选修7 Unit 21 课下主题训练 社会热点问题

PAGE第10页共10页课下主题训练社会热点问题课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①harmful □ ②virus □③delicious □ ④appropriate □⑤balanced □ ⑥necessary □⑦nutrition □ ⑧disease □⑨energetic □ ⑩mental □⑪vitamin □ ⑫fresh □⑬maintain □ ⑭physician □⑮healthy □ ⑯cure □⑰suffer □ ⑱diagnosis □⑲lifestyle □ ⑳reduce □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)physician，maintain，nutrition，necessary，appropriate，disease，virus，fresh，vitamin，delicious1．Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisingoodcondition.2．However,intermsofnutrition,_fastfoodisfarfromsatisfactory.3．OnceyouhaveremovedthevirusitissafetoreconnecttotheInternet.4．Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.5．Assoonasthefreshvegetablescomein,weputthemonsale.6．Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods,whichoftencontainmorevitaminsthanhumanfood.7．Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.8．Appropriatearrangementswillbemadefortheirworkandlivelihood.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Stresscanbeextremelyharmful(harm)toyourhealth.Exercise,meanwhile,canreduceitsbadeffects.2．You'dbetterkeepabalanced(balance)dietforthebenefitofyourhealth.3．Weneedtobemoreenergetic(energy)inparticipatinginsocialactivities.4．Tobementally(mental)healthy,youneedtobuildupgoodrelationshipswitheachother.5．Physicallyactivechildrenaremorelikelytobecomeactiveandhealthy(health)adults.6．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician(physics)．7．Peopleexposedtoradiationaremorelikelytosufferfromcertainformsofcancer,whichcan'tbe_cured(cure)atpresent.8．Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromheartdiseasewillbe_reduced(reduce)iftheyarepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhatdoyouhopetobedoingat80?Mostofusimagineaslowerpaceoflife.NotsoforBeateHowitt.Her80thyearhasmarkedthestartofanewcareertheoctogenarian(八十多岁的)grandmotherrecentlylandedherfirstmodellingcontract.“It'sthrilling，”saysBeate.“I'vealwaysdreamedofbeingamodel.Ofcourse,partofmewassurprisedthatanyonewantedtoseethisoldface.ButI'veneverthoughtofmyselfasgettingolder.Ialwaysliveinthemoment.Nowawholenewchapteroflifeisopeningup.”Inastrokeoffatethatprovesit's“nevertoolate”，BeatewasspottedwhileoutshoppinglastyearinOxford,whereshelives.Now,tenyearsafterretiringfromateachingcareer,shehasbeensignedbytheLondonagencyMOTModels.And,whilethisnew­foundsuccessmayhavearrivedlate,itistherealisationofalife­longambition:Beatefirstdreamedofworkingasamodelmorethan65yearsagowhenshewasateenager.“IwantedtobeamodelwhenIwasyoung，”shesays.“TheNewLookwasinfashionthenandmyiconwasBritishmodelBarbaraGoalen.IfollowedherworkandcutouteverythingIcouldfindaboutherinmagazinesandstuckitinabook.IlookedatpicturesofherwearingDioranddreamedofbeingpaidtowearbeautifulclotheslikeshewas.”Nearlysevendecadesonfromthosechildhoodaspirations(愿望),Beatenaturallyassumedthatdoorwasfirmlyclosed.Fewpeoplestartanewcareerintheirninthdecade,letaloneinfashionmodelling.“Ithappenedoutoftheblue，”saysBeate.“IwasshoppinginOxfordinOctober,lookingforapresentformyniece,andIfoundthiswonderfulshopfullofsilkscarves.WhenIwaspaying,themanageraskedifIwouldtakepartinacharityfashionshow.Iwasalittlenervous,butamrathervainandlovedtheideaofbeingonacatwalk.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Beate80多岁的时候偶然得到做模特的机会，实现了自己年轻的梦想。1．WhathappenedtoBeateHowittrecently?A．Shestartedacarefreelife.B．Sheabandonedteaching.C．Shetookearlyretirement.D．Sheachievedherchildhooddream.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Beate80多岁的时候实现了自己年幼时的梦想，成为了一名模特。2．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBeateHowitt?A．Humorousanddevoted.B．Charmingbutstubborn.C．Consistentandambitious.D．Generousbutconservative.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可以推断，尽管年岁已高，但Beate对自己的理想没有放弃过，始终如一，并且有志向。3．Whatdoesthetextintendtoconvey?A．It'snevertoolatetostartover.B．Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Inastrokeoffatethatprovesit's‘nevertoolate’”及最后一段最后一句可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是想告诉我们：做自己喜欢的事情，什么时候都不晚。B(2021·太原质检)Manyofushavehadthisexperience:weliedowninabedotherthanourown,perhapsatafriend'shouseorinahotelroom,andfinditdifficultorimpossibletofallasleep.Isitbecausethebedisuncomfortable?Maybe,butperhapstherecanbeotherreasons.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinCurrentBiology,asignificantreasoniswhatthescientistscall“firstnighteffect”．Theybelievethatonesideofthebrainactsasa“nightwatch”towarnusaboutpotentialdangers.Itforcesustostayawakeonthefirstnightinanewenvironment.Forthestudy,35youngvolunteerswereaskedtosleepinasleeplabforseveraldays.Meanwhile,researcherswatchedtheirbrainactivities.Accordingtotheresearchers,ontheirfirstnight,theleftbrainsweremoreactivethantherightbrainsandpeoplehadahardtimesleeping.However,left­brainactivitydecreasedasdayswentby,fallingeventothepointofcompletecalm.Inthisprocess,theparticipantsgotanincreasinglybettersleepexperience.Thefindingssuggestthatthedifferentrhythmsofthesidesofthebrainaffectoursleep.Whenthetwosidesworkdifferently,thebalancebetweenthemisbroken.Thus,thebraincan'trelaxandissensitivetoanythingstrangeinthesurroundings,justasitisindaytime.“Atsomelevel,thebrainiscontinuingtoanalyzethings,eventhoughyouarenotawareoftheanalysis，”USprofessorJeromeSiegeltoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Ifsomethingunusualhappens—ifadooropensoryouhearakeyinalock—youcanbealert,eventhoughtheintensityofthestimulusisquitelow.”Moresurprisingly,thisphenomenonissimilartothewaysomeanimalssleep.Whales,dolphins,andmanybirdscansleepwithhalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake,withitscorrespondingeyestayingopen.Theresearchersthinkthatitistheresultofevolution,andworkstoprotectusinpotentiallydangerousenvironments.Ifyouhaveeverhadwhatyouthinkis“firstnighteffect”，researcherssuggestthatyoubringyourownpilloworsleepinaroomsimilartoyourbedroomnexttimeyousleepawayfromhome.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“第一晚效应”对我们的影响及其产生的原因。4．WhatdidthenewstudypublishedinCurrentBiologyfind?A．Acomfortablebedcouldhelppeoplesleepwellinanewenvironment.B．Mostpeoplecouldsleepwellinanewenvironmentafterthefirstnight.C．Brainactivitiesaffectedpeople'ssleepinanewenvironment.D．Therightbraindeterminedhowwellpeoplesleptinanewenvironment.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究发现大脑活动影响人们在新环境中的睡眠。5．Whatwasfoundoutaboutthevolunteers?A．Theirleftbrainsweremoreactiveonthefirstnight.B．Theirrightbrainsbecamemoreactiveasdayswentby.C．Theirrightbrainskeptthemawakethewholenight.D．Theysleptbetterinthesleeplabthanathome.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，研究发现志愿者的左脑在第一个晚上更加活跃。6．Whatdotheresearchersthinkmakesthebrainsensitivetonewthings?A．Thebadsleepexperiencespeoplehavehad.B．Thetirednessthatpeoplesufferfromindaytime.C．Theimbalancebetweenthetwosidesofthebrain.D．Thestrangenessofthethingsthatpeoplecomeacross.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，大脑两侧的不平衡使大脑对新事物敏感。7．Whatdotheresearchersthinkof“firstnighteffect”？A．Ithasevolvedasawaytoprotectus.B．It'sacharacteristicthatanimalsdon'thave.C．It'scompletelydifferentfromthewayanimalssleep.D．Ithelpspeopletogetusedtonewenvironmentsquickly.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，研究人员认为“第一晚效应”已经演变成一种保护我们的方式。Ⅱ.语法填空Summerwassupposedtobefree__1__worriesforahighschoolgraduatelikeme.Nostudyingorhomeworktillcollege.IevenhadagoodjobsoIcouldgooffwithsomemoneyinmypocket.Butoneafternooneverythingchanged.__2__(see)Mum'scarshininglikediamondsintheburningsun,Igotinandstartedit.Theneverythingwentblack.WhenIopenedmyeyes,Ifoundmyselflyinginbedinhospital,__3__(able)tomove.Iwas__4__(blame)fortheaccident.WitnesseshadseenmemakealeftturnonRoute37—rightintothepathofatruckgoing60milesperhour.I__5__(knock)unconscious.AboutaweekafterIleftthehospital,MumandIwenttoseehercar,__6__wascompletelydestroyed.“It'sjustacar，”Mumsaid.“What'simportant__7__(be)thatyou'reokay.Everyone'sokay.”Mother'swordsonlyaddedtomy__8__(guilty).Iheldbacktears.Aftertheaccident,thejudgehadmeattendacommunityclassonroadsafetyandwrite__9__essayabouthowIcouldimprovemydriving.Bothhelpedmealot.BythetimeIleftforcollege,IknewIwas__10__(full)preparedforthebigworldoutthere,becauseIwouldbemorecareful.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。高中毕业即将上大学的作者在经历了一场车祸后吸取了教训：做任何事情都要小心谨慎。1．of/from考查介词。befreeof/from意为“不受……影响”。2．Seeing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空作状语；逻辑主语I与see之间是主动关系，故填动词­ing形式。3．unable考查形容词。根据句意可知，表示“不能移动”需用able的反义词unable。4．toblame考查不定式。betoblame常用主动形式表示被动含义，意思是“应受责备，应负责任”。5．wasknocked考查时态和语态。主语I是谓语动词动作knock的承受者，应用被动语态；这里是描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。6．which考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，该空所在部分作定语，该空指代先行词hercar,引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填which。7．is考查时态和主谓一致。这里说的是一般性道理，用一般现在时；主语从句What'simportant是单数概念，故谓语动词用单数。8．guilt考查名词。本空前有物主代词my修饰，故用guilty的名词形式guilt。9．an考查冠词。此处用不定冠词an修饰可数名词essay，表示“一篇”。10．fully考查副词。空处在句中修饰谓语动词，需用full的副词形式。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①refresh □ ②infection □③painful □ ④fitness □⑤prescription □ ⑥recovery □⑦digest □ ⑧obesity □⑨allergy □ ⑩precaution □⑪immunity □ ⑫circulation □⑬poisonous □ ⑭symptom □⑮physical □ ⑯depression □⑰stress □ ⑱anxiety □⑲positive □ ⑳emotion □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Applyingforjobscanbealongandpainful(pain)process.2．Peopletendtocatchallkindsofinfections(infect)inwinter.3．Waysmustbefoundtopreventthepoisonous(poison)gasesfrompollutingtheair.4．IlikecatsbutunfortunatelyI'mallergic(allergy)tothem.5．Theoldcoinshavebeenwithdrawnfromcirculation(circulate)．6．Onlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowupmentallyandphysically(physical)healthy.7．Thedoctorsaidherfatherwouldrecoversoonandwewishherfatherwouldmakeafullrecovery(recover)fromtheoperation.8．Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitness(fit)programmeshasincreasedsharply.Ⅱ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Itwouldbeawiseprecautiontolockallthedoors.预防2．IthinkI'lljustrefreshmyselfwithacupofteabeforeIgotomeetthechildren.恢复精神3．Thephysicianmadeaprescriptionagainstsea­sicknessforhim.处方4．Asweallknow,fatsarehardtodigest.消化5．Obesityisaproblemformanypeopleintheworldnowadays.肥胖6．Thisvaccinewillgiveyouimmunityfortwoyears.免疫7．Ifthesymptomscontinue,itisimportanttogotoyourdoctor.症状8．Whenwefeelanger,weburytheemotionandfeelguiltyinstead.情绪9．Ifyou'reworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyouranxietieswithyourdoctor.忧虑10．Shesufferedfromseveredepressionafterlosingherjob.抑郁二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解Youmighthaveseenthosepopularvideosofindividualsorevenfamilieswhocanfitanentireyear'sworthoftrashintoatinyjar.Bytryingtoensurethateverythingpurchasedisrecycledorreused,followersofthezero­wastemovementsarestrugglingtoavoidcreatinganytrashthatwillendupinlandfills(垃圾清理场)．Butreducedwasteisn'ttheonlyresultofbeingmindfulofyourconsumption—itcreatesacleanerworldandlife.Themainruleofazero­wastelifestyleiscreatingaslittletrashaspossible.Andhowdoweproducetrash？Throughourpurchases.Whetherit'sacutecuporthenewestphone,we'reconstantlybombedbymessagestobuy,buy,buy.Everytimeyoufeeltheurgetobuysomething,justwait.Chancesareifyouwaitanddon'tgiveintoyourfearofmissingout,you'llrealizeyoudon'tactuallyneedorevenwantwhateveryouwereabouttobuy.Fewerpurchasesmeanmoremoneyinthebank,morefinancialsecurity,andtheopportunitytogoonthatlong­desiredvacationortakethatclassyou'vebeendreamingabout.Twentyyearsfromnow,youwon'trememberarandompairofshoesorwhyyouneededanewersmartwatch,butyouwillrememberafamilyroadtrip,theartistthattaughtyouhowtopaint,andthefriendsyoumadeinthatcreativewritingclass.Azero­wastelifestylecanalsoincreaseindependenceandawareness.It'sfarmoredifficulttoimpulsively(冲动地)buyaT­shirtfromafastfashionchainwhenyouknowthatthey'remanufacturedinunsafefactories,whereworkers'wageskeepthembelowthepovertyline.Atthesametime,buyingsomethinghandcraftedconnectsyoutothepersonwhomadeit,sinceit'saproductbornofpassionandskill.Puttingexperiencesandpeoplebeforepossessionswillshift(转移)yourfocusfromownershiptorelationships.Beingmorecarefulwiththeitemsyouownsothatyoucanusethemforlongeralsoteachesyouhowtobemoremindfulofothersandtheirneeds.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了零浪费的生活方式，这种方式不仅省钱，更重要的是让我们从关注物质到追求精神满足。1．Whatshouldwedowhenwefeeltheurgetobuysomething?A．Saveenoughmoneyforit.B．Overcomeourfearofmissingout.C．Waittoseewhetherwereallyneedit.D．Trytogetsomethingmorefashionable.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，当我们有买什么东西的冲动时，作者建议我们要“等待”，考虑我们是否真的需要这个东西。2．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A．Trydifferentcareers.B．Purchaseless,liverich.C．Makefriendswithanartist.D．Buythelatestelectronics.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，作者建议我们少买东西，去追求高品质的精神生活。3．Whyshouldwebuysomethinghandcraftedaccordingtotheauthor?A．It'smoremeaningful.B．It'sworthalotofmoney.C．Itcangiveyouagoodmemory.D．Itcanhelppeopleoutofpoverty.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者建议我们去买手工做的东西，原因是手工做的东西可以让我们跟制作者产生联系，并且这些东西承载了艺术家的感情与技艺，会更有意义。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheharmofimpulsivepurchasesB．TheimportanceofrecyclingC．Livingazero­wastelifestyleD．Learningtospendwisely解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍零浪费的生活方式及其意义。故C项适合作本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Youmayhaveheardoftheword“pub”．Itisshortforpublichouse.Therearearound60,000pubsintheU．K.Oneoftheoldestpubs,YeOldeFightingCocksinSt.Albans,Hertfordshire,islocatedinabuildingthatdatesbacktotheeleventhcentury.__1__Peopletalk,eat,drink,meettheirfriendsandrelaxthere.Pubsoftenhavetwobars,oneusuallyquieterthantheother,andmanyhaveagardenwherepeoplecansitinsummer.Childrencangointopubgardenswiththeirparents.Groupsoffriendsnormallybuy“rounds”ofdrinks.__2__Itissometimesdifficulttogetservedwhenpubsarebusy:Thebarstaffwillusuallyservethosewhohavebeenwaitingthelongestatthebarfirst.Mostpubsofferacompleterangeofbeers,localandimported,withGerman,BelgianandFrenchbeersbeingindemand.__3__Asamatteroffact,pubssellsoftdrinks,too.Thelegalagetopurchasealcoholis18intheUK.Peopleaged16and17,withthelicense'spermission,mayhaveonlyoneglassofwineduringameal.__4__Itisillegaltosellalcoholtosomeonewhoalreadyappearsdrunk.Afourteen­year­oldmayenterapubunaccompaniedbyanadultifheordersameal.Childrenmayenterapubwiththeirparentsuntil9p．m.,whichletsfamiliesenjoyreasonablypricedpubmealstogether.__5__CustomsinBritishpubsdifferfromthoseinAmericanbars.InmostpubsintheU．K.,youmustgotothebartoorderdrinksandfoodandpayf