备考2023年高考二轮复习英语测试 14 阅读理解：主旨大意题 - (解析版)

专题14阅读理解：主旨大意题

备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-测（解析版）

时间：60分钟

名校最新模拟试题主旨大意题（共20小题）

1.（2022年8月浙江省“山水联盟”高三联考）

Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactuallyhelpthepeopleorcause?

Sometimesitmakesmattersworse.Forexample,manycharitieshelpAfricanpeopleinstallwaterpumpsto

delivercleanwatertotheircommunities.Moneyhasbeeninvestedoverthepast20yearstoinstallatotalof60,

000pumpsacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.However,today40%ofthosehavefailedtoworkatsomepoint.Theyhave

beenleftthere,likeexpensivebutuselessdecorations.

Ultimately,towhomandhowmuchyougiveisyourchoice.Itisimportanttoprovidehighlyspecialized

servicesinsteadofmaterialgoods.Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthe

receivers,thebetteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp.

15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Hasyourdonationhitadeadend?

B.Whyshouldyoumakeadonation?

C.Wheredoesmydonationtakeitsway?

D.Willmydonationtocharityreallyhelp?

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactually

helpthepeopleorcause?”（你真的应该问这样一个问题：我对这个慈善机构的捐赠真的能够帮助人们或者事

业吗？）和最后一段“Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthereceivers,the

betteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp."（根据一般的经验法则，你的捐赠越符合

接受者的需要，对你想帮助的人的长期繁荣就越有利。）可知，作者在这篇文章里主要讨论的是慈善捐助应

该切实符合被捐赠者的需要才算是真正有帮助的捐助。D选项“我的捐款真的有用吗？”和文章意思一致。

故选D。

2.（河南省名校联盟2022-2023学年高二上学期开学考英语试题）

AblindChineseclimberreachedthesummit（顶点）ofQomolangma,knownintheWestasMountEverest,

onMondaymorning,becomingthefirstblindpersonfromAsiaevertoconquertheworld'shighestsummit.

ZhangHong,46,reachedthetopfromtheNepaliside,alongwiththreehigh-altitudeguides.

Zhang,whowasbominChongqing,losthissightattheageof21.HenowworksatFukangHospital

AffiliatedwithTibetUniversityinLhasa.AsZhangbeganhisclimbofQomolangma,whichis8,848.86meters

abovesealevel,hiscolleaguesinLhasawereexcitedtohearthenewsofhissuccess.

“Manypeoplemayhavedoubtedhisattemptofclimbingatfirst,butIwasconfidentinhimfromthe

beginning,MsaidKyila,thesecretaryoftheFukangAngelFoundation,whoalsoisablindperson."Iknewbefore

thathecouldmakeit,andhedidmakeit.Iamreallyhappyfbrhim.Heisamodelfbrblindpeopletoencourage

themtochasetheirdreams.^^

Zhang'spassionfbrclimbingwasinspiredbyLotse,afamousTibetanclimberwhoconqueredalltheworld's

14summitsabovethealtitudeof8,000meters.LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErik

Weihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdream

ofclimbing.

Asanamateurclimberforyears,Zhanghadconqueredthreemountainsabovethealtitudeof6,000meters

beforeclimbingtheworld'shighestsummit.HehadbegunpreparingfbrtheQomolangmaclimbin2019.

However,duetotheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病），allmountaineeringteamsonQomolangmawerecanceledin

NepalandChinalastyear,andhehadtowaituntilrecentlytofinallymaketheattempt.

7.What'sthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.ZhangHongSetsanExampletoOthers

B.ABlindClimberReachesQomolangmaSummit

C.QomolangmaAttractsMoreChinesetoClimb

D.AChineseClimberGotThroughthePandemic

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“AblindChineseclimberreachedthesummit（顶点）of

Qomolangma,knownintheWestasMountEverest,onMondaymorning,becomingthefirstblindpersonfrom

Asiaevertoconquertheworld'shighestsummit.（21II上午，一名中国盲人登上了被西方称为"MountEverest''

的珠穆朗玛峰。这是亚洲盲人登上珠峰的第一个人）''可知，本文主要讲述了一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗

玛峰峰顶的壮举，故"ABlindClimberReachesQomolangmaSummit（一名盲人攀登者登上了珠穆朗玛峰峰

顶厂是文章最佳标题。故选B项。

3.（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考）

DianaNyadwasaprofessionalswimmer.Shewasinhertwentieswhenshedecidedtoswimaround

Manhattan.Thefirsttimeshetried,shedidn'tsucceed.Butshedidn'tgiveup.Shetriedagainandswamthe

twenty-eightmilesinlessthaneighthours.Thenshehadanothergoal:toswimfromCubatoFlorida,adistance

of110miles.Shedidn'tstoptosleep.Butshedidn'tfinish.Jellyfishattackedher,andtheweatherthrewheroff

course.Didshetryagain?Yes,butnotuntilthirty-threeyearslater.

Nyadretiredfromcompetitiveswimminginhertwenties.Forthenextthirtyyears,shedidn'tswimatall.

Shebecameasportscaster（体育比赛解说员）andajournalist.Butshedidn'tstopallphysicalactivities.She

alwayskeptinshape.EveryFridayshetookaone-hundred-milebikeride.

In2007,whenNyadwassixtyyearsold,hermotherdied.Shestartedtothinkaboutherownlife.Inthe

thirtyyearswhenshedidn'tswim,shealwaysthoughtaboutthepossibilityoftryingagain.Shedidn'twanttodie

withoutachievinghergoal.Shestartedtotrainagain.Bythesummerof2011,shetriedagain——andfailedagain

—aftertwenty-ninehoursinthewater.ShetriedtwomoretimesandfailedtoreachFloridaeachtime.What

kindsofproblemsdidsheface?Therewereattacksbyjellyfish,badweather,andbreathingproblemsfromasthma

（哮喘）.Howdidshesolvetheproblemofjellyfish?Forherfifthattempt,sheworeabodysuitandmasktoprotect

againstjellyfishstings.OnAugust31,2013,afterfifty-threehoursofswimming,shereachedtheFloridashore,

thirty-fiveyearsafterherfirstattempt.Nyadachievedwhatyoungerandstrongerswimmerscouldnot.

Nyadalwaystellspeople,"Nevergiveup.”

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IfatFirstYouDon'tSucceed

B.SwimmingCuresAsthma

C.HowtoSwimaroundManhattan

D.GettingRidofBeingStungbyJellyfish

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了主人公DianaNyad在失败后不放弃，最终获得成功的故事。由此可

知，“IfatFirstYouDon'tSucceed（如果初试不成功）“适合作本文标题。故选A。

4.（山东省东营市第一中学2022・2023学年10月月考）

Theworkinseniorhighschoolissomethingfreshmenareprobablyworriedabout.Itbuildsonwhatyou

learnedinjuniorhighschool,givingyouamoreadvanced（高深的）knowledgeofmanysubjects.Soyoumay

findyouhavemoreworktodoorthatit'sabitmorechallenging.Ifyoueverfindyourworktoodifficult,teachers

cangiveyouextrahelp.

Seniorhighschoolalsohasmoreafter-schoolactivitiesthanjuniorhighschool,suchasclubs,musicand

theatergroupsandsportsteams.Thisisagoodtimetoexploreyourinterestsandtrynewthings.

Juniorhighschooltaughtyouthebasicsoftimemanagementandsocialskillswhileprovidingyouwithalittle

extrasupportandguidance.Seniorhighschoolgivesyouthechancetolearnhowtobemoreindependentand

responsible.

7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.WhatyouHllearninseniorhighschool.

B.Whatyoulearnedinjuniorhighschool.

C.Thedifferencebetweenjuniorhighschoolandseniorhighschool.

D.Theimportanceofbeingmoreindependentandresponsible.

【答案】C

（解析】主旨大意题o根据最后一段“Juniorhighschooltaughtyouthebasicsoftimemanagementandsocial

skillswhileprovidingyouwithalittleextrasupportandguidance.Seniorhighschoolgivesyouthechanceto

learnhowtobemoreindependentandrcsponsiblc.（初中教会了你时间管理和社交技能的基础知识，同时也为

你提供了一些额外的支持和指导。高中给了你学习如何更独立和负责任的机会）“可知，最后一段主要是关

于初中和高中的区别的。故选C。

5.（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考）

LisaGautierreceivesnearlyadozenparcelsofhumanhaireveryday.WithherSan-Francisco-based

non-profitorganizationMatterofTrust,Gautierturnsdonatedhairintomatsusedtosoakupoilspillsonland,and

booms(longtubes)usedforspillsatsea.

Astandardwaytocleanupoilfromlandistousematsmadefrompolypropylene(聚丙烯).But

polypropyleneisanon-biodegradableplastic,andproducingitultimatelymeansmoredrillingforoil.Hair,by

contrast,isanenvironmentallyfriendlyresourcethatcansoakuparoundfivetimesitsweightinoil,accordingto

MatterofTrust,anditisabundant.

Oilspillscanpollutedrinkingwater,endangerpublichealth,harmplantsandwildlife,anddamagethe

economy.AccordingtoGautier,thespillsthathittheheadlinesonlymakeup5%ofglobaloilpollution.

MeganMurray,anenvironmentalbiologistattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,developssustainable

technologiestotackleoilspills.Herresearchindicatesthataswellasbeingbiodegradable,humanhairisoftenjust

aseffectiveaspolypropylene,andinsomecircumstancesevenbetter.46Thehairmatsareverybeneficialtoland

spills,?,saysMurraybutaddsthatwhenrawoilisspilledonbeachsand,itisverydifficulttoabsorbitusinganyof

thematerialsshehastested.Anotheradvantageofhairisthatitcostslessthanconventionalmaterialsandis

"globallyaccessibleasarecycledmaterial,Mshesays.

However,Murraycautionsthathairmatsarenotaperfectsolution,becausetheyaresingle-use,andcanonly

bedealtwithbyburningorbyburyingintosoilwhichthenisn'tsuitableforgrowingfood.Sheisnowresearching

methodstoextracttheoilfromausedhairmat,meaningbothcanbereused.

Asthehairmatdesignsaren'tunderpatent,othergroupshavebegunproducingtheirownmatsandbooms.

Gautierispleasedtoseethemovementgrowing."Anyonecanmakeahairmat,“shesays.“Itcreatesgreenjobs,it

cleanswater,itreduceswasteinlandfill,andit'spromotingrenewableresources.”

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoTackleOilSpills

B.APerfectRecycledMaterial——HumanHair

C.TakeActiontoMakeHairMatsAndBooms

D.HumanHairIsBeingUsedtoCleanUpOilSpills

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章整体分析，文章全篇都在说人的头发对于清洁泄漏的石油的作用，它并不

是一个完美的解决方案，MeganMurray正在尝试去优化这个方案。故选D项。

6.（江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三期初考试英语试题）

Figureskating,speedskating,andicehockeycanalltracetheirbeginningstoearlycivilizationsthatfastened

animalbonestotheirfeettoskateonice,accordingtoADictionaryofBritishHistory.Bonerunnersfoundin

Switzerlanddateasfarbackas3000B.C.andthereisalsoevidenceoficeskatinginScandinaviaintheMiddle

Ages.

ModemskatinglikelygotitsstartintheNetherlands,whereitwasconsideredanationalrecreationinthe

early17thcentury,whennoblesskatedonfrozencanalsforfun.WealthyEuropeanspickedupthesportwhile

visitingtheNetherlands,andBritishroyalssoonbroughtskatingbacktoEnglandinthelate1600s.Whenthe

Thamesfrozeoverin1683,skatingwasamongthemanyrecreationsatLondon'sfamouswinterfairontheice,

whichKingCharlesIIattended.

Attheendofthe18thcentury,AmericanballetdancerJacksonHainestransfbnnedthesportintowhatisnow

knownasfigureskatingbyintroducingelementsofballettotheice.AccordingtotheDictionaryofAmerican

History,HainesskatedinbearandballetcostumesandtouredwithexhibitionsacrossEurope,wherehewasmost

admiredinVienna,Austria.

Sincethe1900s,differenticeskatingclubshavebeenfoundedaroundtheWesternworld.Asinterestgrew,

theclubs'membershipincreasedoverthenext50years.Bytheendof20thcentury,iceskatingwassowidespread

thatitwasoneofthefewrecreationsenjoyedbyalmosteverywesterner.

7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Howiceskatingcameintospotlight.

B.Howiceskatingbecamewell-received.

C.Whyiceskatingisfamousintheworld.

D.WhyiceskatingentersWinterOlympics.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段的“3000B.C.（公元前3000年户,第二段的“intheearly17thcentury。7世纪

早期）”，“inthelate1600s（在17世纪末）”和“in1683（1683年）”，第三段的“Attheendofthe18thcentury（18世

纪末广，第四段的“in19thccntury（19世纪厂和最后一段“Bytheendof20thcentury倒20世纪末）”等表示时间

的短语看出，本文主要讲述了不同时期不同滑冰方式是如何发展起来的，以及如何受到大家欢迎的，也就

是主要讲的是滑冰是如何受到欢迎的。故选B。

7.（河北省保定市2022-2023学年高三9月份考试英语试题）

Abrokenheart,asadendingtoaloveaffair-that'ssomethingmostofushaveexperienced,orprobablywill.

Afterall,it'spartofhumanlife,needed,atleastonetime,tobecomemorefullyadult.Butnoquestion,the

experiencecanbedamaging.

Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosadmusicisamajorone.Itcan

helpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnect

withothers——bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.

Sadmusiccanhelphealandupliftyoufromyourbrokenheart.ArecentstudyfromGermanyshowsthe

emotionalimpactoflisteningtosadmusicisanarousaloffeelingsofempathy,compassion,andadesirefor

positiveconnectionwithothers.That,itself,ispsychologicallyhealing.Itdrawsyouawayfrombeingabsorbedin

yourselfandpossiblytowardshelpingothersinneedofcomfort.

Anotherexperiment,fromtheUniversityofKent,foundthatwhenpeoplewereexperiencingsadness,

listeningtomusicthatwas"beautifulbutsad“improvedtheirmood.Infact,itdidsowhenthepersonfirst

consciouslyraisedtheirawarenessofthesituationcausingtheirsadness,andthenbeganlisteningtothesadmusic.

Thatis,whentheyintendedthatthesadmusicmighthelp,theyfoundthatitdid.

Thesefindingslinkwithotherstudiesthatshowembracingyoursadsituationemotionally-acceptingreality

asitis-inspireshealingandgrowthbeyondit.Inshort,acknowledgingyourfullexperiencearouseshope.For

example,researchfromCornellUniversity,publishedinPsychologicalScience,foundthatembracingdiscomfort

aboutalifeexperienceornewsituation,andviewingitasasteptowardsgrowthandchange,generatesmotivation

tofindapathwaythroughit,beyondit.AsChurchillfamouslysaid,“Ifyou'regoingthroughhell,keepgoing.^^

Thatdiscomfortpointsyoutowardscreatingaplan,anewaction.Itfuelshope.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Sadmusicfuelshope.B.Heartbreakcanbedamaging.

C.Heartbreakispartofhumanlife.D.Sadmusicmayhealabrokenheart.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Butresearchshowstherearcpathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosad

musicisamajorone.Itcanhelpyoubegintofecijoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivate

empathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers——bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.（但研究

表明，心痛是有途径的。听悲伤的音乐是主要的。它可以帮助你重新对生活感到快乐和希望。它可以激发

同理心和与他人联系的欲望——这两种途径都可以穿过心痛和绝望的牢笼）''结合文章主要说明了研究表明

悲伤的音乐可以振奋精神，帮助你重新对生活感到快乐和希望，激发同理心和与他人联系的欲望。可知，

这篇文章的主旨是悲伤的音乐可以治愈受伤的心。故选De

8.（北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022.2023高三上学期开学摸底考试）

Removinggenderbias

Tailorsworkedoutlongagothatmenandwomenhavedifferentshapes.Yetthismessagehasfailedtoenter

manyotherareasofdesign.Carseatbelts,forexample,whichdatebacktothe1880s,areoftenstillmoresuitable

fbrmen,whotendtositfartherbackthanwomenwhendriving.Andtodaythemostforward-lookingtech

companiesonEartharestillplacingold-schoolbias（偏见；成见）intonewproducts.Considersmartphones.Most

aretoobigtofitcomfortablyintotheaveragewoman'shand,asaremanyvideo-gamecontrollers.

Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfortheirdesignproblemisthatmencontrolmostofits

companies-male-runfirmsreceive82%ofventure-capital（VC）funding.Malebossesmaybeunawareofthe

problemswomenface.Theymaynotflagupobviousareasofconcern,orasktherightquestionswhendoingtheir

researchfbranewproductdesign.Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-design

andengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.Theseteamsoftenusedatatomakedecisions,

butmixingalluserstogethermeanstheymayfailtospottrendsbasedonsexdifferences.Dependenceon

historicaldata,andthelackofdataonunderrepresentedgroups,canalsocreatebiasinalgorithms（算法）.

Nextcomestesting.Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodelsontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynot

getfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.Thereisalsotheriskofconfirmationbias-designersmay

listentowhattheywanttohear,andignorenegativereactionsfromsomegroupsofusers.

Tech'sdesignbiasneedsfixingformoral,safetyandbusinessreasons.Theethicalimportanceisobvious:it

iswrongthatwomenhavetomakedowitha"one-size-fits・men“world,asCarolineCriadoPerez,awriter,putsit.

Asfbrsafety,regulatorscantacklethatbybanningthingsthataredangeroustowomen-includingseat

belts-becausetheyarcno!designedproperly.

Butthereisalsoapowerfulbusinesscasefbravoidingdesignbias,becausehugeopportunitiesarebeing

missed.Womenare50%ofthepopulation,andmake70—80%oftheworld'sconsumer-spendingdecisions.

28.WhatisdiscussedinParagraphs2and3?

A.Whytech'sdesignbiasneedstobefixed.

B.Howgenderbiasisaffectingtechcompanies.

C.Wheregenderbiasinproductdesignisrooted.

D.Whoistoblameforgenderbiasintechcompanies.

【答案】c

［解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二，三段内容可知，第二段中“Anobviouspartoftheexplanationfbrtheir

designproblemisthatmencontrolmostofitscompanies——male-runfirmsreceive82%ofventure-capital（VC）

funding.”（其设计问题的一个明显原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资。）

为该段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了产品存在性别偏见的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且

在进行决策是，往往使用的是缺乏普适性的数据。第三段的主旨句为"Naturally,designerstestoriginalmodels

ontheirintendedcustomers,buttheymaynotgetfeedbackfromabroadenoughgroupofpeople.''（当然，设计

师会在他们的目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈），由此可知，

第三段讲述了在进行产品测试时，设计师们无法从足够广泛的人群中得到反馈，且往往忽略一些用户群体

的负面反馈。由此可知，第二，三段主要讲述了在产品设计过程中，哪些环节出现了问题。故选C项。

9.（2023届河南省洛阳市洛阳创新发展联盟高三摸底考试英语试题）

Newresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment（认知I损坏）maynotnecessarilydevelop

dementia（痴呆）and,infact,havinghighereducationandadvancedlanguageskillsmorethandoublestheir

chancesofreturningtonormal.Thestudy,ledbyresearchersattheUniversityofWaterloo,mayreassurethose

withmildcognitiveimpairmentasitcontradictsacommonassumptionthattheconditionissimplyanearlystage

ofdementia.Peoplewithmildcognitiveimpairmentshowsignsofcognitivedecline,butnotenoughtoprevent

themfromperformingtypicaldailytasks.Theyhavebeenconsideredathigherriskofprogressingtothemore

severecognitivedeclineseenindementia.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Highereducationandlanguageskillsmayhelpstopdementia.

B.Ageandgeneticsareestablishedriskfactorsfbrdementia.

C.Astudyfocusesontheconsequenceofcognitiveimpairment.

D.Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentshowcognitivedecline.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“infact,havinghighereducationandadvancedlanguageskillsmore

thandoublestheirchancesofreturningtonormal.（事实上，拥有高等教育和高级语言技能的人恢复正常的

几率是普通人的两倍多。）可知，文章将的是一个新的研究发现即受过高等教育和拥有语言技能可能有助

于防止痴呆。A选项“Highereducationandlanguageskillsmayhelpstopdementia.”概括了该研究结论。故选

Ao

10.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）

ManyyearsagowhenIfirststartedtoplaytennisIwassocrazyaboutthesportthatItraveledtoallfourof

themajorgrandslams-Wimbledon,theFrenchOpen,theAustralianOpenandtheU.S.OpeninNewYorkCity.I

wassoveryimpressedwiththegreatchampionArthurAsheandsoadmiredhim,notonlyasthenumberone

tennisplayerintheworldforatimebutjustasmuchfbrhowdedicatedhewastoimprovingthelivesofeveryone,

especiallytheunfortunateoftheworld.Tome,hewasanincredibledoublechampion!

Whatagreatexperiencethathadbeenandwhatagreatmanhewas.Hewassomuchmorethanaworld

championtennisplayer.Fromayoungagegrowingupinasegregated（种族隔离的）society,hesetabouttohelp

changetheworldbyhelpingpeopleandthusmakingtheworldabetterplacefbrallofus.

Whenweareyoung,mostofusareprettyself-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjust

helpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittlewiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfying

butitcanmaketheworldabetterplacefbreveryoneformanyyearstocome.

3.Whatdidtheauthorwanttotellusinthestory?

A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.

C.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

D.Selflessnessisamarkofanhonorableman.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，并结合最后一段“Whenweareyoung,mostofusarepretty

sell-centeredandalmosteverythingwedoisdirectedatjusthelpingourselves.Butaswegrowolderandalittle

wiser,weseethathelpingothersisnotonlyverysatisfyingbutitcanmaketheworldabetterplacefbreveryone

formanyyearstocome.（当我们年轻的时候，我们大多数人都是以自我为中心的，我们所做的几乎每件事

都是为了帮助自己。但是，随着我们年龄和智慧的增长，我们看到帮助他人不仅是非常令人满意的，而且

可以让世界在未来的许多年里变得更美好）''可知，文章讲述了世界冠军阿瑟•阿什的乐于助人的优良品质，

这篇文章的主题就是凸显ArthurAshe伟大的人格。所以作者通过这个故事要告诉我们“Selflessnessisamark

ofanhonorableman.（无私是高尚人的标志）”这样的道理。故选D。

11.（北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷）

“IfIonlyhadalittlehumility,I'dbeperfect,themediagiantTedTurnersupposedlysaidsometimein

the1990s.Whybemodest?Aristotlesaid:"AHmenbynaturedesiretoknow.^^Intellectualhumilityisa

particularinstanceofhumility,sinceyoucanbedown-to-earthaboutmostthingsbutstillignoreyourmental

limitations.

Intellectualhumilitymeansrecognisingthatwedon'tknoweverything.Actually,itmeansweshould

acknowledgethatwe'reprobablybiasedinourbeliefaboutjusthowmuchweunderstandandseekoutthe

sourcesofwisdomthatwelack.

TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.But,

bymakinguslazy,theyhaveopenedupaspacethatignorancecanfill.ThepsychologistTaniaLombrozoof

theUniversityofCaliforniaexplainedhowtechnologyenhancesourillusions（错觉）ofwisdom.Sheargues

thatthewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding-andthemoreeasilywecanrecallan

image,wordorstatement,themorelikelywe'Hthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfrom

effortfulcognitiveprocessing.Logicalpuzzlespresentedinanunfriendlyfont（字体），forexample,can

encouragesomeonetomakeextraefforttosolvethem.Yetthisapproachrunscountertothenicedesignsof

theappsandsitesthatpopulateourscreens,whereourbrainprocessesinfbnnationina"smooth"way.What

aboutalltheinfbnnationthatpresentsonline?Well,yourcapacitytolearnfromitdependsonyourattitudes.

Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesof

personaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.Peoplewhoarehumbleby

naturetendtobemoreopen-mindedandquickertoresolvedisputes,sincetheyrecognisethattheirown

opinionsmightnotbevalid.

Attheotherendofthescaleliesintellectualarrogance.Sucharrogancealmostalwaysoriginatesfromthe

egocentricbias-thetendencytooverestimatetheirownvirtueorimportance,ignoringtheroleofchanceor

theinfluenceofotherpeople'sactionsontheirlives.Thisiswhatmakesthesepeoplecreditsuccessto

themselvesandfailuretocircumstance.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,intellectualarrogancecanalsobe

seenasawayofachievingdominancethroughforcingone'sviewonothers.Intellectuallyarrogantpeople

hardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardfbr

groupstoworksuccessfully.

TheThriveCenterfbrHumanDevelopmentinCalifornia,whichseekstohelpyoungpeopleturninto

successfuladults,isfundingaseriesofmajorstudiesaboutintellectualhumility.Theirhypothesisisthat

humility,curiosityandopennessarekeytoafulfillinglife."Withouthumility,youareunabletolearn/'Laszlo

Bock,Google'sHeadofPeopleOperations,notes.

31.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theharmarrogancedoestous

B.thekeyelementstoafulfillinglife

C.thesignificanceofintellectualhumility

D.thewaypeopleaccessinformationonline

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了理解的谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽

视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争论当作完善自己观点的机会。结合选项，故选C。

12.（2022学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）

IhadpassedthehighersecondaryexaminationwhenIhadtogiveupfurtherstudies.Ihadtobeearning

somethingtohelpthefamilybudget.Onedayalettercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.Iwasboth

happyandnervous;Iwastheonlyteen.

Itwasmyfirstinterview,andIknowitwouldnotbethelast.SoIwasnotverymuchexcited.Onthe

contrary,IfelteasythatIhadgonethroughitandgotsomeexperience.ButIdidgetthejoballright.AndhereI

amwritingthisessayonleavefromoffice,sittingformyfirstuniversityexamination.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Myfirstjob.B.Mypoorfamily.

C.Myworkexperiences.D.Myfirstinterview.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Onedayalettercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.（有一天,

我收到一封来自一个办公室的面试邀请信。）”；最后一段“Itwasmyfirstinterview,andIknowitwouldnotbe

thelast.（这是我第一次面试，我知道这不会是最后一次。）”以及通读全文可知，本文主要叙述作者第一次

工作面试的经历。故选D项。

13.（2022-2023北京高考第零次英语模拟试题）

As17-year-oldNorwooddrovethroughSt.Petersburg,Florida,lastFebruary,thelaughterandchatterfrom

thefourteenagegirlsinsidehercarquicklygavewaytoscreams.Astheyapproachedacrossroad,anothercar

T-bonedthem,sendingtheirblackcarsailingintotheyardofanearbyhouse,comingtoastoponlywhenit

crashedintoatree.

Assmokerosefromtheothercar,abystandershouted,t4Ifsabouttoblowup!Getout!”.Theimpacthad

cavedinNorwood'sdriver'ssidedoor,jammingitshut.Shaken,butstillOK,shecrawledoutthroughthewindow.

Alongwithtwoofherfriends,who'dalsomanagedtofreethemselves,sheranforherlife.

Buthalfwaydownthestreet,sherealizedthatherbestfriend,Simmons,w