Unit6SectionB课堂精讲 练习 人教版英语八年级下册

第第页八年级英语（下）Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.SectionB一、知识点回顾1.Nobodywantedtosoundstupid.没人想让自己听起来愚蠢。（1）nobody不定代词,意为“没有人”,作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 NobodycomestoschoolonSunday.星期天没人来上学。 Iknockedatthedoorbutnobodyanswered.我敲了敲门,但没人来开。（）Ourteacherwasveryhappybecause_________failedtheexamination. A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody2.HanselandGretellivednearaforestwiththeirfatherandstepmother.韩赛尔和葛雷特与他们的父亲和继母住在森林附近。 with表示“和……在一起”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与with前面的主语一致。 HewithhisparentsisgoingtovisitMountTainextweek.下星期他和父母要去游泰山。 Thethreechildrenwiththeirfatheraregettingonthebus.这三个孩子和他们的爸爸正在上公共汽车。【知识拓展】当主语部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划船。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.这个教师和一些学生在参观工厂。（）Theteacher,______severalstudents,______discussingtheproblem. A.togetherwith;is B.aswellas;are C.and;is D.alongwith;are3.Thewifetoldherhusbandthatunlessheleftthechildrentodieintheforest,thewholefamilywoulddie.妻子告诉她丈夫除非他把孩子们留在森林里死掉,否则一家人都会被饿死。（1）leavesb/sth+介词短语,意为＂把某人或某物遗留在某地＂,leave在此意为＂遗留,遗忘＂,其过去式为left。Don’tleavethedirtydishesinthekitchenafterdinner.饭后不要把脏餐具留在厨房。【知识拓展】（1）leavesbbyoneself(=leavesbalone)意为＂把某人单独留下＂。Theyareverybusywithworkandalwaysleavetheirsonathomebyhimself.他们工作非常忙,总是把儿子一个人留在家中。（2）表示＂将……交给……＂用leavesb.sth.或leavesth.with/tosb.。Hisgrandfatherlefthimalargesumofmoney.他爷爷留给他一笔数目可观的钱。Leavethistomeortakeit.要么把这给我,要么你带走。不要把你的孩子单独留在家里。Don’t_______________yourkids_______________homealone.（2）wholefamily整个家庭。whole意为＂整个的,全部的＂,后面接名词作宾语。Heskatedforthewholefivehoursyesterday.他昨天滑冰滑了整整五个小时。Thewholeworldwassurprisedatthenews.那条新闻震惊了全世界。【易混辨析】all与whole的区别allall意为＂整个的,全部的＂,强调各个部分组成的整体,可修饰不可数名词/可数名词复数。有冠词/指示代词/所有格等限定词时,all放在它们之前,即all+限定词+名词Areallthestudentsheretoday?今天所有的学生都到了吗?wholewhole意为＂整个的,全部的＂,强调完整无缺,不可分割的整体,修饰单数可数名词,有冠词/指示代词/所有格等限定词时,whole放于它们之后。即限定词+whole+名词Theytoldmethewholestory.他们给我讲了整个的故事。当复数可数名词前有具体的数量词时,则可以用wholethreewholedays/allthreedays三整天①所有的同学按时到达。______________________________studentsarriveontime.②他们搜查了全城。Theysearchedthe______________________________.4.Didyouhearourstepmotherplanningtokillus?你听到继母正计划着杀死我们吗？（1）hear表示＂听见,听到＂,常用的结构：hearsbdosth听到某人做某事；hearsbdoingsth听到某人正在做某事。前者指听到某动作进行的全过程,而后者是指听到动作正在进行。Ihearhimtalkingnextdoor.我听到他正在隔壁房间讲话。Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.昨天我听见她唱了这首歌。【知识拓展】hearof听说hearfrom收到……的信（）Didyou_______________Tomlastnight?A.heardfrom B.hearof C.hearfrom D.hearaletterfrom（2）plantodosth.表示＂打算、计划做某事＂,其中动词不定式todosth作宾语。Weplantobuildanewhousehere.我们计划在这儿建一所新房子。Sheplanstohelpmewithmymaththisevening.她准备今晚帮我学数学。（）—Whatdoyou_______________watchtonight?—IplantowatchIamasinger.A.plan B.toplan C.planto5.I’mdroppingwhitestonesalongtheway.UnlessIdo,we’llbelost.我正在沿路扔白色的石头。如果我不这样做,我们将会迷路的。（1）alongtheway“沿路”,along此处作介词,意为“沿着”。 Therearetreesallalongtheroad.沿着这条路从头到尾都有树。【易混辨析】 along“沿着”,指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动 across“横过；穿过”,主要表示从某物的表面经过 through“通过,穿过”,表示从某个空间或内部穿过 Isawhimwalkingalongtheriver.我看见他正沿着那条河走。 Hewentacrossthebridgecarefully.他小心地走过桥。 Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.他独自一人不行穿过森林。（）Myfatherhasahabitofjogging_________theJinchuanRiverforanhourinthemorning. A.between B.along C.over D.through（2）belost“迷路”,相当于getlost。lost此处用作形容词,意为“丢失的；迷路的”。 Ifoundmylostkey.我找到了丢失的钥匙。 Hewaslostonthewayhome.他在回家的路上迷路了。注意：lost还是动词lose的过去式和过去分词形式。6.Whatalongtimeyousleptintheforest!你们在森林里睡了这么久！本句是what引导的感叹句。alongtime很长的时间,time作＂时间＂讲时是不可数名词,但前面有修饰词long,加a为习惯用法。what引导的感叹句结构如下：（1）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!Whataheavyboxitis!这是一个多么重的箱子！（2）What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!Whatcoldweatheritis!天气真冷！Whatbadweather!多糟糕的天气！（3）What(+a/an)+名词（+主语+谓语）!Whataday(itis)!这鬼天气！how引导的感叹句结构：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howhighthebirdflies!这鸟飞得真高！Howbeautifultheflowersare!这些花多漂亮啊！【知识拓展】（）_______________excitingsportitistogobikeriding!A.Whata B.Whatan C.What D.How7.Look!It’sleadingustothatwonderfulhousemadeofbread,cakeandcandy.看!它正引导我们去那个由面包、蛋糕和糖做成的漂亮的房子。（1）lead意为＂带路；路＂,过去式和过去分词均为led,常用结构：leadsbtosomeplace引导某人去代词。Whatledyoutothinkso?是什么使你这样想的？Goodhabitsleadtosuccess.好的习惯是成功的关键。IledLindatomyschoolyesterday.昨天我带琳达去我学校了。玛丽将领我去她家。Marywill_______________me_______________herhouse.（2）(be)madeof意为＂由……制成＂。Thesweaterismadeofwool.这件毛衣是羊毛做的。Hebuiltawonderfulhousemadeofmarble.他建了一栋用大理石砌成的豪宅。【易混辨析】bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadein,bemadeupof的区别bemadeof表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物理变化。Thekiteismadeofpaper.这个风筝是用纸做的。bemadefrom表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。Butterismadefrommilk.黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。bemadein在……地方制造,产于……地方,表示某物是在某地生产或制造的。ThiskindofperfumeismadeinEngland.这种香水产于英国。bemadeupof由……组成(构成),指主要部分由两个或两个以上的部分组成(构成)。Thecommissionismadeupoffivepeople,includingtwowomen.委员会由五人组成,其中包括两名妇女。【图解助记】bemade的不同搭配①那张桌子由竹子制成。Thattable_____________________________________________bamboo.②这纸是木头做的。Thepaper_____________________________________________wood.8.Thentheyhearanoldwoman’svoicefrominsidethehouse.此时,他们听见从房子里面传来一个老妇人的声音。voice名词,意为＂声音,嗓音＂。常用短语：inalow/loudvoice,意为＂低声/大声地＂Wetalkedinalowvoicesothatweshouldn’twakethebabyup.我们小声说话以免吵醒婴儿。【易混辨析】voice,noise,sound的区别voice一般指人的说话声、歌声或笑声,也可用来指鸟鸣声或一些拟人化的声音。Heisnotingoodvoice.他现在的嗓音不好。noise意为＂噪声,喧闹声＂,指不悦耳、令人讨厌的声音、杂声、噪声。Theoldmanenjoyedtheholiday,awayfromthecitynoise.这位老人喜欢度假,远离城市的喧闹。sound的含义较广,指人们听到的各种声音,有意义或无意义的声音。There’snosoundcomingfromtheTV.电视机没有发出声音。【温馨提示】感官动词如see,hear,watch,feel,notice等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常不带to。Theysawthethiefcrossthestreetjustnow.他们看到那个小偷刚刚穿过了街道。①Heheardsomeone_______________(cry)inthecorneroftheclassroom.②Ioftensawtheboy_______________(play)thepianointhemusicclassroomlastyear.9.Whoisbraveenoughtoeatmyhouse?谁这么大胆敢吃我的房子?（1）enough用作副词,意为＂充足地,足够地＂,修饰形容词或副词,置于这些词的后面。（2）adj.+enough+todo意为＂做某事是足够……的＂。Themanisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.这位男士足够强壮,能够搬动这个重箱子。enough的不同用法（1）enough可作形容词,意为＂足够的,充足的＂,修饰名词,置于名词的前后均可,但一般放在前面。Don’tworry.Wehaveenoughtimetodothejob.不要担心,我们有足够的时间去做工作。（2）adj.+enoughtodosth.常可与too...to...或so...that...相互转化。【知识拓展】【图解助记】①她年纪够大,可以独自旅行了。Sheis_____________________________________________travelbyherself.②Theiceistoothintoskateon.(改为同义句)Theiceisn’tthick______________________________skateon.10.Theycouldseethestonesbecauseoftheshiningmoon.Thestonesshowedthemthewayhome.因为月光,他们能够看到石头,石头指引他们回家的路。（1）becauseof意为＂因为,由于＂,其后常接名词或名词短语。Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.他因为生病没有去上学。（）Ididn’tgotothepartynot_______________theweather,but_______________Ididn’tfeelwell.A.becauseof；becauseB.because；becauseofC.because；becauseD.becauseof；becauseof（2）showsb.thewayto…告知(指引)某人去……的路。to后接here/there/home等副词时,to省略。 Pleaseshowmethewaytoschool.请指明我去学校的路。【知识拓展】(1)showsb.around带领某人参观。Heshowedthestudentsaroundthefactory.他领着学生参观了工厂。(2)showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某物给某人看。Sheshowedushernewsweater.=Sheshowedhernewsweatertous.她把她的新毛衣给我们看。(3)show作名词,意为“演出,表演,节目,展览”。schoolshow学校公演TVshow电视节目artshow艺术展典型例题和易错题（一）单项选择（）1.________educationalprogramVoiceis!Manyteenagersliketowatchit. A.Howan B.How C.Whatan D.What（）2.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourfreetime?—Gothroughmagazines.Itisagoodway________time. A.killing B.tokill C.wasting D.towaste（）3.Thoughtheboyis________,heshoutedoutwhenhesawasnake. A.nervous B.lonely C.fair D.brave（）4.—Itrainedhardthismorning.Howdidyougotowork?—Iwas________tomeetMr.Millernearmyhome.Hegavemearide. A.enoughlucky B.luckyenough C.enoughclever D.cleverenough（）5.Theyofferedhelp________theylearnedoftheaccident.Theyarereallywarm-hearted. A.assoonas B.aslongas C.although D.since（）6.wonderfulYangLiping’sdanceis! A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa（）7.________badpeople,theMonkeyKingusesamagicstick. A.Tofight B.Fighting C.Fought（）8.Thestudentsallliketheplay________JourneytotheWest. A.name B.isnamed C.named（）9.It's________coldoutside.You'dbetterwearwarmclotheswhenyougoout. A.bit B.little C.alittlebit（）10.—Wholivestogetherwithyourgrandmother?—________.Shelivesalone.Ioftengotoseeher.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Imadeaplan_______________(plant)somevegetablesinthegarden.2.Theyheardtheirboss_______________(argue)withamanoutside.3.Thesun_______________(shine)onherlovelyfaceandhairjustnow.4.Ourteacher_______________(lead)ustoamuseumlastSunday.5.Thechildrengot_______________(lose)intheforestatlast.6.MrWanghastwo_______________(wife)inhislife.7.Youcan’tleavealittlekid_______________(stay)athomealone.8.Thehouseis_______________(make)ofbread.9.Onceuponatime,there_______________(be)manyanimalsintheforest.Theylivedhappily.10.Didyoureadthestoryof_______________(sleep)Beauty?三、巩固提高单词拼写1.The_______________(丝绸)isexpensive.Idon’thaveenoughmoneyforit.2.The_______________(内衣)isbeautiful.Iwilltakeit.3.It’snotrightto_______________(欺骗)yourteachersorparents.4._______________(没有人)helpedhimwithhishomework.Hediditbyhimself.5.Itis_______________(愚蠢的)ofmetofollowyouradvice.6.Pleasetellmethew_______________story,frombeginningtoend.7.Themooniss_______________throughthewindow.8.ThesingerLiQiwonthefirstplaceintheV_______________ofChina.9.Theb_______________policemansavedtheboyfromtheburningbuilding.10.Therearesomeyellowleavesontheg_______________.四、拓展延伸【Grammar】unless的用法unless意为＂除非，如果不＂，引导条件状语从句。unless引导的条件状语从句，若主句、从句的动作均未发生，则主句用一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ishallgounlessitrains.如果不下雨我就去。注意：注意：（1）unless通常可以与if...not结构进行相互转换。Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.=Youwillfailifyoudon’tstudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。（2）若unless引导的从句本身为否定句，则unless不能用if...not来替换。assoonas的用法assoonas一……就……，强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，后接从句。当主句是一般将来时，assoonas引导的状语从句应用一般现在时代替将来时。指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主句用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何，需要用现在完成时。Thestudentsbecamequietassoonastheteachercamein.老师一进来，学生们就安静下来了。注意：注意：assoonas引导的时间状语从句在过去时态中主从句时态保持一致；若主句用一般将来时态，则从句用一般现在时态。so...that的用法so...that意为＂如此……以至于＂，引导表示结果的状语从句。so是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度的大小。so...that引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：（1）so＋形容词/副词＋that从句Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.这村子太小，所以地图上没有。Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。（2）so＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋that从句Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.天是那么的热以至于他们都去游泳了。Hemadesoinspiringaspeechthateverybodygotexcited.他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以至于大家都很激动。（3）so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that从句IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。（4）so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。Hedranksomuchwinelastnightthathefeltterrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。状语从句的注意事项1.在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。Unlesswetalktosomeone,wewillcertainlyfeelworse.除非我们找人聊聊，不然我们肯定会感觉更糟。2.当主句与从句一致,且从句为肯定句时,so...that...可以与...enoughto结构相互转换。Heissooldthathecanlookafterhimself.=Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.他足够大了能照顾自己。3.当结果状语从句表达否定意义时,可与too...to...结构相互转换。Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.=Heistooyoungtolookafterhimself.他如此年轻以至于不能照顾自己。（一）用if，unless，assoonas或so/such...that填空1.Theanimalswere_______________lovely_______________Ispentawholedayinthezoo.2._______________itiscoldtomorrow,hewillstayathomeandwatchTV.3.Isentsomeflowerstoher_______________shefinishedspeakingonthestage.4.Itwas_______________aninterestingstory_______________everyonefellinlovewithit.5.Iwon’tletyouin_______________yougethereontime.6.Herushedhome_______________hegotthegoodnews.7.Youcan’tgethereontime_______________yougetupearlierthanbefore.课后作业（一）完形填空。forthedoorandamancameout.Sheaskedifheneededsomeflowers.Themansaidhedidn’twant.Sheleftthehouseandfelttired.Shesatdownatthefootofatallwall.Shelookedattheflowers.Theflowerssmeltverynice.Shesuddenlyhadanunusual.Shefeltshebecamelight,andslowlyshebegantointothesky.Sheflewhigherandhigherandatlastshefoundherselfontheclouds.Agroupofpeoplewerecomingtomeether.Attheheadofthemwashergranny.Sheherandaskedherwhyshedidn’tstayathome.Thegirltoldherthatshehadtosellflowerstogetmoneybecauseherparentswerebadlyill.Grannytoldhernottoaboutitandgaveherlotsofbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfood.Thegirllaughedhappily.Itsnowedheavilythatnight.Thegirldiedasmileonherface.Atthesametime,somerichpeopleinthebeautifulhousebegantosingChristmassongsandthemselves.1.A.advice B.money C.time D.place2.A.hungry B.excited C.nervous D.boring3.A.waitedfor B.cutup C.tookout D.knockedat4.A.some B.many C.any D.each5.A.feeling B.history C.plan D.idea6.A.walk B.fly C.run D.rush7.A.thanked B.left C.welcomed D.controlled8.A.talk B.argue C.care D.worry9.A.with B.for C.in D.Near10.A.taught B.enjoyed C.learned D.hurt（二）阅读理解。SomeGodsinGreekMyth(希腊神话)ZeusistheyoungestsonofCronusandRhea.Hetookhisfather'splace