专题01语法填空(原卷版)-2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编(全国通用)

试卷第=page88页，共=sectionpages11页专题01语法填空（2023·山东济南·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Howlongorfaris“sanshe”intheidiom“tuibisanshe(退避三舍)”?Inancienttimes,shewasauniteofdistance.Onesheisasfaras30li.Oneliis500metersand30liis15,000meters.____1____sansheis45kilometers.Thereisastorybehindthisidiom.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770—476BC),PrinceChong’eroftheJinstateranawayfromhishomestate.Hewanted____2____(travel)tootherstates.Once,hewenttothestateofChu.KingChengofChusaw____3____(he)asanimportantguestandservedhimafeast(盛宴).HeaskedChong’er,“IfyourulethestateofJinoneday,howwouldyouthankme?”“Itseemsyourstatehaseverythingyouwant.Ihavenothingthatyoulike,”Chong’ersaid.However,hestill____4____(ask)forsomethingbytheking.Finally,Chong’ersaid,“Iwouldaskmyarmytoretreat(撤退)sansheifweeverfight.”Later,Chong’erreturnedtohishomestateofJinandbecame____5____(it)rulercalledWengong.Bothofthetwostateswantedtobecomestrongerandget____6____(much)land.Theywenttowarwitheachother.JinWengongdidn’tbreakhispromise.Heaskedhisarmytoretreatsansheand____7____(stay)inChengpu.TheChuarmy____8____(think)thattheJinsoldierswereafraidtofight,sotheyfollowedthem.____9____theirsurprise,theJinarmysurrounded(包围)them.Intheend,Jinwonthewar.ThiswasthefamousBattleofChengpu.Afterthiswar,peopleused“tuibisanshe”tomeanretreating____10____(avoid)aconflict(冲突).（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Therewasonceabigoldoaktreeanditstoodontheshorebythesea.Forit,eachyearwaslikeadayanditonlysleptinthewinter.____11____thesummer,manymayfliesdancedhappilyaroundtheoldoak.Oneday,thetreespoketooneofthem,“Youmustbesosad,becauseyourwholelife____12____(last)justoneday.”Themayflyanswered,“Notatall.Everythingaroundmeissobeautiful____13____itmakesmehappy.Weeachhavelonglives.Wejustcountthem____14____(different).”Withoutsayingmorewords,itthenflewoff____15____(enjoy)therestofthelife.Theoldoakrepeatedthisactioneverydaythatsummer,butitalwaysgot____16____sameanswer.Soon,wintercame,andthetreewenttosleep.OnChristmas,ithadadream.Inthedream,thetreelived____17____(it)lifeagain.Itexperiencedeverysinglemomenthappily.Theoakgrewbiggerandtalleruntilitcouldseethe____18____(star)inthesky.Then,itfeltapull,anditsrootswerefree.Itwassuchawonderfulfeeling.____19____somethingelsewashappeningintherealworld.Therewasaterriblestorm.Thewindwastoostrong.It_____20_____(blow)theoldoakoverandpulledthetree'srootsoutoftheground.Thepooroldoakdied,butatleastitwashappy.（2023·河北衡水·校考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。LonnieJohnsonisagreatAmericanscientist.Fromanearlyage,Lonniewas___21___(interest)inmakingthings.Helearnedhowtouse___22___(tool)fromhisdad.At13,Lonniemadeasimplecarwith___23___oldengine(发动机).Heloveddrivingitaround.Hedreamedofbecomingan___24___(invent).Byhighschool,Lonniebuiltaremote-controlrobotfromsomewastethings.Thiswonhim___25___(one)prizeatasciencefair.Hisfriendscalled___26___(he)“TheLittleScientist”.Later,hebecameanofficer,rocketscientistandbusinessleader,___27___heneverstoppedinventing.Youmayhave___28___(play)withhismostfamousinvention—theSuperSoaker,akindofwatergun.Today,Dr.LonnieJohnsonhasmorethanonehundred___29___(use)inventions.However,hestill____30____(keep)tryingnewthings.（2023·河北沧州·校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。SunJiarui,a10-year-oldgirlfromOutangCentralPrimarySchoolinWuxi,Jiangsuprovince,recentlywasfamousonlineforher___31___(cook)skills.Sun,whohasbeenlearningtocookfromherfathersinceshewaseight,cannowcookmorethanfifty___32___(dish).Itis___33___(report)thatSunJiaruiwouldgototherestaurantwithherparentsandlikedwatchingherfathercookfood___34___shewasfourorfiveyearsold.Shefirstlearnedcookingoutofcuriosityandwantedto___35___(try)herfather’swork.Atherrequest,thefather,SunYadong,beganteachinghisdaughter___36___(careful)todosomesimplecooking.Shefoundcookingdifficult___37___first,butalongtheway,shefounditenjoyable.“Cookingimprovesmylaborabilityandmakesmeexperiencelife,”shesaidwithemotion.Inthepasttwoyears,SunJiaruihas___38___(learn)alotofhomecooking.NowSunJiarui’scookingisalsofamousintheschool.Theschoolhasopenedastudio(工作坊)forthefatheranddaughter,andstudentscanlearnsomesimplecookingfrom___39___(they)onceaweek.InthecomingSeptember,primaryschool___40___juniorschoolstudentsinChinawillfindanew“practicalactivities”courseintheirschedule,withatleastoneclasseveryweek.（2023·山东济南·山东大学附属中学校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InthesmallvillagesofKenya(肯尼亚),Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.But____41____roadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenot____42____(use),solibrarybooksarriveonthepacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle(应付)thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian____43____(walk)tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180____44____(kilo)ofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowsthebookstothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelscomebackwithnewbooks.Somepeopleinthemountainsof____45____(north)Thailandgetbooksinadifferentway.Their“libraries”arecarried____46____elephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.____47____theyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases.Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatfallinthearea.Indonesiahas____48____(it)owndifficulties.Thecountryhasover17,000islands.Mostpeopletravelbyboatandtheyalsocarrytheirbooksbyboat.Alibraryboatholdsabout500booksinboxes.Boxesofbooksareleftinvillagesandaretradedfornewbooksafewweeks____49____(late).Forpeoplewholivefarandcan’tgettoalibrary,thiskindoflibrarycanbringmorethanbooks.It____50____(bring)awholeworldofinformation.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Lucas,afour-year-oldpenguin,couldnotwalkfreely.He____51____(suffer)fromthefootdiseaseandgottheterribleblistersonhisleftfootandlegs.Asaresult,the____52____(Africa)penguinhadtroublewalkingformorethanthreeyears.Dr.BethBicknesefromthezoosaid,“Lucasisoneofthefirst____53____(bird)thatIraisehere.Hewasjustanegg____54____Ifirstmethim.Itisreallyapitytoseehimmoveslowly.Sowehavekepttryingtodosomethingforhimandhelphimlivenormally.”Theworkers____55____(dress)thepenguininaspecialkindofshoesrecently.Withthehelpof____56____(this)shoes,heisabletotakepartinsomedailyactivities-suchasclimbingtherocks,swimmingandfindingapropermate____57____(easy)thanbefore.“____58____oursurprise,Lucaschangedimmediatelyafterwefittedhimwithhisnewboots.Seeinghimmoveaboutnowgivesushope.Webelievehe____59____(live)afulllife.”saidDebbieDenton,____60____experiencedworkerattheSanDiegoZoo.（2023·山东济南·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Henryworksinafactory.Hecomesfromapoorfamilyandwasinschoolforonlyfouryears.Hehastodothehardwork.Buthe____61____(pay)onlyalittle.Helikestowatchfootball____62____(match)verymuchandspendsmuchtimeonthem.Oneday,there____63____(be)animportantfootballmatchontheplayground.Heborrowedsomemoney____64____hisfriendandhurriedthere.Therewerealotofpeoplethere.Andalltheticketsweresoldout.Hewassorryforit.Hesawapole(杆子)outsidetheplaygroundandclimbeditquickly.Whilehe____65____(watch)thematch,apolicemancameandsaid,“Itisdangerous____66____(stay)onit!Comedown!”“Waitaminute,please!”Henrysaidandjustatthatmomentthepoliceman____67____(hear)cheersontheplaygroundandasked,“Whichteamhaskickedagoal?”“Ours!”“Wonderful!Ibelieveourteam____68____(kick)anothergoalsoon.Youcanstaythere,buttakecare,”thepolicemansaid____69____(happy)andleft.Whenthematchwouldbesoonover,hecamebackagainandasked,“Whohaswon?”“Theirs,3:2.”“Comedown,”thepolicemansaidangrily.“Suchamatchisnotworthwatching!”Henryhadtocomedown.Butsoontheyheardcheersagain.Thepolicemansaidin____70____hurry,“Climbupquicklyandseewhokickedagoal.”（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写个正确的单词。ItwasSaturdaymorning.David’stwo-year-oldbabysisterKatywassleeping.Davidwas____71____(lie)onthesofainthelivingroomwhenhismothercamein.“Iwanttobuysome____72____(vegetable)fromthesupermarket.YoucanstayherewithKaty,____73____gototheshopsforme.Whichdoyouwanttodo?”Itwas____74____hotdayandDaviddidn’twanttogoout.“I’llstaywithKaty,”hesaid.“Thatwillbe____75____(easy)thangoingshopping.”However,Katywoke____76____fiveminutesafterMomleftandbegantoshout.Davidgavehersome____77____(toy),readherastoryandpaintedapicturewithher.____78____(final),hehadtotidyKaty’sroom.When____79____(he)mothercamehome,hesaid,“I’vebeenverybusyandI’mverytirednow!I____80____(choose)thewrongjob!”（2023·广东深圳·深圳中学校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。WeallheardthestoryofNvwapatchingup(修补)theskywithmeltedcolouredstones.Manyyearspassedandtroublesbrokeoutagain.Oneofthem___81___(be)abigflood.ItappearedintheYellowRiverduringtheruleofEmperorYao,andthepeople___82___(force)togiveuptheirvillagesandgotoliveintreesormountains.Thefloodbroughtgreatdamagetothe___83___(people)life.EmperorYaofeltsorryforthesufferingofthepeople,soheaskedGuntosolvetheproblem.Receivingtheorder,Gunledhisteamtobuilddikes(堤坝)tokeepbackthewater___84___failed.ThenShun,thenextemperor,orderedGun’ssonYutocontinuewiththeworkafterGundied.Yuacceptedtheworkandfoundthatitwasmuch___85___(difficult)thanhehadthought.Buthefoughtagainstthegreatfloodbravely.Forthirteenyears,heput___86___(he)tohiswork.Hepassedhishousethreetimesbuthedidnotenterit.Drawingalessonfromhisfather’sfailure,heusedmethodsofchannelinganddredging(挖道和疏浚)andcontrolledthegreatflood___87___(success).Hedidsomuch___88___thepeoplethattheycalledhim“YutheGreat”andEmperorShunchosehimasthenextemperor.Yuwonthetrustofhisemperorandthepeoplewithhisgreateffort.Hewassuch___89___wise,strong-mindedandgreatpersonthatheisworth_____90_____(learn)from.Wewillrememberhimforever.（2023·湖北襄阳·统考一模）阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式使短文的意思完整，句子通顺，语法正确。WhenSuansuanfirstreadThelandofPeachBlossom(《桃花源记》)inherhighschoolChinesetextbook,shedidn’tthinktoomuchaboutit.Onedayincollege,sheremembered____91____essayagain.Afterfurtheringherstudies,sherealizedthatthereismorethanshefirstsawtothe320-wordtext.

Forexample,thelandofpeachblossomnotonlyappearsinTaoYuanming’sessay,butalsoinmanypoems,paintingsand____92____(play).Thefishermaninthetextdoesn’thaveaname,forheisasymbolofaspecialgroupofpeople—thehermits(隐士).Suansuanalsocomparesthe“caveheaven(洞天)”inTaoism(道教)____93____the“AllegoryoftheCave(洞穴隐喻)”byancientGreekphilosopherPlato.

ThesimpletextbecamemuchmorefunandattractivetoSuansuan.Shewant____94____(share)herideaswithmorepeople—bymakingvideos.Tobetterpresentherideas,shepaintsinhervideos.Foravideounder10minutesinlength,shemaydrawupto80drafts(画稿).

StartinginMay2019,she____95____(make)morethan50videos.Sevenareaboutthe____96____(hide)storiesbehindsometextsinChinesetextbooks.Therest____97____(be)aboutlearningmethodsandotherworksofliterature(文学).Thesehaveearnedhermorethan1.5millionfansonBilibili,manyofwhomareteenagers.Theyhaveleftbulletcommentsandmessagesofthanks.Theysayshehasmadetheirschoollife____98____(interesting).

Suansuansaidthetwothings____99____bringherthemosthappinessarelearningand____100____(create).Makingvideoscombinesboth.Soshewillkeepdoingit.（2023·江苏徐州·校考一模）用括号中所给的单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整，通顺。“Haveyou____101____(eat)yourmeal?”ItistraditionallythefirstsentencecomingoutofourmindwhenChinesegreeteachother.Thiscanbestshowthatfoodcultureisimportantinour____102____(day)life.Chinahassomanykindsofdeliciousfoodthatithasamuchlongerhistoryand____103____(rich)foodculturethanmanyotherplacesintheworld.Ontheonehand,manyfamouspeople,knownasepicures（美食家）,madegreatcontributionstoChinesefoodculture.SuDongpobornintheSongDynastyhadagiftnotonlyforexcellent____104____(write)butalsoforunusualcooking.HecreatedDongpoPorkwhich____105____(be)apopularandhighlypraiseddish.AnotherpersonisYuanMei,whoalsoplayedaveryimportantrolein____106____(develop)Chinesefoodculture.InhisbookSuiManShiDan,YuanMeitalkedaboutspecialcookingskillsanddishesfrombothnorthernand____107____(south)areas.Thisbookcoversover300dishespopularin18th-centuryChina.Ontheotherhand,peoplebelievethateachfoodhas____108____(it)owncharacteristicsofyinandyang.TheChinesephilosophy（哲学）ofyinandyanginfluencesfoodcookingandtastealot.Yinfoodsarethin,coolandlowincalories.Yangfoodsarerich,spicy,warmingandhighincalories.____109____(cook)foodinhotwatermakesitmoreyin,whilecookingwithhotoilmakesitmoreyang.Asaresult,differentcooking____110____(method)canmakecookingpract