初三英语定语从句

初三英语定语从句初三英语定语从句定语从句，是指一类由关系词引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。以下是店铺整理的初三英语定语从句，希望对大家有所帮助。初三英语定语从句1一.定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。二.特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词2.关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose代指先行词。关系副词：when,where,why作时间状语。三.基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分四.关系代词的用法：1.that和whichthat指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.Whowashurtintheaccidentthat/whichhappenedyesterday?Thecoat(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.注意：TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.(在介词后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch”.3）先行词被theonly，thevery或thesame等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?Thisisthe(same)bicycle(that)Ilost.4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用thatIwanteverything(that)Iwant.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.5)先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many修饰时，只能用thatHereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom.7)定语从句所修饰的词为theone时，定语从句用that引导Isittheone（that）youwant？8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that引导定语从句Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?3.who和whomwho指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。WhoistheteacherthatXiaoLiistalkingto?ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.=Thedoctorwho/whom/thatshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.五.关系副词的用法：1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.when=onwhich2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.初三英语定语从句2高考中常常考查one和that作为普通代词的区别,还常与it进行区别.主要用法如下：I.it／one／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物.Ihavelostmyumbrella;I'mlookingforit.（该句中it就是指前面的myumbrella）Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuyone.（one在该句中表泛指,因为myumbrella已经丢了）TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.（替代词that在该句中特指“theumbrellaIbought”,以区别“theumbrellayoubought”）II.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an＋名词;that为特指,相当于the＋名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a／an／some／any;that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the／this／that.Achairmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.（该句中one可以换成achair）Thewaterinthecupishotterthanthatinthepot.（该句中that可以换成thewater）III.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones;that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用those.Ilikethispenmorethanthatone.（one代替可数名词单数pen）Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolderonesinthehouse.（ones代替可数名词复数people）Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthanthatofPeter.（that代替不可数名词handwriting）Thesepicturesaremorebeautifulthanthose.（those代替可数名词复数pictures）IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有时可以用theone或theones代替that或those.Theone／Thatonthetableismine.（该句中Theone代替事物,并且也可以用That）Heistheteacher,theonewhoislovedbythestudents.（该句中theone代替人,不能用that）Headvisedthefarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theones／thosethathadthebestcolor.（该句中theones代替事物,并且也可以用those）V.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语.而that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语.Cookwasastrictbutgoodcaptain,onewhotookgoodcareofhissailors.Thewaterinthewelliscleanerthanthatintheriver.VI.it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语.one与that均无此用法.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Ifoundithardtogetonwithher.VII.it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容,而one／ones则不可以初三英语定语从句3定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析：Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注：A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。1.先行词为one、ones或anyone(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.(2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2.先行词为these时ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.3.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.5.在非限制性定语从句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析：1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)注：A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.C.指物时，下列情况下只能用that，不宜用which。(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.(5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。(1)关系代词放在介词之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.(2)非限制性定语从句中Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.(3)that，Those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as，不用that,但thesame…as…表示同样的,thesame…that…表示同一的Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.三.比较When/which、where/which、why.whichIstillneverforget.ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.whichhespentreadingthebooks.whereIfoundthebook.whichmakesmachines.Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.whichIwillneverforget.whichIamlookingfor.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。)与主句关系密切，不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which先研究下面两个例句：○1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。○2.Tomdidn’tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的'非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。2.在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：1.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。2.Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)3.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不用as)4.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany…/muchas…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：1.Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。=Bookssuchasthisare…=Bookslikethisare…2.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大楼里。3.Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他认识所有到会的人。4.Thatdayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：1.Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.2.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.3.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.4.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：1.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone)HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)2.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.初