2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式19 2022年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇D篇 原卷版

2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练

专题192022年新高考H卷阅读理解C篇+D篇原卷版

2022年英语新高考n卷试题评析（摘要）

2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方

向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一

步加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积

极导向作用:

考查学科关键能力，服务落实“双减”政策

1.3关注时代发展，引导培养核心素养

英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究的科学

精神，构建友好互助的人际关系。

英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国

征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题

和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发

展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣；通过选取关爱

养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际

关系。

【原卷28-31题】关键词说明文科技创新交通安全开车发短信标题概括题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetried

awiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhad

justtexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobe

moreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.*'

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.

原文出处：纽约时报

原文网址：/2016/04/28/science/driving-texting-safety-textalyzer.html

文本类型：人与社会

考查目标：说明文，介绍纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开

车的时候是否使用手机。考查学生了解某种社会问题以及可能的解决方案的能力。需要考生把握问题本质

和解决方案的可行性与具体操作的方案等细节。本文句式丰富，考查学生整体阅读的能力。

词块积累：主题词

bantexting禁止发信息

awiderangeofmethods很多的方法

behindthewheel驾驶

socialnetworks社交网络

distracteddriving不专心驾驶

improveroadsafety提升道路安全

adistinctlymodernbehavior一个明显的现代行为

reachbacktoanoldapproach利用一个传统的方法

anewdevice新的设备

checkintheoperatingsystem查操作系统

hands-free免提的

hand-helddevices手执便携设备

1.persuadev.说服

（高考链接2020新课标III卷阅读理解）Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuade

themtokeepsmiling.

【译文】我知道店员会有多生气，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。

2.requirev.要求

（高考链接2021新高考I卷阅读理解）Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50page

turns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.

【译文】有些乐曲可能长达40分钟，需要多达50次翻页，其中包括为演奏重复乐章时的回翻。

3.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighway

TrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.n

【解析】本句是并列句。前半句中because引导表语从句。ThechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafety

Administration充当同位语，修饰MarkRosekind。这在一定程度上是因为人们开车更多，但国家公路交

通安全管理局局长马克•罗斯说，分心（分心）驾驶“不幸只是在增加”。

4.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatis

notallowedunderNewYork*shands-freedrivinglaws.

【解析】句意：这项技术可以确定司机是否刚刚发短信、发邮件或做过任何纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其

他事情。Whether引导宾语从句，关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词anything。

【长难句分析】

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetrieda

widerangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

分析：本句为and连接的两个并列句。前一个分句中的by表示“被，由”，后面接施动者；后一分句的

主干为publicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodsttopersuade...behindthewheel为动词

不定式作目的状语，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句，theyarebehindthewheel是对开车的形象

说法，使语言更加多样和生动。

译文：在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机开车时发短信，很多公益活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说

服人们在开车时放下手机。

【语块积累】

banv.禁止，取缔

distractv.转移（注意力），使分心

devicen.装置，仪器，设备

crash九撞车，碰撞

hands-freeadj.无需手操纵的

hand-heldadj.便携式的，手提式的

distinctlyadv.非常，很；清楚地，明白地

awiderangeof广泛的，各种各样的

referto提到，谈及，说起

VU/4呼二同W“二二孙赵U牛

2022年英语新高考II卷真题变式大题库

28-31-1【基础】

【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期第一次适应性考试】ScientistsintheNetherlandshavetrainedbeesto

identifyCOVID-19throughtheirsenseofsmell,accordingtoapressreleasefromWageningenUniversity.The

researchwasconductedonmorethan150beesinWageningenUniversity'sbio-veterinaryresearchlaboratory.

Thescientiststrainedthebeesbygivingthematreat-asugar-watersolution—everytimetheywereexposed

tothescentofamink（貂）infectedwithCOVID-19.Eachtimethebeeswereexposedtoanon-infectedsample,they

wouldn'tgetareward.Eventually,thebeescouldidentifyaninfectedsamplewithinafewseconds—andwould

thenstickouttheirtongueslikeclockworktocollectthesugarwater.

Beesaren'tthefirstanimalstodetectCOVID-19byscent.Researchershavealsotraineddogstodistinguish

betweenpositiveandnegativeCOVID-19samplesfromhumansaliva（唾液）orsweatwithfairlyhighlevelsof

accuracy.AsmallGermanstudyfoundthatdogscouldidentifypositiveCOVID-19samples94%ofthetime.That's

becausemetabolicchangesfromthecoronavirusmakeaninfectedperson'sbodilyfluidssmellslightlydifferent

fromthoseofanon-infectcdperson.Butresearchersstillaren'tsurewhetheranimalsarethebestbetforsniffingout

COVID-19casesoutsidethelab.

“NooneissayingtheycanreplaceaPCRmachine,buttheycouldbeverypromising,“HolgerVblk,a

neurologist,toldNature.PCRmachinesarewhatlabtechniciansusetoprocessstandardCOVID-19swabtests.At

theveryleast,certainanimalscouldbeusefulforidentifyingCOVID-19inplacesorcountriesinwhichhigh-tech

laboratoryequipmentisscarceorinaccessible.

Wageningenscientistsareworkingonaprototypeofamachinethatcouldautomaticallytrainmultiplebeesat

once.Thenbeescanusetheirskillstotestfbrcoronavirusaerosols（气溶胶）inthesurroundingenvironment.

28.HowdidtheresearchersteachthebeestoidentifyCOVID-19?

A.Byofferingbeessomerewards.B.ByinfectingbeeswithCOVID-19.

C.Byraisingbeeswithsugarwater.D.Byexposingbeestoinfectedhumans.

29.WhyaredogscapableoffindingoutnegativeCOVID-19samples?

A.Fordogscansniffouthiddenvirusofthesamples.

B.Fordogscantellthedifferentsmellofthesamples.

C.Fordogscanfeelmetabolrechangesofthesamples.

D.Fordogscandistinguishsalivafromsweatofthesamples.

30.Whatisthefollow-uptaskofWageningenscientists?

A.Tobreedmoremultiplebees.B.Todetectcoronavirusaerosols.

C.Tohelpunderdevelopedcountries.D.Todevelopanewtypeofmachine.

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewWaytoCureCOVID-19Disease

B.Bees:Well-trainedCOVID-19Detectors

C.Bees'ExtremelyAccurateSenseofSmell

D.TheBestMethodofIdentifyingCOVID-19

28-31-2【基础】

【湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】Haveyoueverhadtheurgetoopenabook

andstickyournosestraightintothepages?Thesmellofoldbookscanrefreshanybooklovers.Wedon'tknowwhy,

butitisjustpleasanttous.

Describingthesmellcanbeachallenge.Andmereadjectiveswilllikelybeoflittleusetofuturegenerationsof

historianstryingtodocument,understandorreproducethescentofslowlydecayingbooks.Now,thattaskmayhave

justgotteneasierthankstotheHistoricBookOdorWheel.

Inoneexperiment,researchersaskedvisitorsatthehistoriclibrarytocharacterizethescentstheysmelled.All

thevisitorsselectedwordslike“woody","smoky”and“earthy“fromthelist,anddescribedthesmell5sintensityand

perceivedpleasantness.Inanotherexperiment,thestudyauthorspresentedvisitorstotheBirminghamMuseum

witheightsmells-oneofwhichwasanunlabeledhistoricbookscentandsevenwerenon-bookish,suchascoffee,

chocolate,fishmarketanddirtyclothes.Theresearchersthenhadthosemuseumgoersdescribethehistoricbook

smell.Thetoptworesponses?Chocolateandcoffee."Youtendtousefamiliarassociationstodescribesmellswhen

theyareunlabeled,MstudyauthorCeciliaBembibresays.

Theteamevenanalyzedthevolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)inthebookandthelibrary.Usingthedata

fromthechemicalanalysisandvisitors5smelldescriptions,theresearcherscreatedtheHistoricBookOdorWheelto

documentthe"historiclibrarysmell".Maincategories,suchas“sweet/spicy”,filltheinnercircleofthewheel;

descriptors,suchas"chocolate/cream",fillthemiddle;andthechemicalcompoundslikelytobethesmellysource,

likefurfural,filltheoutercircle.Theresearcherswantthebookodorwheeltobeatoolthat"untrainednoses”can

usetoidentifysmellsandthecompoundscausingthem,whichcouldaddressconservators'concernsaboutmaterial

compositionandhistoricpaperconservation.Andhopefully,smellsofthepastcanbereproducedinthelab

somedayandmuseumsandhistorianscanuseittoreconstructapastwecannolongersmell.

28.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

AAddictiontoreadingbooks.B.Fascinationforsmellsofbooks.

C.Anoddreadinghabit.D.Adislikeforsmellingbooks.

29.Howdopeopleusuallydescribeunlabeledsmells?

A.Byreferringtofamiliaritems.B.Byusingadjectivestolabelthem.

C.Bylinkingthemwithfoodsmells.D.Byanalyzingchemicalcomponents.

30.Whatisthefunctionofthe"HistoricBookOdorWheel”？

A.Tostorebooksmells.B.Tocharacterizesmells.

C.Tocollecthistorybooks.D.Totestdifferentscents.

31.Whatisthepotentialfutureapplicationofthestudy?

A.Creatingawholenewscent.

B.Sharpeningsensoryperceptions.

C.Restoringsmellsofhistoricdocuments.

D.Extractingcomponentsof“oldbooksmell”.

28-31-3【巩固】

【北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中试题】Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmells

ofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesare

awaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.

Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles-socalledbecauseoftheirtendencyto

changestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants?reproductiveprocesses,smelly

volatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆虫）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.Ifaninsectchews

throughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsare

evenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokill

thepests.

Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoften

emittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀释的花蜜）

thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.

Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.

Butthough“Scent"isastoryofplants'cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongused

fragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofan

EgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.So

highlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthat

guardedcinnamon.

Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewas

producedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfiimreleasedFougereRoyale,thefirst“modem

fantasyperfume,,thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance-makingis

dominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.

Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybig

business.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithits

productsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.

28.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.

B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.

C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.

D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.

B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.

C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.

D.Man-madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.

31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyB.SmartnessbehindFragrance

C.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature

28-31-4【巩固】

InWALL-E,asciencefictionmovie,alittlerobotisresponsibleforcleaningaworldcoveredingarbage;a

worldwherethereisnolongerroomforanythingelse,notevenhumans!Thefilmencouragescommonpeople,

worldwideleadersandbusinessmentoask.theobviousquestion:Whatcanbedonetopreventsomethinglikethis

happening?Forsome,microfactoriescouldbecomethemostpromisinganswer.

VeenaSahajwalla,amaterialsscientistandengineerinSydney,Australia,hasdiscoveredasolutiontothe

challengingwasteproblem.Herone-stopapproachcouldgobeyondtheexistingrecyclingprocesses.Herwaste

microfactoriesmainlytargetelectronicwasteandplastic,andareessentiallylittletrashprocessors.Thesecan

transformwasteintonewmaterialswiththehelpofthermal（热的）technology.

“Usingourgreenmanufacturingtechnologies,thesemicrofactoriescantransformwaste,enablinglocal

businessesandcommunitiestonotonlysolvelocalwasteproblems,buttodevelopacommercialopportunityfrom

thevaluablematerialsthatarecreated/5sheexplains.

Humansgenerate2.01billiontonsofsolidwasteannually.Andasthefastestgrowingwastestream,

approximately53.6milliontonsofe-wasteweregeneratedgloballyby2019.Despitecurrentefforts,only17.4

percentofthisisknowntohavebeencollectedandproperlyrecycled.Meanwhile,worldwidee-wastegenerationis

expectedtocontinuetogrow,reachingalmost80milliontonsby2030.

Althoughthemosteffectivesolutiontothewastechallengeswouldnotgenerateasmuchtrash,Sahajwalla

microfactoriesprovidehopetorallthewastethatalreadyexists.Hersolutionnotonlydecreasestheamountof

waste,butitalsoimprovesitsmanagementandenablesnewmanufacturingopportunitiesaroundthenewmaterials

created.

WALL-Eshowsusthebestandtheworstofwhathumanbeingshavetooffer.Itshowswheretheworldis

headedunlessthehumanspeciesslowsdownandstopsdevelopingatthecurrentpace.Butitalsoprovideshope,

showingthatwealsohaveagreatpowertochangeandimprove.

28.What'stheaimtowritethefirstparagraph?

A.TotelluswhatWALL-Eisabout.B.Toshowthewidefutureofrobots.

C.Tointroducetheuseofmicrofactories.D.TopraiseVeenaSahajwalla^contribution

29.WhatdoweknowaboutVeenaSahajwalla?

A.SheisatopscientistinAustralia.B.Shehasbeendevotedtogarbagefactories.

C.Herwastemicrofactoriesarepractical.D.Hertrashprocessorsarebeingwidelypromoted.

30.Howdoesthefourthparagraphdevelop?

A.Bymakingcontrasts.B.Bylistingrelevantfigures.

C.Bysummarizingtheabove.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

31.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsmicrofactories?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent

28-31-5【提升】

【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期质量监测】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,thereare

stillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn'tany

crimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld'sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDan

Farmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthatthe

ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.

Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohunt

downsitesthatareeasytostealin.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveproved

himright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.

SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowser

simplylookedatthecontent.Nowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookata

Webpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythings

toyourcomputer.

Butlet'slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld'sbiggest(almost)

crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn'tmuchto

steal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn'tmuchfbnunlessyouhaveaspecialdislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let'senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumber

oneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?

A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.

B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.

C.Theresimplywasn'tanycrimetoworryabout.

D.Hackersdon'tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.

29.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?

A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsites.

B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.

C.ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.

D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation.

30.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoSATAN?

A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.CautiousD.Doubtful

31.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

A.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.

B.ToadvocatepeoplefleeingfromtheInternet.

C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.

D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternetissafewithSATAN.

28-31-6【提升】

[2023届四川省成都市高三上期摸底考试】Cigarettesaren'tjustharmfulwhenthey'rebeingsmoked.

Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmfulchemicalsin

theair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthenicotine（尼古

T）thatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.

Whilemostofthesechemicalsarereleasedwithinadayofbeingputout,ananalysisfortheUnitedStatesFood

andDrugAdministration（FDA）foundthelevelofnicotinefellbyjust50%fivedayslater.

“Iwasabsolutelysurprised,sinceenvironmentalengineerDustinPoppendieckfromtheUnitedStates

NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology（NIST）.“Thenumbersaresignificantandcouldhaveimportant

impactswhencigaretteendsaredealtwithindoorsorincars.Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealth

influenceoffirst-hand,second-handandnowthird-handsmoking,itisnotthecasewhenitcomestotheactual

cigaretteendofthematter.

Tomeasureemissions（排放）fromthisforgottenthing,Poppendieckandhisteamplaced2,100cigarettesthat

wererecentlyputoutinsideaspecialroom.Oncetheendsweresealedaway,theteammeasuredeightchemicals

commonlyproducedbycigarettes,fourofwhichtheFDAhavetheireyeonforbeingharmfulorpotentiallyso.

Aftersettingtheroom'stemperature,theresearcherstestedhowemissionschangedundercertainconditions.

Whentheairtemperatureoftheroomwashigher,forinstance,theynoticedtheendsproducedthesechemicalsat

higherrates.Thisfindingmightdiscouragethosewhowanttoleaveashtrays（烟灰缸）outfordaysatatime,

especiallyintheheat.

28.Whatdotheresearcherssayaboutcigaretteends?

A.Theycontainlittlenicotine.

B.Theyproducenonicotinefivedayslater.

C.Theygiveoffnicotinefordays.

D.Theycreateasmuchnicotineasburningcigarettes.

29.WhatdoPoppendieck^wordssuggest?

A.First-handsmokingdoesmostharm.

B.Thefindingsarewithinhisexpectation.

C.Cigarettesshouldbedealtwithindoors.

D.Healthinfluenceofcigaretteendsisignored.

30.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetonotcleaningashtraysfordays?

A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Unconcerned.D.Puzzled.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.UsedCigaretteEndsReleaseHarmfulChemicals

B.CigarettesAreMoreHarmfulWhileBeingSmoked

C.ResearchFoundReasonsForCigaretteEnds'Harm

D.CigaretteEndsProduceMoreChemicalsintheHeat

28-31-7【高考真题】（2021新高考全国H卷）

AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcould

bringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalabor

shortage.

SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenare

aging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensors

tomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags（标

签）ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringthe

shape,colorandtexture（质地）ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattleto

anotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.

Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthe

monitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.

ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.But

Bondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstouse

technology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthis

firstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatan

animalisgettingsick.

Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen's

Association,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptin

remoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.

28.Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?

A.Soilpollution.B.Lackofworkers.

C.Agingmachines.D.Lowprofitability.

29.WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?

A.Monitorthequalityofgrass.B.Curethediseasedcattle.

C.Movecattletoanotherfield.D.Predictweatherchanges.

30.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?

A.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.

B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.

C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.

D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.

31.Howmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchinga