2024届高三英语二轮语法复习介词课件

ENGLISHGRAMMARPrepositions介词一、方位介词1.at,in,on,to,beside/by和near介词用法示例at一般指在较小的地方Imethimattheshop.She’satYaleUniversity.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内TheyarrivedinBeijingyesterday.ShandongProvinceliesintheeastofChina.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域Thepictureishangingonthewall.VietnamisonthesouthofChina.to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置JiangsuProvinceistothesoutheastofHebei.beside/by在……的旁边Shewasstandingbesidehermother.Thereisasmallhousebytheriver.near接近；靠近Thereisasupermarketnearmyhome.across在……对面TheyparkedacrossfromtheCastroTheatre.一、方位介词2.between和among3.across,through,over和past介词用法示例between在两者或每两者之间IsatdownbetweenSueandJane.among在三者或三者以上之间Theteacherwasstandingamongthestudents.介词用法示例across从……的表面穿过Hewalkedacrossthesquaretomeetus.Where’sthenearestbridgeacrosstheriver?

through从……的内部穿过Theguideledusthroughtheforest.over从……的上面跨过Thethiefjumpedoverthefenceandfledaway.past从……的旁边经过Shewalkedpasttheshop.二、时间介词1.at,in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at9:00;atdaybreak/dawn;atnoon;

atdusk;atnight;atmidnight;atsunrise;atsunsetatChristmas;atthefestival;attheweekend/atweekendsin①表示在某个较长的时间内（世纪、朝代、年月）②表示在泛指的上午、下午、傍晚inthe21stcentury;inthe1990s;in2005;inspring/summer/autumn/winter;inSeptemberinthemorning/afternoon/eveningon①表示在具体某一天②表示在具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上③按时onMonday;onmybirthday;onChristmasDay;on2nd,Septemberonthemorningof1st,Mayontime二、时间介词2.for,from和since介词用法示例for后接时间段，表示动作或状态持续的时间长短，一般作延续性动词的时间状语Thetoasterwasonformorethananhour.IstudiedinPekingUniversityfor4years.from后接时间点，表示动作或状态的起始点We’reopenfrom8to7everyday.since后接时间点，不仅表示动作或状态的起始点，还强调其持续，一般作延续性动词的完成时的时间状语He’sbeenworkinginabanksinceleavingschool.Ihaven’teatensincebreakfast.二、时间介词3.during,over和through4.in,after介词用法示例during①在……期间内(不断发生)②在……期间的某个时候Sandstormsarecommonduringthewinter.IonlysawheronceduringmystayinRome.over在……期间Shehasnotchangedmuchovertheyears.through①从……的开始到结束②直至Shekeptquietallthroughbreakfast.We’llbeinNewYorkTuesdaythroughFriday.介词用法示例in在……之后（必须后接时间段且谓语为将来时）Itwillbereadyinaweek’stime(=oneweekfromnow).after在……之后AfterbreakfastAmytookataxitothestation.二、时间介词5.before,by和until/till介词用法示例before在……之前HespenthisearlylifeinSriLankabeforemovingtoCanada.by不迟于；在……之前在……期间Byeighto’clockhehadarrivedatmyhotel.Theysleepbydayandhuntbynight.until/till直至（在肯定句中和延续性动词连用或在否定句中和非延续性动词连用）Thetrafficlawsdon’ttakeeffectuntiltheendoftheyear.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.三、表手段、方式的介词1.by,in和on2.in和with介词用法示例by表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词或任何修饰byair/land/seabyboat/bus/car/plane/bikein/on表示交通方式时，名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰onthebus/tube/coachMyfatheroftengoestoworkinhiscar/onhisbicycle.介词用法示例in后接衣服，也可接颜色，还可以表示戴帽子、留辫子等，可作定语或表语Shewasallinblack.Hewasabigman,dressedinasuitandtie.with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能与衣服连用asmallmanwiththickglassesamanwithasuitcase三、表手段、方式的介词3.by,in和with介词用法示例by表示方式，指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”Hemadealivingbysellingnewspaperswhenhewasyoung.MayIpaybycheque?in表示方式，多用于表示语言、原料的名词前Theyarerequiredtofillintheforminink.Putitinwriting.with表示方式，多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前Hewipedhisbrowwiththebackofhishand.Packthefruitsandnutsintothejarsandcoverwithbrandy.Killtwobirdswithonestone,sotospeak.四、表排除的介词介词用法示例except表示“除……之外”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除AllmyfriendstookpartinthepartyexceptJohn.exceptfor其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.besides表示“除……之外(还)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的HehaslearnedGerman,FrenchbesidesEnglish.五、其他介词1.against2.beyond含义示例（表示态度）反对Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.（表示对比）以……为背景Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.（表示方位）倚靠着……Thegirlwasleaningagainstthewallwithherarmsfolded.含义示例（表示位置）在……另一边/更远处Thesmallvillageis20milesbeyondthetown.（表示时间）晚于……Hedelayedthematterbeyondthefixedtime.（表示范围）超出，非……所能及Tobeacknowledgedasthefirsttoreceivethishonorisbeyondexpressioninwordsforme.五、其他介词3.over4.under含义示例（表示方位）越过Theairplaneflewoverthemountainsanddisappearedinthedistance.（表示等级或数目）超过；在……之上Hehasgotthejobbecausehehastheadvantageoverothersofknowingmanylanguages.（表示时间或过程）在……期间I’vebeenverybusyoverthepastcoupleofweeks.含义示例在……下面Sheplacedtheladderunderthewindow.低于，少于Thesetoysarenotsuitableforchildrenunderfive.在……过程中Thematterisunderinvestigation.受……影响She’sbeenunderalotofpressureatwork.五、其他介词5.for含义示例（表示对象）给，对There’saletterforyou.Wegotanewtableforthediningroom.（表示原因）因为；由于Hegotanawardforbravery.Shegavemeawatchformybirthday.（表示目的）为了；为得到；以帮助AreyoulearningEnglishforpleasureorforyourwork?Therewereoverfiftyapplicantsforthejob.WhatcanIdoforyou?(＝howcanIhelpyou)（表示用途）供(……使用)Theknifeforcuttingsausagewassittinginthesink.Manynewtrainshavespaceforwheelchairusers.（表示去向）往，向TheywouldbeleavingforRioearlythenextmorning.换取Copiesareavailablefortwodollarseach.五、其他介词6.with就……而言；关于Forher,bookswereasnecessarytolifeasbread.Fortunatelyforus,theweatherchanged.支持；拥护Areyoufororagainsttheproposal?Thecasefornuclearpowerisimpressive.含义示例（表示相应或齐头并进）随着Withtimegoingby,thelittletreehasgrownup.Skillcomeswithpractice.(熟能生巧)和……一起，和，同，跟Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?具有，带有，伴有Heistallandblondwithbrightblueeyes.Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.Helookedatherwithahurtexpression.由于，作为……的结果Hetrembledwithfear.五、其他介词7.by含义示例（表示程度、数量）以……幅度；差……Housepriceswentupby10%.Thebulletmissedhimbytwoinches.（表示被动）被Thefeastwasservedbyhismotherandsisters.（表示时间或量度单位）按……计算Werentedthecarbytheday.PackagesarrivedbythedozenfromAmerica.依据；按照Bylaw,youareachilduntilyouare18.通过；经由（表示触及或抓住人/物的部分）Thehouseisheatedbygas.Hecaughtherbytheshoulderandturned