【高二 拓展阅读-科技】Biomass Energy

BiomassEnergyBiomasssoundslikeacomplicatedword,butitreallyisn't.Biomassisjustanymaterialmadebyplantsandanimalsthatwecanconvertintoenergy.Biomasshasenergystoredinitfromthesun.Plantsgetenergyfromthesunthroughphotosynthesis.Animalsgettheirenergyindirectlyfromthesunbyeatingplants.Biomassenergyisconsideredarenewableenergysourcebecausewecanalwaysgrowmoreplantsandtrees.Itisnotaninfiniteresource,however,asthereisonlysomuchlandandwatertogrowplants.MainTypesofBiomassEnergyBiomassenergycomesinmanyshapesandforms.ThemajorityofbiomassenergyintheUnitedStatescomesfromwood.Otherpopularformsofbiomassincludecropssuchascorn,manure,andevengarbage.HowDoWeGetPowerfrombiomass?•Burning--Onewaytoreleasetheenergyfrombiomassistoburnit.Theheatfromburningbiomasscanbeusedtoheathomesortocreatesteamwhichcanthengenerateelectricity.Oneexampleofthisisburningafireinyourhome.•Methanegas--Whenbiomassrots,itproducesmethanegasMethanegascanbeusedtomakenaturalgaswhichisacommonsourceofenergy.Thismeansthatwhengarbagerotsinlandfills，thatstinky（有臭味的）gascanbeusedforenergy！•Biofuels--Somecrops，likecornandsugarcane，canbeconvertedintoabiofuelcalledethanol（乙醇）.Ethanolcanbeusedinsteadofgasolineinmanycars.Anothertypeofbiofuelisbiodiesel（生物柴油）.Biodieselcanbemadefromvegetableoilsandanimalfats.Biodieselcanbeusedasheatingoilandalsotopowercarsandbuses.ArethereAnyDrawbackstoBiomassEnergy？Someofthenegativestousingbiomassenergyinclude:•Airpollutionfromburning.•Releasinggreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.•Burningtrashandwastecanreleaseharmfulchemicalsandgasesintotheenvironment.FunFactsaboutBiomassEnergy•Themethanegasfromcowmanurecanbeusedtocreateenergy.•MostofthegasolinesoldintheUnitedStatescontainssomeethanol.•Garbageisburnedforenergyaswell.Thisnotonlymakesuseoftrashforenergy，butreducestheamountoftrashthatgoesintolandfills.ThisprocessiscalledWaste-to-Energy.•Farmerscreateenergyfromanimalmanureusingtankscalleddigesters.•Thedigestersproducebiogas，whichcanbeusedtogenerateelectricity.Themainingredientneededforethanolissugars.Thesesugarsarefoundinplantssuchascorn,rice,sugarcane,barley,switchgrass,andevengrassclippings（剪下物）.•BiodieselisthefastestgrowingalternativefuelintheUnitedStatesReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutBiomassfromthisarticle?A.Itgetsenergyfromthesunthroughphotosynthesis.B.Itreferstoplantsthatcannotbeconvertedintoenergy.C.Itisaninfiniteresource.D.Itisarenewableenergysource.2.WheredoesmostofthebiomassenergyintheUScomefrom?A.Corn.B.Garbage.C.Vegetable.D.Wood.3.Whatisproducedwhengarbagerots?A.Carbondioxide.B.Oxygen.C.Methanegas.D.Hydrogen.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbemadefromcornorsugarcane?A.Gasoline.B.Diesel.C.Ethanol.D.Naturalgas.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadrawbacktousingbiomassenergy?A.Burningbiomassgeneratesairpollution.B.Somebiofuelsreleasegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxide.C.Burningtrashandwastecanreleaseharmfulchemicals.D.Therottingbiomassproducesastinkygas.Vocabulary基础词complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的英involvingalotofdifferentpartsinawaythatisdifficulttounderstand记词根记忆：com（表加强）+plic（重叠）+ated→重叠在一起的→复杂的搭acomplicatedsituation复杂的形势steam n.蒸汽；水汽v.蒸，蒸发记联想记忆：水汽（steam）汇聚成溪流（stream）搭runoutofsteam精疲力尽；丧失热情generate v.产生；引起英toproduceorcreatesth记词根记忆：gener（产生）+ate（使…）→产生（电）搭generateelectricity发电rot n.腐烂，变质；（细菌引起的）腐败病，腐蚀病v.腐烂例Thebeamshadrottedaway.横梁已经腐烂了。landfill n.垃圾填埋地；垃圾填埋法英anareainwhichverylargeamountsofrubbishareburied；gettingridoflargeamountsofrubbishbyburying记组合词：land（地）+fill（填充）→垃圾填埋地搭alandfillsite垃圾填埋地atmosphere n.大气；空气；大气层；气氛记词根记忆：atmo（气）+sphere（球体）→围绕地球的空气→大气alternative adj.替换的；供选择的记词根记忆：altern（其他的）+ative（…的）→有其他的供选择→替换的；供选择的搭alternativeenergy可替代能源Vocabulary进阶词biomass n.生物量；有机燃料英deadplantandanimalmaterialsuitableforusingasfuel搭biomassenergy生物能finite adj.无限的英verygreat；impossibletomeasureanursewithinfinitepatience无比耐心的护士manure n.肥料；粪肥搭abagofmanure一袋肥料methane n.甲烷；沼气英acolourlessgaswithoutasmell，whichisoftenusedasafuel搭methanegas沼气methaneice甲烷冰trash n.垃圾；无价值之物；拙劣的文学（或艺术）作品；没用的人ⅵ.捣毁，破坏英thingsthatyouthrowawaybecausetheyarenolongeruseful记联想记忆：tr+ash（灰）→像灰尘一样微不足道→废物；垃圾搭trashcan垃圾桶chemical adj.化学的；用化学方法制造的；化学作用的n.化学制品；化合物搭chemicalreaction化学反应chemicalagent化学试