高考英语大一轮复习 单元检测卷4 Unit 4 Earthquakes 试题

Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.阅读理解AMikeGodwinisanAmericanlawyerandauthorwhoinvented“Godwin'sLaw”in1990whenhemadethefollowingstatement：Asanonlinediscussiongrowslonger,acomparisoninvolvingNazisorHitlerisverylikelytobemade.Godwin'sLawisapplicabletoonlinediscussionsinforums,chatrooms,andonblogs.ThetermhasearnedaplaceintheOxfordEnglishDictionary：Godwin'sLaw:noun.Afacetiousaphorism(有趣的格言)maintainingthatasanonlinedebateincreasesinlength,itbecomescertainthatsomeonewilleventuallycomparesomeoneorsomethingtoAdolfHitlerortheNazis.Although__coined__todescribeanInternetphenomenon,thetermisbeingappliedtotheuseof“theNazicard”inothercontexts.Acomplaintbymanyforumusersisthattheso­calledlawisendingdiscussion.OnemakesaNazicomparisonandanothercries,“YousaidHitler,soIwin！”Atthatpoint,thediscussionends.Thetermhascreatedaverb,“toGodwin，”asin,“YouGodwinedthisdiscussion！”ThementionofGodwin'sLawhascometobeseenasawaytoendanonlinediscussion.Hereisacomplaintvoicedbyaforumuser：ItseemslikeGodwin'sLawisbecomingarealproblemforanysortofdiscussionontheinternet.WheneverHitler,orNazis,isbroughtupinadiscussion,thediscussionisthenoverandtheposterwhomentionedthesubjectislaughedat.ThiswouldbeaproblemifpeoplementionGodwin'sLawwhentheHitler/Nazimentionisrelevanttothetopicathand.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了高德温法则的来历以及意义，并举例对其进行说明。1．Whatwillcertainlyhappenaccordingto“Godwin'sLaw”iftheonlinediscussionislengthened?A．Thedebaterswillmaintaintheirjustice.B．ThedebaterswillmentionHitlerorNazis.C．Thedebaterswillearnaplaceintheforum.D．Thedebaterswillbecomeverysickandtired.解析B细节理解题。根据第二段可知，当网上辩论时间变长时，参加讨论的人非常有可能会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子，故选B项。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coined”inthefifthparagraphmeanprobably?A．Built. B．Adapted.C．Classified. D．Invented.解析D词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，Godwin'sLaw这个词一开始是用来描述网络现象的，后来又开始用于其他情境，所以该画线词表示“创造(新词语)”，故选D项。3．Whatisthementionof“Godwin'sLaw”viewedasinadiscussion?A．Awayofobjection. B．Awayofcomplaint.C．Awayofendingit. D．Awayofcreatingwords.解析C细节理解题。根据第六段第一句和第七段第一句以及两段中给出的具体例子可知，某讨论一旦出现这样的类比即意味着结束，故选C项。B(2018·辽宁五校高三模拟)Shortnessofbreathhasmanydifferentcauses,andthetreatmentofitisspecificforeachcause.4．__________Thereare,however,somefollowingfirstaidstepsyoucanusetotreatit,atleastuntiltheambulancearrivesoryou'reabletogetthevictimtoahospital.5．__________Themoreenergyyouspend,themoreoxygenyouuseandthemoreshortofbreathyoufeel.Thinkaboutagoodworkoutatthegym.Exercisehardenoughandyouwillfeelshortofbreath.Thecure?Takeabreak.Letthevictimsit,standorliewhere'sthemostcomfortable.There'relotsofmythsabouthowsomebodypositionssupposedlyprovidemoreairflow.Coachesregularlytellplayerstoholdtheirarmsabovetheirheadstomaximizechestexpansion.Nursingstaffassumethe“tripodposition”isthebestposition.6．__________Useoxygen.Thisisaspecialcaseusedonlyforpeoplewithchroniclungproblems.Ifthevictimhasoxygenavailable,thisiswhatit'sfor.7．__________Thevictimmayhavebeentoldbyhisorherdoctorthattoomuchoxygenfortoolongmightcausemoreproblems.Assurethevictimthatsuddenincreasesinshortnessofbreatharetheinstancesinwhichoxygenisneededmost.Treatthecauseofshortnessofbreath.8．__________Asthmapatients,forexample,oftenhavemultipletoolsanddrugstofixsuddenshortnessofbreath.Victimsoflunginfectionsmayneedtoseeadoctorandheartattackvictimsmayneedanambulance.A．Havethevictimrest.B．Takemoreexerciseatthegym.C．Thevictimshouldusehisorheroxygenasdirectedbyadoctor.D．There'remanycausesofshortnessofbreathandmanyofthemaretreatable.E．Thevictimcantrytoavoidmakinguseofhisorheroxygenwheneverpossible.F．Everypersonisdifferent,however,soletthevictimdecidewhatpositionisthemostcomfortable.G．Inmanycases,theonlywaytotreatshortnessofbreathistocall911ortakethevictimtoadoctor.语篇导读本文为说明文，主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。4．解析G顺承关系。本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选G项。5．解析A总分关系。根据本段中的Thecure?Takeabreak可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选A项。6．解析F递进关系。根据第三段的主题句可知，此处表示每个人感觉舒服的姿势都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选F项。7．解析C递进关系。根据本段的主题句可以判断，此处指要在医生指导下使用氧气，故选C项。8．解析D顺承关系。根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，并且其中很多都是可以治疗的，故选D项。Ⅱ.完形填空Sarahlivedonafarmwithherfamily.Shewas__1__tolearntotrack,toidentifyeachpersonandwheretheyweregoingbythemarkstheyleftontheground.Andifherfathercouldn'tteachher,she'dteachherself.Tothe__2__ofherfamily,sheborrowedalltheir__3__andtaughtherselftorecognizeeveryone'sfootprintsinthesand.Morethanonceherfathercameoutsideshouting,“Sarah,bringme__4__myboots.”Sarahdevelopedthehabitofwalkingaroundwithhereyesfixedontheground,__5__thecomingsandgoingsofevery__6__intheplace.Shealsodevelopedtheannoyinghabitof__7__everyone.“Whatwereyoudoingdownatthedam,Jack?You'renot__8__toplaythere.”“Didyoufindwhatyouwere__9__inthegarage,Auntie？”and“Whowasthestrangervisitingtodaywearingsizetenboots,Mum？”Aftershe'd__10__everypairofshoesthateveryone__11__,_sheturnedtothefarm'sanimals.Bythistime__12__hervictimshadtoadmit,__13__,_thatshewasgood.Herbest__14__cameoneeveningwhenshesaidthehorse'sfrontfootwas__15__.Herfathersaidthatthehorsewas__16__fine.Sarah__17__thatitshoof(蹄)hadasplit.Sarah'sfather__18__thehorse'shoof.“You're__19__.Thehoofissplit.Howdidyouknow？”“Youcanseeitinits__20__.”Sarahmovedthehorseaway.“Look,it'splaininthesand.”“Ifyoucantellithasasplithooffromthatsand,you'reprettygood，”saidherfather.语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了萨拉学习通过脚印来跟踪、识别人的技术的故事。1．A．determined B．forcedC．appointed D．encouraged解析A根据下文中的Andifherfathercouldn'tteachher,she'dteachherself可知，如果她的父亲不教她，她就自学；据此可以判断，她决心学习通过别人留下来的足迹跟踪、识别人的技术。bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事，为固定搭配，故选A项。2．A.expectation B．annoyanceC．disappointment D．delight解析B根据下文中的Morethanonceherfathercameoutsideshouting可知，她的父亲不止一次朝她发火；由此可以判断，她的行为给家人带来了烦恼(annoyance)。下文中的Shealsodevelopedtheannoyinghabitof也是提示，故选B项。3．A.shoes B．booksC．socks D．tools解析A根据该句中的taughtherselftorecognizeeveryone'sfootprintsinthesand和下文中的bringme____4____myboots可知，她借来了所有家人的鞋子(shoe)来自学识别沙地中每个人的脚印，故选A项。4．A.up B．outsideC．over D．back解析D根据上文可知，萨拉借来了家人的鞋子来自学识别沙地中每个人的脚印；结合语境可以判断，此处表示“萨拉，把我的靴子拿回来(back)”，故选D项。5．A.guiding B．hearingC．studying D．predicting解析C根据该句中的Sarahdevelopedthehabitofwalkingaroundwithhereyesfixedontheground可知，萨拉养成了走路时眼睛盯着地面的习惯以研究(study)每个来往的人的足迹，故选C项。6．A.vehicle B．personC．animal D．season解析B根据第一段第二句中的toidentifyeachperson并结合上题解析可知选B项。7．A.surprising B．criticisingC．questioning D．challenging解析C根据下文中的几个问句可知，她养成了令人厌恶的习惯，即质询(question)每个人，故选C项。8．A.prepared B．invitedC．qualified D．allowed解析D根据上文的Whatwereyoudoingdownatthedam,Jack可知，萨拉在质询杰克为什么在大坝上；结合语境和常识可知，人是不被允许(allow)在大坝上面玩的，故选D项。9．A.callingfor B．lookingforC．waitingfor D．fightingfor解析B根据该句中的Didyoufind可知，该句句意：伯母，你在车库中找到你要寻找(lookfor)的东西了吗？故选B项。10．A.worn B．collectedC．destroyed D．memorised解析D根据该句中的sheturnedtothefarm'sanimals可知，在她记住(memorise)了每个人的鞋子之后，她将注意力转向了农场的动物，故选D项。11．A.owned B．borrowedC．tried D．bought解析A参见上题解析。12．A.yet B．evenC．also D．still解析B根据该句中的hervictimshadtoadmit和thatshewasgood可知，甚至(even)她的“受害人”也不得不承认她是优秀的，故选B项。13．A.guiltily B．approvinglyC．merrily D．unwillingly解析D根据该句中的hervictimshadtoadmit和thatshewasgood可以判断，她的“受害人”也不情愿地(unwillingly)承认她是优秀的，故选D项。14．A.performance B．trickC．magic D．idea解析A根据上文中的admit,__13__,thatshewasgood可知，她的“受害人”也承认她的识别技术很好；结合该句语境可知，她的最好表现(performance)是一个晚上她说马的前蹄受伤了，故选A项。15．A.tied B．lostC．injured D．stolen解析C根据下文中的thatitshoof(蹄)hadasplit可知，马的蹄部有一个裂口；据此可知，她说马的前蹄受伤(injure)了，故选C项。16．A.safely B．extremelyC．hardly D．perfectly解析D根据下文中的thatitshoof(蹄)hadasplit可知，马的蹄部有一个裂口；结合该句Herfathersaidthehorsewas____16____fine可以判断，她的父亲与她的观点相反，认为马的健康状况非常(perfectly)好，故选D项。17．A.doubted B．wonderedC．insisted D．discovered解析C根据该句Sarah____17____thatitshoof(蹄)hadasplit并结合上句可知，萨拉坚持(insist)说马的蹄部有一个裂口，故选C项。18．A.inspected B．splitC．treated D．fastened解析A根据上句可知，萨拉坚持说马的蹄部有一个裂口，结合该句的内容可以判断，萨拉的父亲检查(inspect)了马的蹄部，故选A项。19．A.lying B．jokingC．right D．crazy解析C根据下文的Thehoofissplit.Howdidyouknow可知，萨拉的父亲知道了马的前蹄确实受伤了，故该句应为：你是正确的(right)，故选C项。20．A.boots B．tracksC．jumps D．hoofs解析B根据下文的Look,it'splaininthesand可以判断，该句句意：你可以从马的足迹(track)看到那个裂口，故选B项。Ⅲ.短文改错DearEditor，I'mtheonlydaughterofmyparents.Sotheyeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(are))/eq\f(worried,worry)①about