【高一 拓展阅读-自然和环境】What Happens During a Tsunami

WhatHappensDuringaTsunami?Tsunamis(海啸)arelargeandpowerfuloceanwavesthatgrowinsizeastheyreachtheshore.Theycancausemajordamageastheyrushinlandfloodingcitiesanddestroyinghomes.Tsunamisarecausedbyalargedisplacementofwater.Thinkofwhenyouaresittinginthebathtubandyoumoveforwardinthetub.ThiscancausearelativelylargewaveThesamethinghappensintheoceanwhenalargeamountofwaterissuddenlymovedAnumberofeventsmaycausethiskindofmovementincludingearthquakes,landslidesvolcaniceruptions,glaciersbreakingoff,andevenmeteorites.Mosttsunamisarecausedbyearthquakes.Anearthquakeoccurswhenalargeareaoftheearth’scrustsuddenlymoves.Whenthishappensunderwater,biggapsmayappearontheoceanfloor.Whenwatermovesintofillthisgap,atsunamiisborn.Whathappensduringatsunami?1.Oncethewaterismovedbyanearthquakeorotherevent,largewaveslikeripplesspreadoutfromthepointwherethewaterfirstmoved2.Thesewavescanmovequicklyandforverylongdistances.Sometsunamishavebeenknowntotravelforthousandsofmilesacrosstheoceanandtravelatspeedsofupto500milesperhour.3.Asthewavestravelthroughthedeeppartsoftheocean,theircrestisusuallyshortonlyafewfeettall.Thismakesitdifficulttodetectatsunamiastheyarenotnecessarilyvisibleinthedeepocean4.Whenthewavesapproachlandandshallowwater,theypileupandgrowinheight5.Atthecoastline（海岸线）,atrough（波谷）ofthewavemayappear.Thiswillcausedrawbacktooccurontheshoreline（海岸线）.thewatermayrecedeforsomedistanceThiscanbedangerousaspeoplemaybetemptedtowalkoutintotheopenarea6.Whenthewavearrivesontheshore,itwillusuallybeatallwallofwater.Thewaterwillrushinland,sometimesforsomedistanceandwithgreatspeedandpower.Theheightofthetsunamiwavewilldependonthetopographyoftheshoreline.Sometsunamishavebeenknowntoreachheightsof100feet.7.Morewavesmayarrive.ThetimeperiodbetweenwavesmaybeseveralminutesWhyaretsunamisdangerous？Eventhoughtsunamisslowdownastheyapproachtheshoreline,theycanstillbetravellingathighwayspeedsofover50milesperhour.Ahugewallofwatertravellingatthisspeedcancausemajordamage.Alargetsunamicantravelmanymilesinlandandwipeoutentirecoastalcities.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.Whatisatsunami?A.Anyearthquakethatcausessignificantdamage.B.Alargestormwithveryhighspeedwinds.C.Alargeandpowerfuloceanwave.D.Atypeoftornado.2.Howdoesatsunamiform?A.Byalargedisplacementofwater.B.Bytherotationoftheearth.C.BythegravitationalpulloftheMoon.D.Bywindtravellingoverthesurfaceoftheocean.3.Whichofthefollowingnaturaleventscancauseatsunami?A.Earthquakes.B.Volcaniceruptions.C.Landslides.D.Alloftheabove.4.WhichoneisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?AWavescanmovequicklyduringatsunamiBAtsunamicanreachaheightof500feetC.AlargetsunamicantravelmanymilesinlandDEarthquakescausethemosttsunamis5.ThespeedthattsunamistravelastheyapproachtheshorelinecanreachA.100feetperhour.B.thousandsofmilesperhour.C.500milesperhour.D.50milesperhour.Vocabulary基础词powerful adj.强大的；强有力的；（药等）有功效的 英(ofpeople)beingabletocontrolandinfluencepeopleandevents 记词根记忆power（力量）+ful（有…的）→有力的inland adj.内地的；内陆的adv.在内地,向内陆 英inortowardsthemiddleofacountry；awayfromthecoast 记组合词in（在…内）+land（陆地）→内地的event n.比赛项目；事件；大事；社交活动 记联想记忆预防（prevent）意外事件（event）earthquake n.地震 记组合词earth（地球）+quake（震动）→地震eruption n.（火山、战争等）爆发；（疾病）发作 英anoccasionwhenavolcanosuddenlythrowsoutburningrocks, smoke,etc 记来自erupt（vi.爆发；喷发） 搭volcaniceruption火山爆发spread n./v.[spread-spread延伸；展开；传播 英tocoveralargearea 记联想记忆sp+read（阅读）→通过阅读来拓展我们的视野→延 伸shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的；微弱的英nothavingmuchdistancebetweenthetoporsurfaceandthebottom 记与shadow（影子）一起记 搭ashallowlake一个浅水湖occur ⅵ.发生；出现 记词根记忆oc（表加强）+cur（跑,引申为“发生”）→发生例Itneveroccurstotheboytocontacthisparents.这个男孩从来没有想过要联系他的父母。coastal adj.沿海的 记词根记忆coast（海滨）+al（…的）→沿海的Vocabulary进阶词displacement n.取代；免职；被追迁徙；排量,排水量 英theactofforcingsb./sth.awayfromtheirhomeorpositionmeteorite n.陨石；陨星 英apieceofrockfromouterspacethathitstheearthssurface 记词根记忆meteor（流星）+ite（表物）→陨石 搭meteoritefragment陨石碎片meteoriteimpact陨石撞击crust n.地壳；硬的表面；面包皮 记联想记忆这个铁制品的外壳（crust）上布满了一层锈（rust） 搭theearth’scrust地壳ripple n.细浪,涟漪v.起涟漪；传开；传遍 记联想记忆riddle（谜语）变d为pp即ripple（细浪） 搭rippleeffect连锁反应crest n.顶峰,顶点；浪尖；羽冠v.达到顶点 记联想记忆c+rest（休息）爬到顶峰再休息吧→顶峰detect vt.发现；察觉；侦查出；测出 记词根记忆de（去掉）+tect（盖子）去掉盖子→发现例Therobotscandetectunauthorisedpersonnelandalertsecuritystaffimmediately机器人能够发现未经允许擅自闯入的人员,并马上向保安人员发出警报。recede vi.消退；后退；渐渐远去；逐渐减弱 记词根记忆re（