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GeoffreyChaucer
TheCanterburyTales
1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyou
predictthegeneraltoneofthetales?
Earlyspring.Generaltone:happy,easy,lively,humorous.
2.CharacteroftheKnight?
Theknightdisplaysmanytraitswhichmakehimseemalmosttoogoodtobe
true,andatruegentlemanthatrarelyexistsinreality.Theknightholdsfour
mainadmirabletraits,makinghimthemostlikedtravelerin"TheCanterbury
Tales,"andalsoamplyingthedoubtofhisrealism.Fromthecharacters
impressiveintroduction,itisclearthatthismanisthemostvaluedand
honorabletraveleramongthegroup.Thisperfectgentlemanholdsaloveof
idealsthatareoftennotdisplayedbypeople.Firstandforemost,hebelievesin
theidealsofchivalry,andalwaysstaystruetoitsprinciples.Healsofeelsthat
oneshouldbehonest,truthfulandfaithful,whichmanypeoplearenotallof
theseideals.Theknightthinksoneshouldonlydowhatisright,andwhatwill
gainhimhonorandreputation.Thischaracteralsobelievesinfreedomand
generositytowardsall,anddisplaysthisidealrepeatedlythroughoutthenovel.
Andlastly,theknightalsostronglyfeelsthatanyproperpersonshoulddisplay
courtesyandeleganceatalltimes.
Anotheraspectofthischaracter'slifewhichmakeshimseemtooprestigious
tobetruthfulishisimpressivemilitarycareer.Hefoughtintheholywar,The
knightobviouslyheldaveryrespectablereputation,andwastreatedwithmuch
honorandrespect.Hewasaperfectgentleman,showingkindnessand
understandingtoeveryonehecameincontactwith.Theknightwasextremely
well-mannered,alwaysbeingonhisbestbehavior.Hisappearancewasthe
"finishingtouch,"addinghonorandintegritytohiscourageousandgentle
spirit.Thismaincharacterwasclothedstillinhisarmor,wearingatunicof
harshclothandhiscoatofmailisrust-stained,clearlyshowingremainingsigns
ofpastbattles.
ShakespeareHamletP8
1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”the
heartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks"?Nobodycanpredictwhathe
willdreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygoto
orunknownworldandyoucan'tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealize
hiswill.Though“sleep“canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,
itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn'tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossible
sufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan'tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,
maybegoodmaybeevil.
2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadof
choosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Deathisso
mysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebitter
sufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories...Becausepeopleholdthesame
idea"togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomething
afterdeath-theundiscover5dcountry,formwhosebournnotraveler
returns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflyto
othersthatweknownotof?”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanother
worldafterdeath.
3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?
Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.
Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn'tknow
how.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairand
wantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthis
father'sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon'tknowtheresultafter
theirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn'tknowwhatwouldhappenif
hekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.
Sonnet18P13
1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?
(Page14)
Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallI
comparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thisquestioniscomparing"thee"tothe
summertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,
treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasan
enjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealso
dedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.In
lines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwoman
fromthesummer'sday:sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."(Line2)
Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"(line3)whichhappens
andisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoet
givesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,
"Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"the
eyeofheaven"(line5),oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexion
dimmed"(line6)as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."(Line7)Thefinal
portionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvarious
aspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnot
fade."(Line9),andneverendordie.
Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplish
thiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskept
aliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencan
breatheoreyescansee."(Line13)thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementof
praiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothe
speakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheat
thatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildand
temperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.
Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatshe
istoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwill
evengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solong
livesthisandthisgiveslifetothee/Yline13>14)thatthebelovedisdeserving
toliveonforever.
2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthan
summerandimmortal?
Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:"ShallIcomparethee
toasummer'sday?”Thenhegivesananswer:4tThouartmorelovelyandmore
temperate."Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate;"ontheotherhand,''Sometimetoo
hottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.^^Sofromthe
abovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat"thou"canbemorebeautifulthan
summer.Inaddition,€tAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,
ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthy
eternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,nor
shalldeathbragthouwand5restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthou
grow,st.^^Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:"Solongasmencanbreathe
oreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee."Inthispoem,the
poetmakes"thou"morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhis
beautifullines.Sointhiscase,"thou"inthepoemcanberegardedasfemale
becauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou"canbereferredtomale,for
friendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even"thou"canbeabstract"love"or
“beauty“whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.
FrancisBacon
OfMarriageandSingleLifePl7
1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone'scareerdevelopment?
IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosingle
life.Hethinks"unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;but
notalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitives
areofthatcondition^^,“Wivesareyoungmen'smistresses;companionsfor
middleage;andoldmen'snurses”.
Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;Pmathisback,though
manyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.But
since"3Sladies"or"overleftladies“becomethecatchword,thefemaleseems
moreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertogetoldbuttomen30isthe
goldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,someare
highstandardforhusband;somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybethey
arefightinginbusiness;maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.
Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesay
“marriageisthetomboflove”,Iyetsupportmarriage.Marriageandfamily
makepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspouses
andmakelifemorecolorful.
Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,
whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.
Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsiblefor
them,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitalto
anyone?scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthe
listenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupport
eachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone'scareer
development.
2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhumanityw妻子
儿女显然是人性的一种纪律约束”o
Abachelor's单身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyon
everythingthatfeasthiseyeswithouthesitation.What'smore,heislikelyto
haveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefrom
anyburden.
However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakingan
importantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.He
shouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren's
expectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehasto
takegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthe.Aloving
husbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublicto
alargeextent.
人的感情会移位,结婚的人对人生的态度肯定与单身之时不一样。有孩子
的人更因为对孩子的爱迁移到芸芸众生身上。结婚意味着两个人的结合,
不论肉体还是精神。在无形中把不相干的两个人熔铸成合体的一个人,对
对方的关心和照顾如同自己,对对方的牵挂那是牵肠挂肚。婚姻也让两个
人变得更有责任感,感情更加丰富,对社会将会产生奇异的变化,对人生
的探索产生深远的影响。单身是自由的,没有婚姻的束缚,没有孩子的牵
绊,享受生命的存在,享受一个人的独处.当孤独来临时单身的人会去找人
生的知己,会碰到与之共度人生的另一半,于是便有了婚姻。
3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.DoyouAndhisarguments
convincing?
Yes.IthinkBacon'sargumentsareconvincing.Inthedemonstrationprocess,
Baconusesthemethodcomparisontoanalyzetheadvantagesofmarriageand
theshortcomingsofsinglelifeinordertotellusmarriageisbetterthansingle
life.Takingthesentence“wivesareyoungmen'smistresses,companionsfor
middleage,andoldmen'snurses“forexample,itisquiteconvincingand
reasonable.Marriagecanbringhappinesstopeople.Itistheecstasywhen
peoplepursuemarriageintheiryouth.Toayoungman,ononehand,awife
needshiscareandgoodgraces.Awifeisaflowerandamanshouldpaymuch
attentiontoherandgiveherspeciallove.Ontheotherhand,womenarealways
olderthanmenaccordingtotheirmentalages.So,wivesaremorematurethan
herhusbandandshecouldmakemanydecisionsandarrangementsforthe
family.Thatiswhywivesareyoungmen'smistresses.Whenamaninhis
middleage,heneedshiswifetohelphimnotonlyinthecareerbutalsointhe
familylife.Themiddle-agedmansuffersgreatpressureincareerandhewants
hiswifetosupportthefamilytogether.Also,hecouldconfidehistroublesto
hiswife.So,thatisthereasonforhavingawifeinmiddleage.Whentheman
growsolder,hisbodyisnotsostronglikebefore.So,heneedshiswifetotake
careofhimanddothethingsas“nurses“forhim.Inaddition,anoldmanis
alwayslikeachildandheneedsspecialattentionfromhiswife.So,according
tothereasonsmentionedabove,awifeisalwaysnecessarytoamanandawife
alwaysplaysimportantandirreplaceableroleinaman'slife.Inaddition,the
argumentistheconclusionaccordingtoBacon'slong-timeobservationand
considerationtowardslife.Frommyperspective,hisargumentsareconvincing.
Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon'sbasicideaisthat
marriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstep
bystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemake
somegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycares
abouthimself,hedoesn'tpayattentiontothefuture,itcanbevery
unwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.
Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,
enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:"wivesareyoung
men'smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen'snurses".It
meansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,when
hecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,
whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Even
thoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchancefor
husbandtocorrectthemselves.
Thewholeessay'smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwo
aspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,he
tellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.
AtBacon'speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthan
nowadays.
OfStudiesP18
1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion^^.Whatlessons
canwelearnfromBacon's<ofstudies>inouraccesstoinformation?
Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscience
andtechnologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientand
effectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforour
study,whichwecanappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepin
mindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessof
studying.
Actually,I'msureeveryoneclearlyknowstheimportanceandsignificanceof
reading,ofstudies.However,thebiggestproblemisthattheyhardlyhave
powerfulresistancetothosetemptationsaroundus,suchasnew-stylevideo
games,latestHollywoodblock-buster,AvrilRamonaLavigne'snextconcert.
Placedintheinformationcurrent,youngstudentsaredifficulttorationallydeal
withthefloodinginformation.Theterribleresultisthattheybecomemoreand
moreindifferenttoreadingbooks,andwheneveracademicassignscome,we
juststartuptheircomputerandaccesstoinformationontheInternetnomatter
howmuchinformationtheycanreallycopyandmakeuse.Whatapity!
Astoefficientstudymethodstoalltheseinformation,Baconinsistsonthe
combinationoftheoryandpractice,''studiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirections
toomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.^^Andintermsof
bookswhichmeanfortodaynotonlypaperbooksbutalsoinformationonline
forexamplee-books,Baconholdstheview“somebooksaretobereadonlyin
parts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadywholly,and
withdiligenceandattention,,.Alltheideascandefinitelygivecollegestudents
preciouslessonstostudyandreadingbookstoday.
Whenwefacethefloodinginformation,somearetobereadinpart;they5rejust
providingnothingthanbackgroundwhichcanbeusefultounderstandand
completeassignments.Wecannotmerelydependallonthecomputerinsteadof
meditatehardonourown.Ofcourse,practicingisquitesignificanttoday.In
fact,thatdoesn'tmeanpracticeshouldbetheactionoutofpapers;inturn,the
termpaperfinishedonone'sownisapracticeofapplyinghisknowledgeto
practicalwriting.
Informationaroundusisshowingupwithoutstopping.Theyareallnever
checkedbyexperts,trueorfalse.Weaccesstothemwheninneed.Stillwe
havetobecautiousandjustviewthemasareminderorbrainstormresourcesto
helpintegrateourideastowellorganizethewholeassignment.Thisistheright
attitudetoinformationandtoourownstudy.
2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?
Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;the
mathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,
abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancient
time,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.
Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingto
theirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakes
peoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandlivea
poeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven'tfeel
thebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocuson
theaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andformapragmatic
spirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfrom
allaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon'tread.
Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknown
mystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbe
deeperthanthesewhodon'tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Reading
moralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleof
ethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooksonvalues.Peoplewhoread
moralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrectprinciplesandcan't
dealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemastertherules
ofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.People
whoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesof
objectivetruththanthesewhodon'tactaccordingtorules.
Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.
Peopleshouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomea
comprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone'sphysicalhealthaccording
tosomereadingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What'smoreimportant,reading
promotesthedevelopmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalled
afullmanonconditionthattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationand
strictmorality.Trytoreadextensivelyandbecomeafullman.
AsfarasI'mconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,and
canmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,
thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhaveapositiveworldviewandadopt
anactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledge
structure.FromFrancisBacon's勿Studies,Iknowthattheessaynotonly
introducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesand
functionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewho
arereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfrom
reading.
FrancisBacon5sOfStudiessays"Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;the
mathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,
abletocontend.^^Thatistosay,wereadallkindsofbooksinordertohave
moreperfectknowledgeandformcriticalthinkingwhichcanmakeusbeafull
manbyreading..
Readingcanmakeafullman.Thatistosay,weshouldreadmorebookswhich
areusefulandhelpfulforus.Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferent
fields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.
Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwe
readallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreal
life,andthenaskourselveswhatwewoulddointhatsituation.Besides,we
readmorebooksandfewermistakeswouldbemadebyus.Forthat,wecan
learnmoremistakeexamplesfrombookssothatwewillmakefewmistakesin
thefuture.Soreadingcanmakeamanfullbecauseitcanmakethemantasteall
theemotionsabouttheworldandhaveatrueunderstandingaboutthelife.
OfStudiesalsoteachusthatweshouldchoosesomebooktoread,butnotread
allthebooks.Someusefulbooksshouldbereadcarefullyandtakennotes.
Differentbookshavedifferentfunctions,theessaytellsusthatreadingdifferent
bookscanbringdifferentknowledgewhichwelack.Theessaysaysthat
differentbookshavedifferentmethodstoread.
Inaword,readingbooksofcertainfieldbringscertainknowledgeandability
welack.OfStudiesgivesusthemethodofreadingbooksandgetting
knowledge.Italsotellsusdifferentbookshavedifferentfunctionsforus.So
whetherreadingmakesafullmanliesinwhatbooksyoureadandhowyou
read.Readingarightbookcanmakeamanmorewise,moreemotionaland
morerespected.
JohnDonne
TheFleaP23
1.Whydoesthepoetsaythat“thiscannotbesaidasin,orshame,orloss
ofmaidenhead"?
Thespeakertellshisbelovedtolookatthefleabeforethemandtonote"how
little"isthatthingthatshedenieshim.Fortheflea,hesays,hassuckedfirsthis
blood,thenherblood,sothatnow,insidetheflea,theyaremingled;andthat
minglingcannotbecalled"sin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead."Thefleahas
joinedthemtogetherinawaythat,"alas,ismorethanwewoulddo."
2.Whatdoyouthinkistheaddressee'sparents'attitudetowardthepoet's
wooing?
Theaddressee'sparents'attitudesareagainsthim.(...Thoughparentsgrudge...)
3.Whatistherealpurposeofthepoettosaythatinkillingtheflea"thou"
areactuallykillingthreelives?
Hecomparesthekillingofthefleatomurder.Itwouldbe“threesinsinkilling
three^^(1.18)sinceheandhisloverwouldbekilledwithinthefleaifshewere
tofollowhernaturaltendencytodisposeoftheinsect.Heevenstatesthatthe
actofkillingthefleawouldbe“sacrilege”.Thisisatermthatisgenerally
appliedtoactsthatgoagainstreligion.Iftheloverdeniesthefactthattheir
blood,andthereforetheirlives,arecontainedwithintheflea,itissimilarto
committinganirreligiousact.Thiswouldseemtomakethereverse,to
acknowledgetheirclosenesswithintheflea,compatiblewithreligion.To
acknowledgethisclosenessisalsotoacknowledgethatitisallowable,which
couldleadtotheconclusionthatDonnewisheshislovertoarriveat:sheshould
giveintohisdesiresbecausethereisnothingwrongwiththeintimatemingling
oftwopeople.
Holysonnet10
l.whydoesJohnDonnesaythatdeathisthe"slavetofate,chance,kings
anddesperatemen"?
ThepoemrevealsDonne'sbeliefinlifeafterdeath.Itreadslikeabold
challengetothe"prode""death".UnderDonne'spen,deathisneither"mighty"
nor"dreadful",formenmayderive"muchpleasure"fromdeath,and"death"is
a"slave"tomanythings.ThemeaningofthesentencefromJohnDonne's
DeathBenotProudislikethat,Death,youareslavetoFate,Chance,kings,
anddesperatemen;youaretheslavetohumanbeings.We,humanbeings,are
inchargeofyou.
2.Whatdoesthepoemmeanwhenhesays“wewakeeternaHy“afterone
shortsleep?Theworld"sleep"means"death";Thesetwolinesexpresstheidea
thatthereisnothingfrighteningindeath.Thoughwemightdie,wecankeep
alivespirituallyforever.
JohnMilton-ParadiseLost
Thegeneralsubject(总的主题)isman'sdisobedienceandthelossthereupon
ofParadise,withitsprimecause,Satan,who,havingrevoltedfromGod,has
beendrivenoutofheaven.
4.Wherearetheserpent蛇andhisfollowerscondemnedaftertheir
defeat?
TheyaredrivenfromHeavenintohell.
5.WhataretheGod'spunishmentsforthoserebelliousangelsasdescribed
byMiltoninlines59-74?
Satanlooksaroundandfindshimselfinahorribledungeon.Thereisagreat
furnaceinthedungeon.Whatisburningissulfur,withflames,butwithoutlight.
Throughthevisibledarkness,hecandiscoversightsofwoe,regionsofsorrow,
mournfulshades,wherepeaceandrestcanneverlive.Hopegoeseverywhere
excepttothisplace.ItissuchaplaceasEternalJusticehadpreparedforthose
rebels.ItisfarawayfromGodandlightofHeaven.
6.WhatisconsideredbySatanas"ignominy”and“shame”(line115)?
Tobowandsueforgracewithsuppliantkneeanddeifyhispower.Togivein
toGod,tofalldownonone'skneestobegformercysubmissively,worship
God'spower,becomescaredforGod'sauthorityandpower,loseconfidence.
7.WhatisSatanadvisingtheserpentandhisfollowerstodointhispartof
ParadiseLost?
HeisdefeatedinthebattleagainstGod,buthedoesnotloseheart.Hewillnot
bowdowntoGod.Instead,heisadvisingtheserpentandfollowerstoriseup
againandfightanotherbattle.
DanielDefoe
RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记
2.WhatdoyouthinkofCrusoe'swayofmarkingtime?Whyisit
importantforhimtokeeptrackoftime?
Agoodway.Hedoesn'twanttoforgettime.Foracivilizedman,timeis
precious.
3.Fromthisexcerpt,whatdoyouHndadmirableinRobinsonCrusoe?
Strong-minded,careful,capable,persevering,optimistic,ambitious,self-reliant,
clever,practical,adventurous,patient,rational,sympathetic,hardworking,
imaginative,energetic,courageous,amiable(kind-hearted).
Firstofall,heisadventurous.Unlikecommonpeople,Robinsoniseagerto
takeadventures.Soheisbraveundermostcircumstancesandcuriousabout
newthings.Evenwhenhewasleftinadesertedisland,hewasnotafraidof
whathewasconfrontedwith.What'smore,duringthetimehelivedinthe
island,Robinsonwasfacedwithlotsofdifficulties.However,hehasovercome
allofthemwithstrongwillandfirmdetermination.Andhetrieshisbestto
surviveandtakesanoptimisticattitudetowardslife.Insteadofdespair,
Robinsonisfullofpassioninsuchaharshsituation.Henevergetsfrustratedby
failuresandalwaysperseveresinmakingeffortstocreateanewlife.Besides,
Robinsonpaysmuchattentiontodetails.Forexample,whenhewantstofinda
placeforhissettlement,hehastakenmanyaspectsintoconsideration,suchas
security,convenience,andsunshine.Also,hemakesalistofspecificfigureson
whichhecanbasehisconstruction.Inthissense,Robinsoniscarefuland
considerate.Tosumup,Robinsonisnotonlybraveandadventurousbutalso
wiseandthoughtful.Whenhehasdifficulties,hesparesnoeffortstoovercome
themandtryhisbestsolvethefactualproblems.Whatimpressedmemostis
hisoptimismandperseverance.AllthegoodqualitiesinRobinsonCrusoeare
admirableandheshowsusapositiveattitudetowardslife.
Confrontingsuchanadversity,Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerand
staunchlife-force.Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwit
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