2023年考研外语冲刺密卷8

考研外语冲刺密卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,

rulesthatsummarizeconveniently(1)qualitativelybut

quantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight(2)a

universeinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080

elementaryparticlesthat(3)auniverselikeourown

behavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstand

suchauniversewewouldneedabrain(4)asmassiveas

theuniverse.Itseems(5)thatsuchauniversecouldhave

lifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains(6)some

degreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But(7)inamuch

morerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithan

intelligencemuch(8)thanourown,therecouldnotbemuch

knowledge,passionorjoy.

(9)forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleast

importantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperience

andourevolutionaryhistoryhave(10)ustounderstand

somethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,

however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition(11)highly

unreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothe

speedoflightourmass(12)indefinitely,weshrink

towardzerothickness(13)thedirectionofmotion,and

timeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Many

peoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek(14)Iget

aletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.Butitis

virtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalso

ofAlbertEinstein's(15)analysisofspaceandtime

calledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthat

theseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot(16)the

habitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimony

ofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.

Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson(17)_____humans

mightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohave

intermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan,twe(18)

fasterthanthespeedoflight?But(19)_____wecantell,this

isthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnot

only(20)ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomakethe

worldmoreknowable.

A.just

B.very

C.justnot

D.notjust

2、(2)

A.see

B.think

C.imagine

D.believe

3、⑶

A.make

B.makeof

C.makeup

D.makefrom

4、(4)

A.atleast

B.atmost

C.atlast

D.atthecost

5、(5)

A.likely

B.unlikely

C.really

D.unreal

6、(6)

3

A.want

B.need

C.require

D.acquire

7、⑺

A.unless

B.until

C.if

D.evenif

8、(8)

A.more

B.larger

C.bigger

D.greater

9、(9)

A.Fortunately

B.Unfortunately

C.Happily

D.Unhappily

10、(10)

A.provided

B.prepared

to

4

C.armed

D.gotready

11、(11)

A.turnto

B.turnon

C.turnouttobe

D.turnawayfrom

12、(12)

A.decrease

B.increases

C.reduce

D.add

13、(13)

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.from

14、(14)

A.ortwo

B.andtwo

C.eventwo

D.oftwo

5

15、(15)

A.clever

B.wise

C.brilliant

D.intelligent

16、(16)

A.of

B.in

C.with

D.at

17、(17)

A.that

B.which

C.matter

D.what

18、(18)

A.go

B.walk

C.travel

D.run

19、(19)

A.if

to

6

B.unless

C.sofar

D.sofaras

20、(20)

A.press

B.have

C.make

D.entail

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew,ofcourse.Theyhave

beenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,

aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play

“Rossum'sUniversalRobots”.(Theword"robot"comesfromthe

Czechwordfordrudgery,robots.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhas

producedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultry

FalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece"Metropolis"to

thewitteringC-3P0in"StarWars“andtheruthlessassassin

of“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoour

collectivesubconscious,colouringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan,sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyen

tomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresent

impressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,

afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,

itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhite,articulatedexterior

seemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachine

faster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowas

inductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalked

ontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony'sQRIOissmallerandmore

toy-1ikethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberof

voicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,

itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.Itcanevenconnect

wirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyes

cansee.In2022,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcould

run.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothat

runsattwicethespeed.

In2022,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,

calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplays

thetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument,svalves,andit

hasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestooffer

acommercialversionoftherobotby2022.Thismonth,50

PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2022inAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsare

stillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld(srobotsare

faceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsof

factories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,

machinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,

businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirst

halfof2022.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,

suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindow

washers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnor

domesticrobotsarehumanoid.

InParagraphItheauthorintroduceshistopicby

relating.

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek'screationofrobots

C.Hollywood'sproductionofrobotfilms

D.theoriginofandpopularfilmsaboutrobots

2、

Accordingtotheauthor(sdescription,Asimo.

A.isintheshapeofahumanbeing

B.isinasortofanimalform

C.seemsmorelikeahumanbeingthanamachineinaction

D.seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginaction

3、

Sony*sQRIOcouldcarryoutallthefollowingwork

EXCEPT.

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

4、

FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota,sPartner.

A.ismuchbetterthan,anyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeaman

5、

Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten

A.in2022.

B.in2022.

C.between2022-2022.

D.between2022-2022.

6、Ifyouarewhatyoueat,thenyouarealsowhatyoubuy

toeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocery

list,thoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthand

ofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylists

endupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louis,theymight

haveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocument,

postedontheInternet.

Forthepastdecade,BillKeaggy,33,thefeaturesphotoeditor

atTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatch,hasbeencollectinggrocery

listsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.

Grocerylists,org.Thecollection,whichnownumbersmorethan

500lists,isstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwo-fold

curiosity一aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningand

thekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.Whatwasthe

shopperwithvodka,lighters,milkandicecreamonhislist

planningtodowiththem?Inwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumed?

Wasitaheorashe?Whohadwritten"Tootiefood,kittenchow,

birdfoodstick,toasterscrambles,coffeedrinks"?Some

shoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairy,

gotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveering

offtoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofevery

item.Oneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelope,

simply,"Milk".

Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacross

crinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.

Oneoflife,smostbanalduties,viewedthroughthecuratorial

lens,cansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcaneven

appearpoetic,asinthelistthatreads"meat,cigs,buns,

treats”.

OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone一few

peoplecanspellbananasandbagels,letalonepotato.Onelist

callsfor“suchi"and"strimp"."Somepeoplepassjudgmenton

thethingstheybuy,“Keaggysays.Attheendofonelist,the

shopperwrote"BudLight"andthen“goodbeer”.Another

scribbled"goodloafofwhitebread”.Somepassjudgmenton

themselves,liketheshopperwhowrote"read,stayhomeorgo

somewhere,Iactlikemymom,gotoKentucky,underwear,lemon”.

Peoplesendmessagestooneanother,too.Buriedinonelist

isthisstatement:"Ifyoubuymorerice,I'11punchyou.〃And

plentyofshoppers,liketheonewithbothicecreamanddiet

pillsonthelist,revealtheirvices.

Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistafter

shopping?

A.Buyingwhatitisscrawledonthepaper.

B.Recordingtheshorthandofwhereweshop.

C.Throwingitintothedustbin.

D.PostingitontheInternet.

7、

BillKeaggycollectsgrocerylistsbecause

A.hewantstopostthemonline.

B.heiscuriousaboutthelistwriters.

C.hetriestofindoutsomethingbehindthem.

D.hedoesitforamusement.

8、

Wasitaheorashe?(Para.2)maybereplacedby.

A.Whodidit?

B.Whowasthepersonthatwroteit?

C.Didheorshewriteit?

D.Wasitwrittenbyamanorawoman?

9、

BillKeaggy'sstudyingongrocerylistssuggeststhat.

A.DanQuayleisnotaloneinmisspelling

B.fewerpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelscorrectly

C.misspellingoccursmostfrequentlyinwriting"potato”

D.somepeoplemisspell"sushi"for"suchi",and"shrimp"for

strimp”

10、

Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat.

A.icecreamanddietpillsrevealone'svices

B.icecreamanddietpillsarenotgoodfood

C.plentyofshoppersdonotbuytheirrightgrocery

D.one'sdefectsincharactermaybereflectedonthegrocery

list

11、Well,hemadeitup.Allofit,apparently.Accordingto

areportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNational

UniversityinSouthKorea,itserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-suk,

whohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlier,deliberately

falsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcells

thatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2022.

Inparticular,DrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesof

humanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecific

patients.Hehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogus,

buthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistake,and

thattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexperts

appointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematter,however,

disagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedon

thestem-cell1inesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulated

tomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecific

patients.Infact,noneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswith

spinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincells

forthework.Toobtainhispromising"results”,DrHwanghad

sentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonor,ratherthana

samplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthe

donor'sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.

Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly

185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.

Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfar

larger,inthethousands,althoughtheywereunableto

determineanexactfigure.

Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathuman

embryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.Stem

cells,whichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcan

thus,inprinciple,growintoanytissueororgan,couldbeused

totreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson，sdisease.

Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.Andstem

cellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeign

byhisimmunesystem,

DrHwang'sreputation,ofcourse,isintatters.Theuniversity

isnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentshe

claimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld;sfirst

clonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromit,

andthecreationoftheworld,sfirstcloneddog.Heisalso

introubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggs

donatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.

Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfor

nothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcells

intendedtotreatdisease,butifitprovestoodifficultto

createthem,arough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.

FromthepassagewemaylearnthatHwangWoo-suk.

A.madeupallhisexperience

B.isafamousgeneticistinSeoulNationalUniversity

C.wasanemployeeinSeoulNationalUniversity

D.publishedanauthenticpaperinSciencewithhis24

colleagues

12、

Accordingtothepanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversity,

Hwang*scaseis.

A.amistakeofcareless

B.theresultofanhonestmistake

C.adishonestexperiment

D.adeliberatedfabrication

13、

Thesignificanceofembryonicstem-cellresearchlies

A.greatexpectations

B.plantingintoanytissueororgan

C.thetreatmentforalotofhumandiseases

D.curingdiabetesandParkinson(sdisease

14、

Thephrase“intatters”(Line1,Para.5)maybereplaced

by.

A.indanger

B.indespair

C.inaraggedstate

D.totallyruined

15、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A.HwangisFoundGuiltyofFabricatingHisResults

B.HowaStem-cellResearcherFabricatesHisResults

C.TheConsequenceofaMade-upExperiment

D.HwangWoo-suk'sResignation

16、AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEating

DisordersAssociation,42percentofgirlsinfirstthrough

thirdgradewanttobethinner,81percentof10-year-oldsare

afraidofbeingfat,and51percentof9-and1O-year-oldgirls

feelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.

Inmanyways,thisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomes

ataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassah

meetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlains,Dr.

MaxcieSchneider,thedirectorofadolescentmedicineat

GreenwichHospital,andEricaLeon,aregistereddietitian,

spokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitof

pudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowth,andyoungsters

wrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.

"Ican'ttellyouhowmanykidsI'veseenwho'vebeenonthe

Atkinsdiet,orontheSouthBeachdiet,"Ms.Leonsaid,adding

thatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskof

developingeatingdisorders.

Afterthepresentation,threemothersfromHartsdalewhowanted

tohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheir

youngdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecome

weight-conscious.

Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarely

enoughtosurvive,becauseherdistortedthinkingmakesher

thinksheisfat.Buiimia,amentalillnessinwhichsomeone

bingesonlargeamountsoffood,thenpurgesitthroughvomiting

ortheabuseoflaxatives,isontherise,andissurfacingin

youngerandyoungerpatients,mostlygirls,saidJudyScheel,

thedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMount

Kisco.

About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemale,and

oftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrew,

wheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.

Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorder

enablesthemtobethin,boystypicallystatetheirgoalisto

achieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverage

onsetforbulimiausedtobe17,buttoseeteenagersage14

and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedays,Dr.Scheelsaid.

Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemical

components,andmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwell

toanti-depressants,forexample.

“Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeople

avoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.Teachersneed

tostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdiets,"Dr.Scheelsaid."It's

likeaparent,alwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhave

tohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyand

exercise,yourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.”

Andinrelativelyhomogenouspopulations,likeinsome

Westchesterschools,competitionrunshigh."Sotheyoung

peopledon，treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityis,“shesaid,

“andtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals.”

ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation

isbasedon.

A.primaryschoolgirls

B.secondaryschoolgirls

C.girlsincollegeanduniversities

D.Americanfemalesingeneral

17、

AccordingtoDr.MarcieSchneiderandEricaLeon

A.itistoobadforyoungsterstobeabitfat.

B.itisnecessaryforthechildrentobeabitfat.

C.youngstersshouldstrugglewiththeirbodyimage.

D.overweightchildrenshouldnotdiet.

18、

FromtheParagraph5wemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimia

are.

A.twosimilarmentalillnesses

B.twodifferentcommonmentalillnesses

C.bothbadeatinghabits

D.bothillnessesofeatingdisorderly

19、

WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonofeating

disorders?

A.Tryingtokeeptheweightlow.

B.Thefiercesocialcompetition.

C.Maintainingamuscularbutthinphysique.

D.Geneticorchemicalcomponents.

20、

TheauthorcitessomeWestchesterschoolstoindicate

that.

A.educationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoiddieting

B.teachersneedtostayoutsideclassroomtotalkaboutdiets

C.eatinghealthilyandexercisehelpbuildingupthebody

D.itisnotgoodforthestudentstofollowthesamegoal

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F、G....)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Internet,computer-basedglobalinformationsystem.The

Internetiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.

Eachnetworkmaylinktens,hundreds,oreventhousandsof

computers,enablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanother

不______Q

q21

andtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerful

supercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethas

madeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtocommunicate

withoneanothereffectivelyandinexpensively.

(41).

TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernment,

business,andeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetfor

internalcommunication,distributionofinformation,and

automatedtaxprocessing.Inadditiontoofferinggoodsand

servicesonlinetocustomers,businessesusetheInternetto

interactwithotherbusinesses.

(42).

UseoftheInternethasgrowntremendouslysinceitsinception.

TheInternet，ssuccessarisesfromitsflexibility.Insteadof

restrictingcomponentnetworkstoaparticularmanufactureror

particulartype,Internettechnologyallowsinterconnectionof

anykindofcomputernetwork.

(43).

Internetserviceproviders(ISPs)provideInternetaccessto

customers,usuallyforamonthlyfee.Acustomerwhosubscribes

toanISP'sserviceusestheISP'snetworktoaccessthe

Internet.BecauseISPsoffertheirservicestothegeneral

public,thenetworkstheyoperateareknownaspublicaccess

networks.

(44).

Anorganizationthathasmanycomputersusuallyownsand

operatesaprivatenetwork,calledanintranet,whichconnects

allthecomputerswithintheorganization:ToprovideInternet

service,theorganizationconnectsitsintranettotheInternet.

Unlikepublicaccessnetworks,intranetsarerestrictedto

providesecurity.

(45).

A.ThecurrentnumberofpeoplewhousetheInternetcanonly

beestimated.Onesurveyfoundthattherewere61million

Internetusersworldwideattheendof1996,148millionatthe

endof1998,and407millionbytheendof2000.Someanalysts

saidthatthenumberofuserswasexpectedtodoubleagainby

theendof2022.

B.Onlyauthorizedcomputersattheorganizationcanconnect

totheintranet,andtheorganizationrestrictscommunication

betweentheintranetandtheglobalInternet.Therestrictions

allowcomputersinsidetheorganizationtoexchange

informationbutkeeptheinformationconfidentialand

protectedfromoutsiders.

不_____Q

q23

C.Unliketraditionalbroadcastingmedia,suchasradioand

television,theInternetdoesnothaveacentralized

distributionsystem.Instead,anindividualwhohasInternet

accesscancommunicatedirectlywithanyoneelseonthe

Internet,makeinformationavailabletoothers,find

informationprovidedbyothers,orsellproductswithaminimum

overheadcost.

D.Nonetworkistoolargeortoosmall,toofastortooslow

tobeinterconnected.Thus,theInternetincludesinexpensive

networksthatcanonlyconnectafewcomputerswithinasingle

roomaswellasexpensivenetworksthatcanspanacontinent

andconnectthousandsofcomputers.

E.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforcommunicatingthrough

electronicmail(e-mail),fornewsandresearchinformation,

shopping,payingbills,andonlinebanking.Educational

institutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodeliver

coursesandcoursematerialtostudents.

F.IntheUnitedStates,asinmanycountries,ISPsareprivate

companies;incountrieswheretelephoneserviceisa

government-regulatedmonopoly,thegovernmentoftencontrols

ISPs.<BR

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWar,however,thedietbeganto

change.(46)Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyand

improvedthequalityofthemiIkthatreachedurbancenters;

coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmadepossiblethegreater

consumptionoffreshvegetables,freshfruits,andfreshfish;

andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingand

healthfulfoods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedan

increasedconsumptionof