2024届高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）+考点分类练（一）　细节理解题-直接信息类 (含答案)

考点分类练(一)细节理解题——直接信息类A(2023·全国乙卷)PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.TanYunxian(1461-1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.JamesBarry(c.1789-1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,andthenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831-1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.1.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery. D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.2.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A.Shewroteabook. B.Shewentthroughtrials.C.Sheworkedasadentist. D.Shehadformaleducation.3.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.B(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.6.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.CDifferentfromatext-heavynovel,coffeetablebooksofferlargeimagesandsmallersectionsofthetext,allowingustoeasilydiveinandexplore.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt:MasterpiecePaintingsbyKathrynCalleyGalitzIfyou’reunabletowanderalongthecorridorsofthisworld-famousmuseumyourself,don’tpanic;thisbookoffersanimpressiveinsightintosomeofthemasterpieceshousedhere.Amazingimageswillattractthecasualreaders,whileinsightsfromGalitz,curator(馆长)ofthemuseum,intodifferentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryloversalike.DestinationsofaLifetime:225oftheWorld’sMostAmazingPlacesbyNationalGeographicWithlarge,strikingphotos,amereglancethroughthisbookwillfueltheurgetotravel.Besidesafewofthehotplaces,thereareplentyofdestinationsyoumaynothaveheardof.Alongsideimagesofdramaticlandscapes,accompanyingtextrevealshighlightsateachspotandhandytipsonexperiencingthemlikealocal.TheSecretGardenersbyVictoriaSummerleyWhenpeoplearethinkingofsomeofBritain’smostfamousnames,theirbusylifestylesprobablyspringtomind.But,awayfromthepubliceye,theseindividualsarejustlikeus,andlovenothingmorethanspendinghoursintheirgardens.Thepagesofthisbeautifulbooksharefantasticimagesfromthegardensof25well-knownpersonalities.TheStoryofFood:AnIllustratedHistoryofEverythingWeEatbyDKTheoriginsandfactsofdifferentingredientsareincludedinthisbook,alongwithexplorationsintothedevelopmentofcookingovertheages.Thebookismoretext-heavy,butdon’tletthatputyouoff;therearestillplentyofbeautifulphotosandvividillustrationsthroughout.8.Whichofthefollowingbooksincludesopinionsfromanexpert?A.TheSecretGardeners.B.TheStoryofFood.C.DestinationsofaLifetime.D.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.9.WhatdoesVictoriawriteabout?A.Historyofcooking.B.Tipsontravellingcheaply.C.Lifestylesofpersonalities.D.PrivategardensinBritain.10.WhatmakesTheStoryofFooddifferent?A.Itcontainsbiggersectionsofwords.B.Itprovidesdatapeopleneverheardof.C.Itappealstocasualreadersandspecialists.D.Itsharessomefantasticimages.

考点分类练(一)细节理解题——直接信息类【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。1.C解析细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“...wheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.”以及James介绍中的“Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813...”可知,她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。2.A解析细节理解题。根据TanYunxian介绍中的最后一句“In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.”可知,她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。3.D解析细节理解题。根据RebeccaLeeCrumpler介绍中的“Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.”可知,她