暖通空调与冰箱工业中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译文献IndiaHVAC&RGoesGlobalThetotalmarketsizein2008fortheHVAC&RindustryinIndiawasapproximately$2.5billion.Thatyear,Indiaproducedroughly5millionrefrigerators,2.5millionroomairconditioners,packagedairconditionersofvariouscapacities,andpackagedchillersofreciprocating,scroll,screwandabsorptiontypes.OtherHVAC&RproductsmanufacturedinIndiaincludeair-handlingunits,fan-coilunits,refrigerationsystemsforcoldroomsandfreezerrooms;low-temperaturebrinechillersforindustry;andcommercialrefrigerationequipmentforfoodstoresandsupermarkets.ThefollowingstoriesdescribesomeIndiancompaniesthataremakingtheirmarkinternationally.HeatPumpsinDenmarkThermaxabsorptionheatpumpsandchillersarefindingincreasingacceptancewithEuropeanandU.S.clientsthatwantenergy-efficientequipment.Businessesaredemandingsystemsthatcanreducecarbonemissionsandhelpcopewithglobalwarming.Overthelastdecade,ThermaxhasworkedinoptimizingenergyuseinDenmarkbyinstallingabsorptionheatpumpsforcentralizedheating,whichisareverseapplicationofcentralizedcoolingwithabsorptionchillers.Hotwaterfromacentralgenerationfacilityisusedforspaceheatingintownbuildings.Theheatingcompaniesreducetheenergyintensityatgeneratingcentersbytappinglow-gradeheatfromothersourcessuchasgeothermalheatfromsandstoneaquifersorwasteheatfromtownincinerators.Sinceitsfirstinstallationin1999,Thermaxabsorptionheatpumpsareoperatinginseveraldistrictheatinginstallations.Recently,thecompanyisfulfillinganorderfora3.4MWsteamabsorptionchillertobeinstalledindowntownCopenhagenaspartofadistrictcoolingproject.Thetotalcapacityoftheplantis15MW,whichusestheoutputoftheThermaxchiller,freecoolingusingseawaterandammoniachillers.Theplantwillsaveapproximately2,500tons(2268Mg)ofcarbondioxideperyear.InSpain,Thermaxhascommissionedchillersinhotelsandofficebuildingsthatrunonwaterheatedbysolarpanels.ClientselsewhereinEuropealsouseThermaxchillersthatworkonexhaustgasfromfuelcellsorexcesssteamfromoldboilersthatusewoodwaste.IntheUnitedKingdom,largeretailerTescohasinstalledThermaxchillersattwostoresaspartofaplantoreduceitscarbonfootprintthroughvariousmeasures,includingusingenergy-savingdevices.ThechillersusewaterfromthecogenerationsystemthatTescohasinstalledforgeneratingpower.IntheUnitedStates,a1,100kWtestengineinstalledataplantofaleadingplasticsmanufacturerinOhiogeneratedagreatdealofwasteheat.Thermaxharnessedthiswasteheattodriveanabsorptionchiller.Wasteheatisconvertedtoenergysavingsaschilledwaterfromthissystemisusedforprocesscoolingintheplant.Morethan150businesscustomersintheUnitedStatesaregainingfromenergyprofitsandgreenreputationsbyinstallingThermaxchillers.Recently,theUniversityatAlbany-StateUniversityofNewYork，replaceditsold,inefficientcoolingsystemwitha1,400ton(4924kW)chillerthatworksonhotwater.Theuniversityhasgained35%energyefficiencywithsubstantialsavingsinoperatingandmaintenancecosts.TheHenryFordMuseuminDetroitandColoradoSchoolofMinesinGolden,Colo.,alsohaveThermaxchillers.Underarecentstrategicagreement,Trane,aleadingglobalindoorcomfortsystemsandserviceproviderfortheNorthAmericanmarket,willsourceanddistributeThermaxchillers.HeatWheelsinAustraliaWhatdoahospitalinAustralia,auniversityinFlorida,ahigh-techcommercialbuildinginDubai,achurchinBrazil,theOlympicstadiumandairportinBeijingandanindoorswimmingpoolinTasmaniahaveincommon?TheindoorairqualityprovidedbyDRI,DesiccantRotorsInternational,isaheatwheelmanufacturerinDelhi.AflagshipcompanyofthePahwaEnterprises,itisthelargestprivatelyheldHVACgroupinIndia.KingEdwardMemorialHospital(KEM)inPerth,Australia,isarenowned,state-ownedhealth-careproviderforwomen,withmorethan400bedsandalargestaffofspecialists.KEMisgearedtoprovidethehigheststandardsofhealthcareandpatientservicing,whereindoorairqualityplaysavitalrole.TheoriginalHVACinstallationcarriedout30yearsagowasaheadofitstime.Itincorporatedheatrecoverywheels(HRW)tosaveenergyandprovidebetterindoorairquality.ThewheelswereimportedfromtheUnitedStatesandthealuminumsubstratewassuppliedin20segments.Withthepassageoftime,thesubstratedisintegratedandfelloffinallfourwheels.Asaresult,thewheelsbecamenon-operationalandKEMHospitalandtheauthoritieshadatoughtimefindingasupplierthatcouldsupplynewwheelsinsectionsthatcouldpassthroughthedoorwayswithoutbreakingdownthewallsoftheAHUroom.Theyalsohaddifficultyfindinganinstallerwhocoulddismantletheoldsteelframes,alsoinsections,sothebuildingcouldremainintact.Fortunately,DRI,throughitsAustralianagentagreedtocustommanufactureafive-segmentwheelinitsfactory,shipittothesite,installandcommissionthenewwheel,allunderthesupervisionofalocalconsultant.Withthecompletionoftheretrofitproject,KEMHospital’sindoorairqualityimproved.AmongotherprojectsDRIhasdonearetheBeijingOlympics;PacificControls,whichisDubai’sfirstgreenbuilding;andthesecondtallestbuildinginChina,whichisthe450m(1,476ft)tallNanjingGreenLandSquare,whichareallequippedwithEcofreshwheelsproducedinDelhi.OtherDRIfacts:•Largestglobalproducerofenthalpywheels;•World’sonlyAHRIandEuroventcertifiedrotorsmanufacturer;•Integratedrotormanufacturingfacility;•World-classrotor(enthalpyaswellasdesiccant)testfacility;•SalesnetworkspreadoverIndia,U.S.,Brazil,Europe,UAE,Turkey,Africa,China,Malaysia,Philippines,Japan,KoreaandAustralia;and•AwardedAHRIcertificationperformanceawardforachievinga100%successrateforsevenconsecutiveyears.HeatPumpsinEuropeBlueStarbeganexportingdrinkingwatercoolerstotheGulfcountriesintheMiddleEastasearlyas1974.ThelargestainlesssteelstoragetankdesignofthecoolerswassuitableforIndiaandtheGulfcountrieswherecitywatersupplywasintermittent.AlthoughlocalbuyersinitiallyresistedbuyingBlueStarcoolers,withimprovedqualityandtimelydeliveriesthecompany’ssky-bluewatercoolersbecamevisibleateverymosqueandschoolinDubaiandKuwait.Intheearly1990s,BlueStarmadelargeinvestmentsinnewplant,machinery,technologyandR&DforHVAC&Rproductstohandlethegrowingmarketwithinthecountry.In1999,thecompanystartedexportingductedairconditionersofupto7.5ton(26kW)capacity,aswellaswindowandsplitroomACs.AsubstantialpartoftheseproductswerespeciallydesignedforanAmericancompany;prototypeswerebuiltandtestedinIndiaandtheU.S.,tosuittheneedsoftheU.S.manufacturerfortheMiddleEastmarket.LabeledwiththeU.S.brandname,butwiththewords“MadeinIndia,”customersnolongerhesitatedtobuysuchproducts.Asmanyas170,000unitaryproductsweresoldwithinafewyears.BuoyedbythissuccessintheMiddleEast,theAmericancompanydecidedtoentertheEuropeanmarketwithitsbrandandonceagainchoseBlueStartodesignductableheatpumpsforthismarket,usingR-407Crefrigerant(insteadofR-22intheMiddleEast)withasleekappearance,compactfootprint,stringentsafetyandnoiserequirements.EleventhousandunitshavebeenshippedtoEurope.With$500,000inexportsin1999,todaythecompanyhasnearly$25millioninexportsandshipsdrinkingwatercoolers,ductedsplitACsandheatpumps,andair-handlingunits,fancoilunits,scrollchillers,screwchillers,closecontrolpackagedACs,aswellasspecialunitsforthetelecommarket.Alargenumberofdistributorsandbusinesspartnershelpthecompanytocatertothegrowingmarketinvariousneighboringcountries.WithanincreasedR&Dspending,BlueStarplanstoshipmoreproductstotheinternationalmarket.CoolersinEuropeAir-cooledfluidcoolers(ACFC)areastheradiatorinyourcar,helpingtokeeptheenginecool,bycirculatingcoolingwaterthroughtheenginejacketandtheradiator.Theyarelargerincoolingcapacityandareusedincaptivepowerplantstocoolthedieselenginesorgasturbinesthatdrivetheelectricgenerators.Withscarcityofwaterandshortageofelectricpowerinmostpartsofthedevelopingworld,InternationalCoilLtd(ICL)ofDelhihasdevelopedACFCstocoolthejacketsofdieselenginesorgasturbinesrunninggeneratorsin8MWpowerplantsorlargercapacitywithmultiplesof8MW,usedbyindustrytoruntheirplants,insteadofcoolingtowers,whichconsumelargeamountsofwater.WithhundredsofinstallationsofACFCsinIndia,millionsofcubicmetersofwaterarebeingsaved,provingthemtobeagoodenvironment-friendlysolution.CertifiedbyAHRI,theseACFCscanalsobesuppliedwithHeresitecoatingtoreducecorrosioninsalineatmospheres.InternationallyreputablemanufacturersofpowerplantsrunningondieselenginesorgasturbinesincludingRollsRoyceofEngland,MANofGermany,WartsilaofFinlandandCumminsoftheU.S.,havesignedOEMagreementswithICLtouseACFCsontheirsuppliesofgeneratorstomostpartsofthedevelopingworld.MEPContractinginMiddleEastIntheearly1970s,theMiddleEastembarkedonambitiousplansofmodernizationandbuildingconstruction.Withasmalldomesticpopulation,theregiondependedheavilyonconstructionlaborfromtheIndiansubcontinent,whichisonlyafewhoursawaybyair.ArabandEuropeancompanieswithofficesintheGulfluredexperiencedIndianHVACengineerswithsalariesthreetofourtimeshigherthansalariesprevailinginIndia,freecompanycars,petrolcheaperthanwaterandnoincometax.Voltas,beingoneofthelargestHVACcompanies,sufferedcripplingmanpowerlossesthattooktimetoreplenishwiththehelpoffreshlygraduatedengineers.Inaway,theseeventsturnedouttobeablessingindisguise,becauseArabemployersweresoimpressedwithIndianengineeringskillsthatmanyofthemstarteddoingbusinesswithVoltasinjointventures,whichtookonlargeHVACcontractsinitiallyandthenwentinforcompleteelectro-mechanicalprojects,includingelectricalandplumbing.HVACforQueenMaryIITheexperiencegainedfromworkintheGulfStatesandcontactsestablishedwithinternationalsuppliersallovertheworldofequipmentandaccessories,includingpiping,sheetmetal,andinsulation,ledtoVoltas’sambitiontotakeontheworld.So,Voltasbidandwoncontractsin30countriesandthreecontinents,includingtheHVACcontractforHongKongAirportandthelargestluxurylinereverbuilt,QueenMaryII,whileitwasunderconstructioninaFrenchport.Thecompanyispartofthe$62.5billionTataGroupandisthenumbertwoair-conditionerbrandinthecountry.Thefirmmanufacturedthefirstroomairconditionerin1954.IthasoverseasofficesinDubai,AbuDhabi,Qatar,Bahrain,SingaporeandHongKong.印度暖通空调与冰箱工业走向世界2008年，印度的暖通空调与冰箱工业的市场总量为25亿美元。那一年，印度大约生产了500万台冰箱，250万台室内空调，组装出多种功能的空调和往复，滚动，螺杆，吸收等类型的冷却装置。在印度，其他类型的暖通空调与冰箱产品包括冷藏室和冷冻室的空气处理机组、风机盘管机组、制冷系统；工业用低温盐水机组，食品商店和超级市场的商业用制冷设备。下面的几个故事描述了一些正在使自己的品牌走向国际的印度公司。丹麦的热汞契马黑吸收热汞越来越多地被那些想要获得节能设备的欧洲和美国客户的认可。现在的企业都在要求暖通空调和制冷设备能减少碳的排放量，以应对全球性变暖。在过去的十年里，契马黑曾在丹麦通过为集中供暖系统安装吸收热泵的方法优化能源的使用，这是用吸收式制冷机集中冷却的反向运用。中央系统设施中的热水被用于城市建筑物的室内供暖。供热公司通过像砂岩含水层的地热能源或城镇焚化炉的废热等其他热能来源来供应低品质的热能的方式来降低生产中心的能源强度。自1999年的首次安装以来,契马黑的吸收热泵目前正运行于几个地区的供热装置中。最近,该公司正在完成一笔3.4兆瓦的蒸汽吸收式制冷机组订单，这个机组安装在哥本哈根市中心，作为地区冷却项目的一部分。设备总容量为15兆瓦，使用的是契马黑的冷却装置输出，通过海水和氨冷却装置达到免费冷却。该工厂将每年节省约2500吨(2268兆克)的二氧化碳排放。在西班牙,契马黑的冷却装置已经委托装入了用太阳能供应热水的酒店和办公大楼。欧洲其他地区的客户也用契马黑冷却装置来排出燃料油箱内的废气或旧锅炉中的过量蒸汽以避免木材的浪费。在英国，大型零售商乐购在其中的两家商店安装契马黑冷却装置作为通过各种方法来减少碳排放量这一计划的一部分，包括用节能装置。冷却装置用的是用于乐购发电的冷热电联产系统产生的水。在美国，一台1100千瓦的测试引擎安装在一间俄亥俄州领先的塑料制造商的工厂内，这样的工厂会产生大量的废热。契马黑利用这个余热作为吸收式制冷机的动力。余热转化为能量储蓄是因为来自这个系统的冷冻水被用于冷却工厂生产过程中产生的热。超过150个美国的客户通过安装契马黑冷却系统来获得能源上的利益和绿色环保的良好声誉。最近，奥尔巴尼洲大学纽约城市学院用一个有1400吨(4924千瓦)的热水冷却装置来代替旧的、低效率的冷却系统。这所大学在操作和维护成本上的实质性节约能够达到35%的能源效率。在底特律的亨利福特博物馆和的地雷和科罗拉多州金山的科罗拉多州矿业学院也有契马黑冷水机。在最近的战略协议中,在北美市场被誉为全球领先的室内舒适系统和服务提供商的特灵空调会生产提供契马黑冷水机。澳大利亚的热车轮澳大利亚的医院、佛罗里达州的大学、迪拜高科技的商业建筑、巴西的教堂、北京的奥林匹克竞技场和机场、塔斯马尼亚岛的室内游泳池，这些建筑它们有什么共同特点呢？都是由DRI（国际干燥转子）—一个德里的热车轮制造商来提供的优质室内空气。它是Pahwa集团旗下的公司，印度最大的民间暖通空调集团。在澳大利亚佩思的爱德华国王纪念医院(凯恩美),是一家非常著名且专门为女性提供服务的国有医疗机构，拥有超过400个床位和许多专家。凯恩美提供最高水准的医疗保健和患者服务,因此室内空气质量起着至关重要的作用。原来的暖通空调30年前就超过了它的使用时间。它采用热回收车轮(HRW)来节约能源和提供更高质量的室内空气。转轮是从从美国进口的，铝基板由20块组成。随着时间的推移，基体瓦解四个轮子都开始下降。结果，转轮开始不工作，凯恩美医院和当地政府经过了一段艰难的去寻找能提供新的轮子的供应商的时期，且要求这些轮子能被分成几个部分通过门廊,从而不必打通空气调节装置室的墙。同样，寻找到一个能够分几个部分拆除旧的钢结构来确保建筑保持完好的安装工人也十分困难。幸运的是,国际干燥转子通过在澳大利亚的代理公司，同意在他的工厂定制一个五部分的机轮，并用轮船运到澳洲，安装和调试新的机轮都是在当地的顾问的监督下进行的。由于新转轮的安装完成，凯恩美医院的室内空气品质有了显著改善。其他DRI已经完成项目有北京的奥运会馆，迪拜的第一个绿色建筑——太平洋控股；中国第二高建筑，450米(1476英尺)高的南京绿地广场，这些都配置有德里生产的自动净化车轮。其他DRI事迹：•全球最大的焓轮生产商；•世界上唯一的AHRI和EUROVENT双重认证的转子制造商；•综合转子制造设备；•世界级的转子(焓以及除湿)测试设备；•销售网络覆盖印度、美国、巴西、土耳其、阿拉伯联合酋长国、欧洲、非洲、中国、马来西亚、菲律宾、日本、韩国和澳大利亚；•授予AHRI认证的连续7年实现100%成功率。欧洲的供暖装置早在1974年，蓝星公司就开始出口饮用水冷却器给中东地区的海湾国家。大型不锈钢储罐设计冷却器很适合印度与海湾国家，那里的城市供水是断断续续的。尽管当地的购买者最初抵制购买蓝星冷却器,但质量的改进和及时的交货，使这个公司的天蓝冷水器在迪拜、科威特的清真寺和学校变得随处可见。在20世纪90年代初，蓝星公司在空调制冷领域的工厂、设备、技术和研发方面都做出了巨大的投资，以此来应对这不断增长的国内外市场需求。1999