硬件设计主电路芯片的选择电力线载波通信是指利用专用调制解调器芯片数据调制和被加载到50Hz电源线频率的发送过程，然后接收，解调，恢复数据。在这里，我们选择的电力线调制芯片PL2102的小明星公司设计。智能家电是半双工异步调制解调器芯片设计了电力线载波通信网络[3]，采用单5V电源供电，通过一个标准的我²C接口连接到一个外部微处理器，连接到一个外部接口电路的电源线。除了具有基本的通信控制功能，智能家电还建立了五种常用的功能电路：数字频率校正实时时钟电路，32字节的SRAM，电压监控，看门狗定时器复位电路。其中，实时时钟和32字节的SRAM，可以继续通过3V的备用电池在主电源损耗下工作。看门狗定时器来防止硬件或软件错误的应用程序，通过产生一个复位信号，以确保成功复位。作为PL2102采用直接序列扩频，数字信号处理，直接数字频率合成技术等先进技术，并采用大规模数字/模拟混合0.35μmCMOS工艺。具有抗干扰一优越的性能和抗衰落性能与国内外同类产品的性价比，等等。AT89C52单片机是一个低电压,高性能CMOS美国ATMEL公司生产的8位单片机。它包含8kbFlash可以反复擦除只读程序内存和256b随机存取内存(RAM)的数据。芯片是由高密度非易失性内存ATMEL公司的技术,它是兼容标准通过mcs—51汇编语言指令集和8052产品销。AT89C5240针,32外部双向输入/输出(I/O)端口,包括两个外部中断端口、三个16位可编程定时计数器,两个全双工串行通信端口,两个写端口线。它使通用微处理器和闪存。特别是,可以反复擦除闪存可以有效降低开发成本[4]。基于上述因素,主机和扩展AT89C52单片机控制芯片选择,能够充分满足各种需求的系统。B.电力线载波电路的设计电力线载波电路主要包括电力线耦合电路，信号接收电路、信号发射电路，它的发送和接收的电力线载波信号。原理图如图2所示。耦合电路，变压器耦合线圈TZ在图2中，对载波信号的输出和输入通