新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 Lesson28全套

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson28【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whatarepatientslookingforwhentheyvisitthedoctor?Thisisascepticalage,butalthoughourfaithinmanyofthethingsinwhichourforefathersferventlybelievedhasweakened,ourconfidenceinthecurativepropertiesofthebottleofmedicineremainsthesameatheirs.ThismodernfaithinmedicinesisprovedthefactthattheannualdrugbilloftheHealthServicesismountingtoastronomicalfiguresandshowsnosignsatpresentofceasingtorise.Themajorityofthepatientsattendingthemedicalout-patientsdepartmentsofourhospitalsfeelthattheyhavenotreceivedadequatetreatmentunlesstheyareabletocarryhomewiththemsometangibleremedyintheshapeofabottleofmedicine,aboxofpills,orasmalljarofointment,andthedoctorinchargeofthedepartmentisonlytooreadytoprovidethemwiththeserequirements.Thereisnoquickermethodofdisposingofpatientsthenbygivingthemwhattheyareaskingfor,andsincemostmedicalmenintheHealthServicesareoverworkedandhavelittletimeforofferingtime-consumingandlittle-appreciatedadviceonsuchsubjectsasdiet,rightliving,andtheneedforabandoningbadhabitsetc.,thebottle,thebox,andthejararealmostalwaysgrantedthem.Norisitonlytheignorantandill-educatedpersonwhohassuchfaithinthebottleofmedicine.ItisrecountedofThomasCarlylethatwhenheheardoftheillnessofhisfriend,HenryTaylor,hewentoffimmediatelytovisithim,carryingwithhiminhispocketwhatremainedofabottleofmedicineformerlyprescribedforanindispositionofMrs.Carlyle's.Carlylewasentirelyignorantofwhatthebottleinhispocketcontained,ofthenatureoftheillnessfromwhichhisfriendwassuffering,andofwhathadpreviouslybeenwrongwithhiswife,butamedicinethathadworkedsowellinoneformofillnesswouldsurelybeofequalbenefitinanother,andcomfortedbythethoughtofthehelphewasbringingtohisfriend,hehastenedtoHenryTaylor'shouse.Historydoesnotrelatewhetherhisfriendacceptedhismedicalhelp,butinallprobabilityhedid.Thegreatadvantageoftakingmedicineisthatitmakesnodemandsonthetakerbeyondthatofputtingupforamomentwithadisgustingtaste,andthatiswhatallpatientsdemandoftheirdoctors--tobecuredatnoinconveniencetothemselves.【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】scepticaladj.怀疑的forefathersn.祖先ferventlyadv.热情地curativeadj.治病的astronomicaladj.天文学的tangibleadj.实实在在的remedyn.药物ointmentn.药膏prescribev.开药方indispositionn.小病disgustingn.令人讨厌的inconveniencen.不便【课文注释】1.scepticaladj.怀疑的例句：Maryisscepticalaboutthesolution.玛丽对这个解决办法表示怀疑。2.ferventlyadv.热情地例句：Forhersake,aswellasforJohn's,Ihopedferventlythatshemightstillbefound.为了她的缘故，也为了约翰，我热切地希望她能被找到。3.curativeadj.治病的例句：Thescaffoldwerebelievedtohavecurativepowers.人们认为绞刑架具有治病的功效。4.thesameatheirs，这里的theirs是指ourforefathers。5.astronomicalfigures天文数字6.tangibleadj.可触摸的，实际的，有形的，确凿的例句：Itistheonlytangibleobjecttheastronomercanhandle.这是天文学家能够掌握的唯一可接触的对象。Theplanbroughtfewtangiblebenefitstothepoor.这个计划没有给穷人带来多少实际好处。【反义词】intangibleadj.难以明了的，无形的…例句：Theoldbuildinghaveanintangibleairofsadnessaboutit.那座古老建筑物周围笼罩著说不出的凄凉气氛。Soundisintangibleandthesameistrueoflight.声音是无形的，而光也同样如此。7.onlytooreadytoprovide非常乐意提供。在英语中too…todo…的结构通常表示否定，但如果在前面加上only，就有“非常……能做”的意思。8.disposeof处理例句：Iwanttodisposeoftheseoldbooks.我想处理掉这些旧书。Hedoesn'tknowhowtodisposeofhissparetime.他不知道怎样安排业余时间。9.ItisrecountedofThomasCarlyle据说，托马斯卡莱尔……(有下面这件事)。托马斯卡莱尔是19世纪英国著名的散文作家和历史学家。10.prescribev.开处方，规定例句：I'llprescribeforyouassoonasIgetthereport.我拿到报告就给你开处方。【短语词组】prescribefor为……开处方【词义辨析】recommend,advocate,propose,suggest,prescribe这些动词均含“劝告、主张、建议”之意。recommend:指向对方提出公开的建议或规劝。advocate:指公开表明对某事或某行为的完全赞同，语气强于recommend。propose:多指较正式地提出建议。suggest:语气较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见。prescribe:多指医生开处方。11.inallprobability很可能例句：Inallprobabilitythemoneywillnotbepaid.这笔钱很可能是不会偿付的。Havingdisappearedforlong,hehasbeenkidnappedinallprobability.他失踪了这么久十之八九是被绑架了。12.putupwith忍受例句：Wehavetoputupwithherbadtemper.我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan'tputupwithit.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。【参考译文】这是一个怀疑一切的时代，可是虽然我们对我们祖先笃信的许多事物已不太相信，我们对瓶装药品疗效的信心仍与祖辈一样坚定。卫生部门的年度药费上升到了天文数字，并且目前尚无停止上升的迹象，这个事实证实了现代人对药物的依赖。在医院门诊部看病的大多数人觉得，如果不能带回一些看得见、摸得着的药物，如一瓶药水，一盒药丸、一小瓶药膏回家的话，就没算得到了充分的治疗。负责门诊的医生也非常乐意为前来看病的人提供他们想要得到的药物，病人要什么就给什么，没有比这样处理病人更快的方法了。因为卫生部门的大多数医生超负荷工作，所以没有多少时间提出一些既费时而又不受人欢迎的忠告，如注意饮食、生活有规律，需要克服坏习惯等等，结果就是把瓶药、盒药、罐药开给看病的人而完事大吉。并不只是那些无知和没受过良好教育的人才迷信药瓶子。据说托马斯.卡