2023届北京东城区高三二模英语试卷 附答案

北京市东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）

英语

2023.5

本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，

在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节,30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

OneOctobermorning,IplannedtotakeHoney,mydog,outwithme.Weliveina_1—area

upinthehills.Ourdrivewayisbarelywideenoughforonecar,witharavine（深沟）ononeside.

WhileIwasstartingthecarslowly,aflashofsunlight_2—me.Iputmyhanduptoblockthesun­

light.Suddenly,thecarslippedinthesoftsoil,androlleddowntheravine.Afterseveralrolls,we

_3_upsidedown.Iwasstuckandfeltasharppaininmychest.IlookedovertofindHoney.

Luckily,shewasokay.

Wewereatleast50feetdown.JustasI'd_4—,mycellphonecouldn'tgetasignal.

Calmdown!Itoldmyself.AtleastIcouldgetHoneyoutofhere.Painfully,Ireachedover

andpickedherupand_5—putherthroughabrokenwindow."Gohome,baby."Shejumpedto

thegroundandracedupthesideoftheravine.

Icoulddonothingbutsitthereforhours.Thelastbitoflightfadedaway.

Slam!Wasthatacardoor?"Help!”Ishoutedwithallmy_6—.

“Mike!Whereareyou?”ItwasRobin,myclosestneighbor,wholivedtwomilesdownhill

fromme.

Halfanhourlater,therescuecrew_7_andrushedmetothehospital.

ThenextdayRobinbroughtHoneytothehospital.Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedand

snuggled（依偎）close.Withherthere,itwaslikemypain_8—.“Igothomefromworkand

Honeywaswaitingforme,nRobinsaid."Shegot_9—andranincircles,likeshewastryingto

tellmesomething!?,Robinfiguredhe'dbringHoneybacktomy_10_,andthat'swhenheheard

meshout.

Honey,mylife-savinghero!

1.A.crowdedB.newC.popularD.remote

2.A.coveredB.blindedC.burntD.warned

3.A.landedB.circledC.droveD.pulled

4.A.hesitatedB.fearedC.agreedD.doubted

5.A.activelyB.constantlyC.gentlyD.secretly

6.A.courageB.wisdomC.patienceD.strength

7.A.calledB.arrivedC.formedD.searched

8.A.returnedB.spreadC.frozeD.disappeared

9.A.confusedB.disappointedC.anxiousD.bored

10.A.houseB.carC.hospitalD.office

第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给

出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

TheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday_11—

(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethat

museumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof_12_(get)more

oftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,

theorganization_13—(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,Sustaina­

bilityandWell-being.

B

Iama22-year-oldartist.Myjourneythroughartledmetobeinganenvironmentalist.

—14—weconsiderwastemaybeusefulwhenwethinkaboutitinadifferentlight.Although

largely_15—(ignore),materialsthrownawayprovideplentyofresourcesforusartiststogive

themasecondlife.Inmyhands,glassbottles,plasticbags,andotherwaste_16_(item)be-

comeaformofsustainableart.Iwanttomotivatethepeoplewhobuythistypeofarttocontribute

totheplanet'swelfare.

C

Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan—

17—（mental）travelacrosstimeandspace.

Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext.—18—

（make）itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you*dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.

Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose

—19_screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapof

theinformation,—20—inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

A

PacificScienceCenterfieldtripshavegonevirtual!BringthefunandexcitementofaPacSci

fieldtriptoyourstudentswhileengagingthemwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyour

curriculum（课程）andarousetheircuriosity.PacSci'seducatorsjoinyourclassroomlivefrom

ourCuriosityStudio,andleadstudentsthroughlivesessionsfeaturingsomeofyourfavorite

STEAMactivities.Eachprogramis40minuteslong.Wemaybeabletoaccommodateshorteror

longerprogramstofityourneeds!

AVAILABLEPROGRAMS

>PieceofMind

Cost:$300

MaximumNumberofParticipants:40

BestforGrades:6-10

Description:Beinspiredbythepowerofthebrainasstudentslearnhowitcontrolsmemory,

movement,andsight.Discoverhowthebrainfunctionsthroughliveactivitiesanidfunpuzzles,and

seearealhumanbrainsample!

>SticktheLanding

Cost:$500(includes3sessions)

MaximumNumberofParticipants:30

BestforGrades:9-12

Description:Overthecourseof3sessions,usethestepsoftheengineeringdesignprocessto

buildamodelofaMarslander.DiveintopastandfuturemissionstoMarsandcarefullyconsider

thecriteriaandrestrictionsforrealMarsmissions.Learnhowengineersarejustoneofthemany

careersthatcontributetocomplexsolarsystemmissions.

>NightSkyTonight

CostVariesbyGroupSize

•1-99participants:$250

•100-199participants:$350

•200+participants:$550

MaximumNumberofParticipants:Unlimited

BestforGrades:3-12

Description:Becomeatruebackyardastronomer.Learnhowlivingonagiantspinningball

changeswhatcanbeseeneachnight.Discoverhowtofindstars,andevenhowtheskycanbeused

tofinddirections!

>EcosystemInvestigators

Cost:$200

MaximumNumberofParticipants:50

BestforGrades:3-8

Description:Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodelrevealinghowlivingandnon­

livingpartsconnectandinteractinanaquatic(水生的)environment.Usingnewknowledge

aboutecosysteminteractions,becomeawetlandscientistandexploretherelationshipbetweenor­

ganismsinarealpondsample.

Formoredetails,pleasecheckoutourProgramRequirements.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutPacificScienceCenterfieldtrips?

A.Eachprogramisforonecertaingrade.

B.Theexpenseforeachprogramvaries.

C.Thelengthforeachprogramisunchangeable.

D.Everyprogramhasamaxnumberofparticipants.

22.Cooperationisneededintheprogram

A.PieceofMindB.SticktheLanding

C.NightSkyTonightD.EcosystemInvestigators

23.Thepassageisintendedfor__.

A.tourguidesB.researchscientistsC.schoolteachersD.programdesigners

B

RunbySocietyforScience,RegeneronScienceTalentSearchisapremierscienceandmath

competitionforhigh-schoolseniors.Oneofthewinnersofthisyearis17-year-oldEthanWong,

whotriestoimproveexistingtechnology.Hisfocus:airplanes.Nearlyallplaneshaveatail.Thetail

keepstheplane'snosefromsuddenlychangingdirectionduringaturn.Thestructureaddsstability

butweighstheplanedown.Tailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesamefunctionasthe

tail,aswellascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.Butthere'sacatch.Thosewingsmust

twist（弯曲）inaveryprecisewaythatmakesthemhardtoproduce.

EthanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoofNASA's

Prandtl-Daircraftglidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail."Ijustthoughtthatwasreally

cool,“saysEthan.Hewonderedifhecouldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.

EssentiallywhatIdidwasjusttrialanderror,“Ethansays.Usingacomputermodelofan

airplanewing,headjustedtheangleoftwistalongthewinguntilitcouldachievetaillessflight.

Usually,suchawingrequiresacontinuousdistributionofwingtwist.Buthecouldachieveasimi­

lareffectwithwingsthathadjustafewsectionsoftwist."It'ssupereasytomake,“Ethansays.

Inhisgarage,Ethanbuiltmodelairplanesusingrubbermaterialsandpackingtapetotesthis

design.uSeeingtheplaneintheairwasprettycool,“Ethansays."Itjustflewreally,really

well.

Lighter,moreefficientplanescouldopenthedoortootherairtravelinnovations."It'sbeena

long-termgoalofminetobuildasolarplanethatcanflythroughthedaypoweredbysolarpanels

onitswings,"Ethansays."Itisabsolutelypossiblefbrareallyefficientplane.”

Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,"Don'tever

giveup."Evenwhensomemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthat

theworld*sgreatestinventorsareonlyhuman,too.uAlso,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryou

do,“Ethanadds."That'llmakepursuingeverythingaloteasier.”

24.Whatisoneadvantageofthetaillessairplane?

A.Itmakesaircraftdesigneasier.

B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Itreducesproductioncosts.

D.Itpromotesflightstability.

25.WhatdrewEthan*sattentiontothetaillessaiiplanedesign?

A.Thebreakthroughinaircraftmaterials.

B.Theflightofanaircraftinavideo.

C.Theprizefbroriginaldesign.

D.Thedesireforinnovation.

26.InEthan'sopinion,whathelpinventorsrealizetheirdreams?

A.Ambitionandefficiency.

B.Enthusiasmandresponsibility.

C.Passionanddetermination.

D.Confidenceandindependence.

C

Besidesthetheoryofevolution,CharlesDarwinwasalsoresponsibleforthetheoryofemotion,

themostimportantprincipleofwhichwasthatthemindconsistsoftwocompetingforces,thera­

tional（理性的）andtheemotional.Hebelievedemotionsplayedapartinthelivesofnon-human

animals,butinhumansemotionswereaverysmallremainingpartwhoseusefulnesshadbeen

largelyreplacedbytheevolutionofreason.

Thistheorydominatedhisfieldformorethanacentury,butitwasdeadwrong.Wenowknow

that,onthecontrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoningandaidourdecision-making.In

fact,wecan'tmakedecisions,oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyouremotions.

Considerapioneering2020studyinwhichresearchersanalyzedtheworkof118professional

tradersatfourinvestmentbanks.Somewerehighlysuccessful,butmanywerenot.Theresearch-

ers'goalwastounderstandwhatdifferentiatedthetwogroups.Theirconclusion?Thetradershad

differentattitudestowardemotions.

Therelativelylesssuccessfultradersforthemostpartdeniedthatemotionshadaneffecton

theirdecision-making.Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentattitude.They

showedagreatwillingnesstoreflectontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemo­

tionandgooddecision-makingwerelinked.Acceptingthatemotionswerenecessaryfbrhighper­

formance,theytendedtoreflectcriticallyabouttheroleofemotion.Thoughthesuccessfultraders

acceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhenemotionsbe­

cometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.Theissueforthemwasnothowto

avoidemotion,buthowtoharnessit.

Ifemotionsaidrationalreasoning,howdoesthatwork?Perhapsthemostimportantdiscovery

regardingtheroleofemotionisthatevenwhenyoubelieveyouareexercisingcold,logicalreason,

youaren't.Peoplearen*tusuallyawareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessis

highlyinfluencedbywhatthey'refeelingatthetime.AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphs

putsit:"Eachemotionisafunctionalstateofthemindthatputsyourbraininaparticularmodeof

operationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,andmodifies（调整）theweightsyouas­

signtovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations."Thenewviewofemotionmaynotcorre­

spondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasicconclusionsofhistheoryof

evolution:humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Wanttofare

better?Valueandregulateyouremotion.

27.Basedonthestudy,successfultraderswould—.

A.revealtheirhiddenemotions

B.owetheirsuccesstoemotions

C.reviewdecisionsdependingonemotions

D.examinetheiractionsinfluencedbyemotions

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Controlanduse.

B.Analyseandrelease.

C.Faceandadaptto.

D.Understandandaccept.

29.AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofRalphAdolphs*

words?

A.Confidencemayexposeonetomorechances.

B.Depressionwillconsumeone'senergy.

C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.

D.Optimismwillaffectone'shealth.

30.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thecontributingfactorstoemotions.

B.Theworkablestrategiesofemotions.

C.Theworkingprincipleofemotions.

D.Theconstructiveroleofemotions.

D

September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverin

academia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA'swithessaysuwrit-

ten”usingartificialintelligence.Mostprofessorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,uGradingsome­

thinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmylife.”

Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsin

writing,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIas

muchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnology

justisn'tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletextgeneratorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,

ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybestwouldhaveearnedsomewhere

aroundaCorC-minus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:outdatedfacts,

quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascurrentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsand

namedstudentorganizationsthatdon*texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAI

requiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.

TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAi-generatedtext.

Thereareevenseveralhigh-profileALwrittenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreen­

playsthatshowcasethisimpressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors”haveaccessto

higher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmoststudentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,

thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incon­

trast,manyofmystudents*Ai-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting­

uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andincon­

sistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwriting

skillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.

MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.

Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar"，youaremorelikelytoget

AIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentsto

addresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItext

generatorsaredrawingfrom.

Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomputerscientistsdeclared,“Weshouldstoptraining

radiologists（放射科医生）now.Deeplearningisgoingtodobetterthanradiologists.vWell,

we*restilltrainingradiologists,andthere'snoindicationthatdeeplearningisgoingtoreplacehu­

mandoctorsanytimesoon.Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillal­

waysandforeverbe“justaroundthecorner”.

31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsintheexperiment?

A.Theirwritingefficiencywasaffected.

B.Theiressayswerebetterstructured.

C.TheypreferredAl-writtenessays.

D.TheyovercameAFsweaknesses.

32.WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph3?

A.Onlinetextgeneratorsarefarfromreliable.

B.Genuinestudentessaysdeservehighermarks.

C.Studentsneedtohavebettermasteryoftechnology.

D.RevisingapplicationsdecidethequalityofAIessays.

33.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatmaydiscouragetheuseofAItextgenerators?

A.Standardcriteria.

B.Strictregulations.

C.Clearinstructions.

D.Uniquewritingtasks.

34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.ToassessAFsinfluenceonstudents1writing.

B.TodiscussthethreatofAItotheteachingofwriting.

C.ToappealfortheappropriateapplicationofAItextgenerators.

D.ToanalysethedifferencesbetweengenuineandAl-writtenessays.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

Wehaveallbeenguiltyofbeingoveroptimisticwhenpredictinghowlongataskwilltakebe­

causeoftheplanningfallacy.Firstidentifiedin1977,theplanningfallacywasdefinedas:"the

tendencytounderestimatetheamountoftimeneededtocompleteafuturetask,dueinparttothe

relianceonoverlyoptimisticperformancescenarios（预测）."

Itisextremelycommon.35Forinstance,astudyconductedwithpsychologystudentsfound

thatonly30%ofthemmanagedtocompletetheirseniorpapersintheamountoftimetheypredict­

ed.

What'smore,theplanningfallacyisanincrediblystubbornproblem.36Whileweareableto

recognisepastpredictionswherewehavebeenover-optimistic,weoftenkeeponinsistingthatour

currentpredictionsarerealistic.

Theplanningfallacyissuchadeep-rootedbehavior.However,thereareafewsystematic

strategiesyoucanusetostartbuildingthehabitofdouble-checkingyourtimeestimates.Forin­

stance,youcantaketheoutsideview.37Makesuretoconsultexpertsandpeoplewhohaveat-

temptedtocompletesimilarprojectsinthepast.Ifyou*reastudent,talktoseniorstudents;ifyou're

writingabook,joinanetworkofwriters.

38Youneedtodifferentiatebetweentasksthatareurgentandimportant,importantbutnotur­

gent,urgentbutnotimportant,neitherurgentnorimportant.

Onceyouhaveanobjectiveestimateofthetimeitwilltaketocompleteaproject,youneedto

makesureyouhavethetimeandresourcestocarryoutyourplan.39

Breakdownbigtasksintosmaller,manageablechunks.Don'twaituntilthelastminutetolet

peopleknowyoumayneedtheirhelpinthenearfuture.

A.Definingyourprioritiesalsohelps.

B.Wedon'tlearnfromourpreviousmistakes.

C.Donotbaseyourestimatesonyourowncriteria.

D.Focusingonfinedetailsistherecommendedpractice.

E.Wecanseemanyfailedorlateprojects,whichleadtotimewasting.

F.Therehavebeenlotsofstudiesconfirmingtheexistenceoftheplanningfallacy.

G.Blocktimeinyourcalendar,andmakesuretheresourcesyouneedareavailable.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Withsociety'shighpressurestoachieve,it'sunderstandablethatindividualsprefertohidetheir

weakpoints-butdoingsocomesatacost.

IlearnedthatlessonwhenIparticipatedinahikingexpedition.Asanewhiker,Istruggled.

Thetripwasdifficulttomeevenwithoutneedingtocarrymyheavycampingpacks.Iwasslowed

down,yetIrefusedtotellmyteammatesinhopesthatIwouldseemperseverant.Tomydelightand

surprise,oneofthemoreactivemembersrequestedthatwestopforabreak.IquicklyrealizedI

wasn'ttheonlyonehidingmyweaknessesafternoticingtherestoftheteam'sapparentrelief.

Formanyofus,authenticity,orbehavingasone'strueselfindailylife,isquitechallenging.

Associalbeings,we'velearnedtoadaptandfitintoourenvironment,makingitchallengingtodis­

playwhoweareattimes.Yet,theadvantageofauthenticityisevident,drivingitsrecentpopularity

amongthoughtleaders.

Authenticityevenimprovedmyhikingexperience-themomentmygroupadmittedtoour

shortcomingswaswhenwestartedworkingbetterasateam.So,canbeingourselvesnotonlyhelp

usworkbetter,buthelpthosewhoworkaroundus?

Thetruthis,itcan.

Researchershavefoundthatnotonlydidauthenticworkershavehigherworkengagementand

lowerworktiredness,buttheirteammateshadthesameresults,regardlessofwhethertheywere

genuinethemselves.Theresultssuggestthatthebenefitsofauthenticitygobeyondtheindividual,

andspreadtoteammatesaswell.So,wecanimproveourteammates1workbehaviorbymerelybe­

ingourselves.

Whydoesauthenticityboostourteammates?Thisisbecauseauthenticteammatesdonotprior­

itizeprotectingthemselvesatthecostoftheirworkorrelationships.Instead,theyrecognizethein­

terestsofboththemselvesandotherswhenmakingdecisions.Thisallowsthosetheyworkwithto

feelsafewhilebeingthemselvesatwork.Byfocusinglessonappearinghard-workinginhopesto

getahead-andmoreontryingtobebetterall-aroundindividuals-authenticteammatescanmakea

greatimpactontheirworkenvironment.

40.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenonetea