一轮学案专题十二构词法

专题十二构词法核心考点课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved(gentle)alongtheriver,hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.7.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.8.(2020·北京卷)Oliversaysifyou’re(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.9.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways(energy).10.Thebesteducationshouldnotbeavailableonlyto(wealth)people.考点归纳考点一构词法的种类构词法合成名词weekend,cowboy,sunlight合成形容词part-time,first-class,good-looking合成副词someday,anywhere,however其他合成词somebody,safeguard,without名词↔形容词light光线/轻的right右边/对的名词↔动词taste味道/尝dress连衣裙/穿衣动词↔形容词open打开/开着的clean打扫/干净的形容词↔副词late晚的/迟到hard艰苦的/努力地前缀disable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreement后缀changeable,childhood,friendship混成法breakfast+lunch→brunch截短法laboratory→lab首字母缩略法GrossDomesticProduct→GDP考点二合成法合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。1.合成名词合成方式例词n.+n.weekend周末womandoctor女医生seafood海鲜boyfriend男朋友policeofficer警官cowboy牛仔mooncake月饼sunlight阳光chairman主席n.+v.-ingstory-telling讲故事handwriting书法sightseeing观光shoe-making鞋子制作续表合成方式例词n.+v.sunrise日出haircut理发toothpick牙签daybreak破晓v.-ing+n.washingmachine洗衣机writingdesk写字桌runningwater自来水readingroom阅览室v.+n.cookbook食谱playground操场typewriter打字机adj.+n.supermarket超市blackboard黑板greenhouse温室freeway高速公路n.+in+n.editor-in-chief总编father-in-law岳父,公公mother-in-law岳母,婆婆其他output产量looker-on旁观者income收入get-together聚会breakfast早餐2.合成形容词合成方式例词n.+过去分词snow-covered被雪覆盖的man-made人造的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving爱好和平的paper-making造纸的Chinese-speaking讲汉语的adj.+n.part-time兼职的full-time全职的n.+adj.ice-cool处变不惊的snow-white雪白的worldwide世界范围的lifelong终生的grass-green草绿的num.+n.second-hand二手的first-class一流的num.+n.+adj.five-year-old五岁的200-meter-long200米长的adj.+n.+-edwarm-hearted热心的kind-hearted好心的middle-aged中年的adj.+v.-ingordinary-looking相貌平平的good-looking好看的easy-going随和的其他well-known著名的ten-storeyed10层的face-to-face面对面的3.合成副词合成方式例词adj.+n.someday某天sometime某个时间adv.+n.overhead在头上downstairs在楼下indoors在室内outdoors在户外adj.+adv.anywhere任何地方somewhere某处其他maybe可能however然而4.其他合成词合成方式例词合成代词somebody某个人everything一切everybody每个人anyone任何人续表合成方式例词合成动词overwork加班oversleep睡过头safeguard保护,捍卫whitewash粉刷overhear偷听合成介词inside在……里面outside在……外面within在……范围内without没有throughout遍及考点三转化法转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。转化方法例词n.↔adj.final决赛/最后的light光线/轻的right右边/对的n.↔v.doubt疑问/怀疑taste味道/尝dress连衣裙/穿衣hand手/递watch手表/观看smell气味/闻book书/预订v.↔adj.close关上/近的open打开/开着的slow变慢/慢的clean打扫/干净的wrong不公正(或不诚实)对待/错误的narrow使变窄/狭窄的adj.↔adv.late晚的/迟到enough足够的/足够地hard艰苦的/努力地考点四派生法派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1.前缀派生形式例词auto-autobiography自传automobile汽车automaker汽车制造商dis-disable使失去能力disadvantage缺点disagree不同意en-enable使能够enact制定法律enrich使丰富fore-forearm前臂forecast预报forebear祖先im-impossible不可能的impolite不礼貌的impatient不耐烦的in-inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的incomplete不完全的kilo-kilogram千克kilometer千米mis-mistake错误mislead误导mistreat虐待misuse误用multi-multimedia多媒体multinational跨国的,多民族的multi-coloured多种颜色的non-nonsmoker非吸烟者nonstop不停的nonsense无意义的话over-overweight超重的overcoat外套overboard在船外overdo做得过分续表派生形式例词re-return返回,返还review复习reuse重新使用reunite使再结合tele-telegram电报telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视un-unsafe不安全的unsatisfied不满意的unsocial非社会的unfair不公平的2.后缀派生形式例词-aryrevolutionary革命的imaginary想象中的-ousglorious辉煌的joyous快乐的famous著名的religious宗教的-iveattractive有吸引力的talkative健谈的sensitive敏感的-lyhappily快乐地strangely奇怪地gently轻轻地extremely极度地truly真实地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)往东-wiseclockwise顺时针方向的-alcultural文化的personal个人的regional区域性的musical音乐的-oractor演员professor教授-erengineer工程师driver司机teacher老师-essactress女演员poetess女诗人hostess女主人-mentmovement移动pavement人行道astonishment惊讶puzzlement迷惑disappointment失望argument辩论,论据-nesshappiness快乐selfishness自私kindness友好-tyrapidity迅速activity活动-eseChinese中国人/汉语Japanese日本人/日语-anAmerican美国的/人Australian澳大利亚的/人-istpianist钢琴家socialist社会主义者-ianmusician音乐家Asian亚洲的/人-ifybeautify美化simplify简化-enwiden加宽shorten缩短lengthen加长-edexcited兴奋的interested感兴趣的tired疲倦的-ingfeeling感情exciting令人兴奋的building建筑物-domfreedom自由wisdom智慧kingdom王国-thtruth真相warmth温暖width宽度-teenfourteen十四sixteen十六续表派生形式例词-cyfluency流利privacy隐私;私密accuracy精确efficiency效率,功效-yrainy多雨的wealthy富裕的sunny晴朗的-ure/-turefailure失败,没做到pressure压力mixture混合,混合物departure离开,出发-alarrival到达survival幸存approval同意burial埋葬续表派生形式例词-ance/-enceappearance出现,外貌guidance指引,指导performance表演,节目existence存在,生存preference偏爱reference参考,查阅-domfreedom自由,自主wisdom明智;智慧-y-ty-ityhonesty诚实difficulty困难cruelty残酷,残暴safety安全disability无能,伤残responsibility责任专项训练巩固提升Ⅰ.单句填空1.Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingsto(rich)theirlives.2.Itisyour(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.3.Afteralongandheateddiscussion,thefinal(agree)wasarrivedatintheend.4.TheChinesepeoplearevery(friend)toforeigners.5.TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.6.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.7.Ronhada(success)careerandworkedforthecompanybeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.8.Excessivedosage(剂量)ofthisdrugcanresultin(injure)totheliver.9.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.10.(obvious),thestoryisnottrue,butthefestivalisinteresting.Ⅱ.语法填空Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewith1.(relate)andfriends.WithcomputersandInternet2.(connect)inmanyfamilies,schools,andcompanies,peoplearee-mailingothersallthetime,ortalkingtothemby3.(write)inonlinechatrooms.Itis4.(cheap)thancallinglong5.(distant).Studentsaree-mailingtheir6.(teach)toreceiveanddiscusstheirclassroomtasksandtot