【高二 拓展阅读-生命科学】Extreme Temperatures

ExtremeTemperaturesAblisteringly（极度地）hotsummerafternoonorabitterlycoldwintermorningmayfeellikequitedifferentenvironments,buttheyshareacommonfactor:severedanger.Temperatureextremesonbothendsofthethermometer（温度计）cancarryinherentriskstoalllivingcreatures.Manyanimalspeciesfollowtheirinstinctsandknowwhentoseekshelterorhibernate（冬眠）.Humanbeingsarenotalwaysasintuitive,anddecidetochallengenature'sseasonalthreats.Unfortunately,MotherNatureisoftenthetruevictorinthesesituations.Exposuretoextremeheat,whetherduetoapowerfulsun,ortotheintensetemperaturesinsidebuildings,canresultineverythingfromrelativelymildheatexhaustiontothepotentiallyfatalheatstroke.Anumberofinternalandexternalfactorsimpacthowpeoplecopewithextremeheat.Forexample,age,weight,medicalconditionsclothing,andthetypeofworkbeingdonecanallaffectaperson'sabilitytotoleratehightemperatures.Theissuecanbefurthercomplicatedifthereishighhumidityoralackofadequateaircirculation.Exposuretoextremecoldisalsoquitethreatening.Frostbite（冻伤），especiallytoextremitiessuchasfingers，toes，noseandearlobes（耳垂），isadanger.Thegreatestriskishypothermia（体温过低），inwhichthebodylosesitsabilitytowarmitself.Withoutmedicalattentionitcanbelethaldealingwiththecoldisadditionallydifficultifthereisastrongwindoranytypeofprecipitation.Protectionagainstextremeweatherconditionsissimpleifpeopleareeducatedabouttherisks.Knowingwhatsymptomstowatchfor，whatclothingtowear-ornotwear，andwhentoseekmedicalhelpiswhatkeepsthetemperaturepartofnatureratherthanamenace.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatdoextremecoldandextremeheathaveincommon?A.Theyonlyaffecthumanbeings.B.Theycouldbeseverelydangerous.C.Theyappearonlyincertainpartsoftheworld.D.Theycouldbeavoidedeasily.2.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTaffectaperson'sabilitytotoleratehightemperatures?A.Medicalconditions.B.Clothing.C.Mood.D.Weight.3.Whichfactorismostdangeroustosomeonesufferingfromhypothermia？A.Exposuretoastrongwind.B.Lackofventilation（通风）C.Extremehumidity.D.Risingtemperature.4.Whichpart（s）ofourbodyis/aremostvulnerabletofrostbite？A.Fingers.B.Nose.C.Earlobes.D.Alloftheabove.5.Whichistheprimarywaytopreventthedangerfromextremetemperatures？A.Shutingdownthebusinessesduringextremetemperatures.B.Educatingpeopleastopossiblerisks，preventionandtreatments.C.Checkingworkersforsymptomsduringparticulartimes.D.Wearingprotectivetypesofclothingthatcoversupaltexposedskin.Vocabulary基础词commonadj.普通的；公共的；共有的搭have…incommon相同；有相同的特征commonsense常识severeadj.严重的；严厉的；艰巨的；剧烈的记词根记忆：sever（诚恳）+e→态度诚恳→严厉的搭theseverestcriticism最严厉的批评dangern.危险搭indanger处于危险中extremen.完全相反的事物；极端不同的情况（情感等）；极端adj.极度的；极端的；末端的记联想记忆：extre（看作extra，以外的）+me（我）→在我忍受的极限外→极端的搭extremesofloveandhate爱和恨两种完全不同的感情extremeopinions极端的看法creaturen.动物；生物；（有特性或特质的）人英alivingthing，realorimaginary，thatcanmovearound，suchasananimal记词根记忆：cre（产生）+ature（与行为有关之物）→生物speciesn.（动物或植物的）种，种类；物记词根记忆：speci（种类）+es（动物或植物的）种搭endangeredspecies濒危物种sheltern.遮蔽物；住所；藏身之处v.躲避英（abuildingdesignedtogive）protectionfrombadweather，danger，etc记联想记忆：she看作she，壳）+ter→像壳一样的东西→遮蔽物threatn.威胁；恐吓搭poseamajorthreatto...对…构成重大威胁exposuren.暴露；显露记词根记忆：ex（出）+pos（放）+ure（表名词）→放出来→显露搭exposureto…暴露于…intenseadj.很大的；强烈的英verygreat；verystrong记词根记忆：in（不）+tens（伸展）+e→拉到了不能再伸展的地步→强烈的symptomn.症状；征兆记词根记忆：sym（共同）+ptom（现象）→+病人们出现相同的现象→症状Vocabulary进阶词inherentadj.内在的；生来就有的，固有的英existingasanaturalorbasicpartofsth记词根记忆：in（向内）+her（黏附）+ent（…的）→黏附在内的→内在的intuitiveadj.直觉的英basedonfeelingsratherthanfactsorproof记词根记忆：in（不）+u（指导）+ive（有…倾向的）→不用指导就有（感觉）的→直觉的fatadj.致命的；重大的；命中注定的；灾难性的记来自fate（n命运）stroken.击，打；（病）突然发作，中风；（体育中的）击球；（游泳或划船的）划；一击报时的钟声；抚摸ⅵ.抚摸记联想记忆：与strike（v.打击）起记internaladj.内部的；国内的英connectedwiththeinsideofsthexternaladj.外部的，外面的，表面的记词根记忆：extern（外来的）+a（…的）→外面的humidityn.湿度；潮湿记词根记忆：humd（潮湿的）+ity（表名词）潮湿adequateadj.充足的；合适的，合格的，合乎需要的记词根记忆：ad（表加强）+equ（平等）+ate（…的）→比平等多的→充足的circulationn.（体液的）循环，（水、空气等的）流通；流传，传播；发行（量）记来自circul