贵州大学2010级林学院研究生英语期末考试卷

PAGEPAGE16贵州大学2010-2011学年第一学期2010级研究生期末考试试卷A卷PartISectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A.Attheoffice.B.Inthewaitingroom.C.Attheairport.D.Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A“Attheoffice”isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.01.A.Planhisbudgetcarefully.B.Givehermoreinformation.C.Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D.Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.02.A.Ajobopportunity.B.Apositionasgeneralmanager.C.Abigtravelagency.D.Aninexperiencedsalesman.03.A.Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B.ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C.Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D.Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.04.A.Gotothelibrary.B.Meetthewoman.C.SeeProfessorSmith.D.Haveadrinkinthebar.05.A.Hewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.B.Hefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.C.Hewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.D.Hedoesn’tliketheteacher’saccent.06.A.Hehasastrangepersonality.B.He’sgotemotionalproblems.C.Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D.Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.07.A.ShedoesnotagreewithJack.B.Jack’sperformanceisdisappointing.C.Mostpeoplewillfindbasketballboring.D.ShesharesJack’sopinion.08.A.Themanwenttoawrongcheck-incounter.B.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.C.Theplanewillleaveat9:14.D.Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.09.A.shewantstogetsomesleepB.shehasaliteratureclasstoattendC.sheneedstimetowriteapaperD.sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem10.A.Hewantstogetanewposition.B.Heisaskingthewomanforhelp.C.Hehasleftthewomanagoodimpression.D.Heenjoysletterwriting.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestion11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.B.Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.C.Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.D.Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.12.A.Yourproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.B.Youdon’tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.C.Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.D.Youcan’ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.13.A.Demandapromptresponses.B.Provideallthedetails.C.Senditbyexpressmail.D.Sticktothepoint.PassageTwoQuestion14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A.Tointroducethechiefofthecity’spoliceforceB.TocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguestC.ToaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurityD.Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil15.A.HehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagementB.HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForceC.HecompletedhishighereducationabroadD.Heholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminology16.A.TocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartmentsB.TogetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeopleC.TohelptheresidentsintimesofemergencyD.Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction17.A.popularB.discouragingC.effectiveD.controversialPassageThreeQuestion18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A.Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B.Therearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C.Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachtypeofcold.D.Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.19.A.Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B.Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C.Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D.Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.20.A.Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B.Itcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbody.C.Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D.Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.PartII.Vocabulary(10%)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre21.Thereareatleastfourcrucialdifferencesbetweenthenewandtheoldgovernment.A.federation B.complex C.regime D.hegemony22.Theyfearitcouldhavea(n)effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.A.consequential B.beneficial C.sizeable D.adverse23.TheviewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.A.sustainable B.inclusive C.predominant D.credulous24.TheKingmadethewaronthestateofKalinga,andconquereditin261B.C.Whenhesawthesufferinghehadcaused,however,hewasovercomewith.A.revenge B.remorse C.hatred D.emotion25.WhenhefirstvisitedSouth-WestAfricain1947asaninvestigativejournalist,shehelpedrevealtheconditionunderwhichblackswereobligedtowork.A.terrificB.exotic C.appalling D.amusing26.InhisbooktheIlliad,HomerdescribesThersitesastheugliestandthemost_________oftheGreeks.A.harmful B.dangerous C.impudent D.tough27.Iadvocateaholisticrecognitionthatbiologyandcultureinterpenetrateinan____manner.A.incomprehensible B.uncustomary C.unavoidable D.inextricable28.Aseconomicgrowthgroundtoahalt,thelocalpopulationgrewmoreandmore.A.indignant B.disaffected C.unvalued D.indifferent29.Comparedtovoterparticipationratesofcitizensinotherdemocracies,participationinAmericanelectionislow;slightlymorethan50percentofthose____participateinnationalpresidentialelections.A.eligible B.feasible C.accessible D.available 30.Mottsuffersfinanciallyandemotionallyashisseriesofget-rich-quickschemegoesbad.A.expected B.extravagant C.delusional D.drained31.ThemembercountriesoftheorganizationwouldactonlywiththeofUnitedNations.A.punishment B.sustenance C.sanction D.authorization32.Miraclesare,theycannotbesummoned,butcomeofthemselves,usuallyatunlikelymomentsandtothosewholeastexpectthem.A.evident B.instantaneousC.inevitable D.hidden33.NoramIsuggestingthatblackchildrenaresomehowlinguisticallyorunabletoseparatestandardEnglish.A.demanding B.deficient C.accelerated D.lagged34.Aboutone-thirdoftheadulthomelessarementallyill,andabouthalfarealcoholicorabusedrugs.A.sparsely B.chronically C.individually D.adequately35.Wespentawonderfuldayatherhome,andalltheguestswerewell.A.acknowledged B.implemented C.accommodated D.contended36.AndtothisdayIamnotsurewhetheritwasthefigsorthevisionandpassionoftheoldgrocerthefruitsosweetlyIcanstillrecalltheirsavorandfragranceevennow.A.thatwascoated B.thatcoated C.whichcoated D.whichwascoated37.Theculturalhabitsofimmigrantsarefrequentlytargetsofcriticism,especiallywhenthenewarrivalscomefromadifferentcountrythoseintheestablishedcommunity.A.than B.with C.to D.of38.ThefundamentalprincipalofBasicEnglishwasthatanyidea,complex,maybereducedtosimpleunitsofthoughtexpressedclearlybycertaineverydaywords.A.however B.whatever C.wherever D.whenever39.Withnewanduntestedtheoryoftheeducationalreform,today’sU.S.matheducatorshave______eliminatednumbers.A.nothingbut B.allbut C.ratherthan D.otherthan40.Massleisure,massculture,andevenhighculturepassivelyandforexternalreasons,areparasitesofthemind.A.whereattending B.whereattended C.whenattending D.whenattendedPartIII.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions：Thereare4passagesinthispart．Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD．YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．PassageOneEmpoweringworkersconstitutesthefirststeptowardastrongereconomyandstrongercitizenry.ItisavitalsteptowardovercominginequalityinAmericansociety.Duringthe1980s,theneedforbetterwagesforallworkersincreasedaswomen,traditionallysecondaryearners,assumedgreaterresponsibilityfortheirownandtheirchildren’swell-being.Yettheabilitytoraisefamiliestoadecentlivingstandardthroughwageworkdecreased;realwagesfellformostworkers.AndtheFederalGovernmentenactednonewpoliciestofacilitatetheintegrationofworkandfamily,asworkingwomenandworkingfamiliessufferedalossinpoliticalpoweraswell.

BlackorHispanicwomenarefourtimesaslikelytobelow-wageworkersasarewhitemenwithcomparableskillsandexperience.Whitewomenaremorethanthreetimesaslikelyaswhitementobelow-wageworkers,andblackorHispanicmenmorethanone-and-a-halftimesaslikely.Morethanhalfofalllow-wageworkersaretheonlywageworkersintheirfamilies,orlivealone.

Employmentnolongerprovidesanescapefrompoverty.Morethaneightmillionworkingadultsarepoor;twomillionofthemworkfull-time,year-round.Morethansevenmillionpoorchildrenhaveatleastoneworkingparent.Whenthatoneworkingparentisalow-wageworker,thechildrenhavenobetterchanceofescapingfrompovertythaniftheparentwerenotworkingatall;morethantwo-fifthsofsuchchildrenarepoor.

Evenifgenerousincomeassistancewereavailable,thewagesemployerspaywouldbeheldtoaminimum.Inaddition,policiessuchastaxcreditsforworkingparentsdonothingtoincreasethepoliticalpowerofworkingwomenandmen.

Ourresearchshowsthatunionizationisamongthemosteffectivestrategiesforraisingpay,especiallyforwomenandminoritymen.Beingaunionmember,orbeingcoveredbyacollective-bargainingagreement,raised1984wagesby$1.79perhourforHispanicmen,$1.32forblackmen,$1.26forHispanicwomen,$1.01forblackwomen,$0.68forwhitewomen,and$0.41forwhitemen,whenallotherfactors,suchasoccupation,industry,firmsize,educationandexperiencewereheldconstant.Inpercentageterms,theunionincreasewasmorethan15percentforblacksandHispanics,11percentforwhitewomen,and4percentforwhitemen.

41.Duringthe1980s,womenstartedtoplayamoreimportantrolein.A.demandingpoliticalrights

B.improvingsocialwelfare

C.supportingthefamily

D.earningbetterwages42.AccordingtoParagraph2,whoaremostlikelytobepoor?

A.Womenofcolor.

B.Whitewomen.

C.Menofcolor.

D.Whitemen.43.AccordingtoParagraph3,havingajob.

A.meansearningalowwage

B.hasneverprovidedawayoutofpoverty

C.doesnotmeanthatthechildrenwillbecomerich

D.maynotbeaguaranteeforapoorfamilytobecomebetteroff44.Theterm"unionization"(Line1,Paragraph5)refersto.

A.mobilizingallworkerstoseizepower

B.gatheringworkersintoanorganizedgroup

C.workingoutstrategiestoraiseworkers’pay

D.changingwagepoliciesforwomenandminoritymen45.Whatisthethemeofthetext?

A.Thecausesoflow-wageproblems.

B.Theinequalityofworkers'pay.

C.Theimprovementoftheratesofpay.

D.TheeconomyandtheratesofpayPassageTwoWeallknowDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseitisinherited,therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrandwhichcanrelateanindividualtohisorherfamily(immediateandextended),tribalgroupandevenanentirepopulation.MolecularGenealogy（宗谱学）canusethisuniqueidentificationprovidedbythegeneticmarkerstolinkpeopletogetherintofamilytrees.Pedigrees（家谱）basedonsuchgeneticmarkerscanmeanabreak-throughforfamilytreeswhereinformationisincompleteormissingduetoadoption,illegitimacyorlackofrecords.TherearemanycommunitiesandpopulationswhichhavelostpreciousrecordsduetotragiceventssuchasthefireintheIrishcourtsduringCivilWarin1921orAmericanslavesforwhommanyrecordswereneverkeptinthefirstplace.ThemainobjectiveoftheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupistobuildadatabasecontainingover100,000DNAsamplesfromindividualsallovertheworld.Theseindividualswillhaveprovidedapedigreechartoratleastfourgenerationsandasmallbloodsample.Oncethedatabasehasenoughsamplestorepresenttheworldgeneticmake-up,itwilleventuallyhelpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonlyontraditionalwrittenrecords.Theoretically,anyindividualwillsomedaybeabletotracehisorherfamilyoriginsthroughthisdatabase．Inthemeantime,asthedatabaseisbeingcreated,moleculargenealogycanalreadyverifypossibleorsuspectedrelationshipsbetweenindividuals.“Forexample,iftwomensharingthesamelastnamebelievethattheyarerelated,butnowrittenrecordprovesthisrelationship,wecanverifythispossibilitybycollectingasampleofDNAfrombothandlookingforcommonmarkers(inthiscasewecanlookprimarilyattheYchromosome（染色体）,”explainsGeorgeGreen,amemberoftheBYUMolecularGenealogyresearchteam.46.PeopleinalargeareamaypossessthesameDNAthreadbecause__________.A．DNAischaracteristicofaregionB.theyarebeyonddoubtofcommonancestryC.DNAstrandhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsD.theiruniqueidentificationcanbeprovidedviaDNA47.Thepossibleresearchoffamilytreesisbasedonthefactthat___________.A.geneticshasachievedabreakthroughB.geneticinformationcontainedinDNAcanberevealednowC.eachindividualcarriesauniquerecordofwhoheisandhowheisrelatedtoothersD.wecanuseDNAtoprovehowdistantanindividualistoafamily,agrouporapopulation48.TheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupisbuildingadatabaseforthepurposeof___________.A.offeringassistanceinworkingoutgenealogy-relatedproblemsB.solvingmanyissueswithoutrelyingontraditionalwrittenrecordsC.providingapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsintheworldD.confirmingtheassumptionthatallindividualsareofthesameorigin49.Iftwomensuspectforsomereasontheyhaveacommonancestor,__________.A.wecandecideaccordingtotheirfamilytreeB.wecanfindthetruthfromtheirgeneticmarkersC.wecancomparethedifferencesintheirYchromosomeD.wecanlookforwrittenrecordstoprovetheirrelationship50.Whichofthefollowingcannotbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Weareawalking,living,breathingrecordofourancestors.B.ManyAmericanslavesdidnotknowwhotheirancestorswere.C.Anadoptedchildgenerallylacksenoughinformationtoprovehisidentity.D.Moleculargenealogycanbeusedtoprovearelationshipbetweenindividuals.PassageThreeTheworldcanbeaharshplaceforyoureyes.Therearelotsofworkorrecreationalactivitiesthatmayincreaseyourriskofeyeinjuryandstrain,includingsomethatmayseemsurprising.Bybeingawareofthepossiblerisks,youcanprotectyourselffromeyedamageandstrain.Certainworksituations,includinghandlinghazardouschemicals,usingpowertools,andbeingexposedtoflyingparticles,haveahighriskofeyedamage.Inthesesituations,itisimportanttofollowyourworkplacesafetymeasures,wearpropereyeprotection(thiswillvaryaccordingtotheworksituation),andknowthelocationofthenearesteyewashorfirstaidstation.Insomejobs,therisksareunexpected.IfyouworkwithcomputersandVDTs(videodisplayterminals)formorethananhoureachday,youareatahighriskofeyestrain.Thiscanleadtoheadaches,blurredvision,anddifficultyworking.Trytotakeabreakfromcomputeruseforfifteenminutesduringeachtwo-hourperiod,orfortenminutesperhourduringintensivework.Checkyourscreentomakesurethereisnoglare(fromawindoworlamp)onthescreen.Usually,thescreenshouldbe10to20degreesbelowyoureyelevel.Youroptometristcanrecommendaset-upforyourscreenandworkstationthatwouldbebestforyou.TheCanadianAssociationofOptometristsalsorecommendsthatyougetaneyeexameveryyearandtellyouroptometristyouworkatacomputerorVDT.Thesportsandleisureactivitiesyouenjoymayputyouathigherriskforeyeinjuries.Mostsportshavesomeriskforeyeinjury.Thosewiththehighestriskarecontactsports,racquetsports,andsportsinvolvingaballorpuck.Beforestartinganewsport,findoutwhatkindofeyeprotectionisrecommended,andalwayswearit.Youshouldbeabletofindthisinformationfromsports-governingbodies,coaches,orsportsstores.Ifyouenjoyoutdoorsportsoractivities,makesureyoureyesareprotectedfromultraviolet(UV)lightwithapairofsunglassesorgogglescertifiedtoblockUVAandUVBlight.Contactlensescanalsobeasourceofeyeinjuresofinfection.Usingdirtyordamagedlensescanleadtoeyeinfection,scratchesonthecornea(eyesurface),orothereyeproblems.Toreduceyourrisk,alwayscleanandstoreyourlensesasrecommendedbyyouroptometristoreyedoctor.Donotsharelensesorsolutions,andthrowawayyoursolutionswhentheyreachtheirexpirydate,oronemonthaftertheyarefirstopened,whicheverissooner.Don’tuseyourlensesforlongerthanrecommended(i.e.,ifyouhavedailydisposablelenses,don’ttrytomakethemlastforaweek).Ifyouthinkyoumighthaveeyedamageoraninfection,orifanythingelseworriesyou,stopusingthelensesandcheckwithyouroptometrist.Itisagoodideatohaveapairofglassesonhandincaseyouneedtotakethelensesout.51.Incertainworksituations,toprotectyoureyes,youshoulddoasfollowingEXCEPT_______.A.takearestoftenB.followyourworkplacesafetymeasuresknowthelocationofthenearesteyewashwearpropereyeprotection52.Theauthoradvisesthatthepeoplewhoworkwithcomputersshould_______.takeabreakfromcomputeruseforfifteenminutesduringeachtwo-hourperiodtakeabreakfromcomputerusefortenminutesduringeachone-hourintensiveworkputthescreen10to20degreebelowyoureyelevelA,BandCAccordingtothepassage,whichsporthashighestriskforeyeinjury?A.swimmingB.footballC.cyclingD.jogging54.Whenshouldthedailydisposablelensesbethrownaway?A.Whentheyreachtheirexpirydate.B.OnemonthaftertheyarefirstopenedC.NolongerthanaweekD.Morethanaweek55.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoWearContactLensesB.HighRisksofSportsC.ImprovingYourEyesightD.AvoidingEyeInjuryPassageFourAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothonresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifaneconomistwasaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost,peoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsarethatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectedpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Thetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices,“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayarouseresentmentandbuyer’sresistancemaybearoused.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconducivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeopleconsiderthattheyarereasonable,andtheyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.56.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatifonewantstopredictthewayconsumerswillspendtheirmoney,heshould_______.A.relyontraditionalapproachesB.trytoencourageordiscourageconsumersC.carryoutinvestigationsD.doresearchesinalaboratoryfirstWhatisthemainideaofparagraphtwo?A.Consumers’behaviorintimeofpriceincrease.B.Priceincreasestimulatespeopletohastentobuythings.C.Whatconsumersnormallybuywhentheyexpectpricestogoup.D.Consumers’attitudetowardspricechange. 58.Accordingtothesurvey,ifEnglishmenexpectpricestogoup,theywill________.A.spendlessB.buymoreC.buyonlywhattheyneedD.postponebuying59.Fromtheresultsofthesurveys,thewriterconcludesthat_______.A.maintainingstablepricesisacorrectbusinesspolicyB.thesavingandspendingpatternsinGreatBritainarebetterthanthoseinAmerica.C.theconsumersalwaysexpectpricestoremainstableD.consumersshouldadapttothechangeofprices60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisalwaysTRUEaccordingtothesurveysmentionedinthepassage?A.Consumerswillputoffbuyingthingsiftheyexpectpricestodecrease.B.Consumerbehaviorisinfluencedbythepricecondition.C.Consumerswillspendtheirmoneyquicklyiftheyexpectpricestoincrease.D.TraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarereliablePartIV.Translation(15%)Directions:PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.61.Toproveallegiancetothegangitwasnecessarytoreserve