高考英语语法总复习之之实词1（名词数词）课件

名词、数词实词有实在意义，能够单独充当句子成分；有形式上的变化实词名词数词代词动词形容词副词名词专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词练习1判断下列名词的类型观察例句判断下面句子或短语中加粗名词所起的作用名词的作用主语、宾语、表语、补语定语状语同位语注意：可数名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数

数词加“-”名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式

two-dozeneggs;aten-milewalk;afive-yearplan用复数作定语的情况

sportsmeeting;studentsreading-roomman,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定

menworkers;womenteachers;manchild有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留

goodstrain;customspapers;clothesbrush名词复数的变化种类变化例词一般情况词尾加-sbook→books,pen→pens以-s,

-x,-z,-ch,-sh结尾词尾加-esbus→buses,bench→benches,box→boxes,dish→dishes,quizz→quizzes(stomach例外，其后直接加-s)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i后加-esfamily→families,city→cities以“元音字母＋y”结尾词尾加-skey→keys,boy→boys以-f或-fe结尾多数变f或fe为v后加-esleaf→leaves,life→lives,knife→knives,wolf→wolves少数词尾加-schief→chiefs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs以字母-o结尾词尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes词尾加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-sis结尾的外来词变-sis为-sesbasis→bases,analysis→analyses,crisis→crises规则变化不规则变法man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese,mouse→mice,foot→feet由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen单复同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,mu以s结尾仍为单数的名词学科名词theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名注意：一些名词其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如goods,waters,fishes练习2使用单词的正确形式填空Anysmellmightattractnatural_______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.The________(arrive)oftheplanehasbeendelayedduetothefog.Recent______(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifweputourphoneaway.Thevillagewherehewasbornhaschangedbeyond__________(recognize).WhenJobsdesignediPodandiPhone,

hemadegreat_______(effort)torealizehisideas.名词的格主格Elliotisagal!宾格Vivienisaboy!所有格名词所有格表示所属关系，相当于物主代词，在句中作定语、宾语或主语Jamie’ssisterisCeci.表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’sChildren’sDay(儿童节);mysister’sbook复数名词词尾没有s，也要加’s，如men’sroom男厕所以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’Teachers’Day(教师节);Mr.Charles’book短语或词组一般在最后加’sthekingofEngland’scrown有些表示时间、距离、世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’stenminutes’break;China’spopulation无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系thelegofthedesk,thelegoftheboy’s所有格’s可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺(省略主体词)myaunt’s,thedoctor’s两人共有某物时，可以采用AandB’s的形式LucyandLily’sbedroom双重所有格art./pron./num.等限定词+n.+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词afriendofmyfather’s和afriendofmyfather的区别

（避免和限定词冲突，表达感情色彩，表达不同内涵）所有格特殊用法练习31.Afriendofmy________andIaregoingtovisit________nextweek.A．father’s;BrownsB．father’s;theBrowns C．father;BrownsD．father;theBrowns2.ThisniceT-shirtmustbe_______,becausetheybothlikewearingT-shirts.A．MaryandLinda’s B．Mary’sandLinda’sC．MaryorLinda’s D．Mary’sorLinda’s3.Hisbagisnicerthan________inhisclass.A．anyotherstudentB．theotherstudents’ C．anyotherstudents D．anystudent’s4.TaylorandCharles’mother____(be)abroadfortwoyears.5.Themajorityofpeople____(notcare)aboutthingsthathappeninanothercountry.数词基数词序数词基数词百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位，亿位和千万位之间通常也要加andthreehundredandforty-five,onehundredandfifty-threethousand,fourhundredandtwenty-fivemillion英语用千、百万、十亿等单位计数，大数字从右向左看，每隔三位划一逗号123,456,789hundred、thousand、million作量词时，单复同形，前面可以加上one,two,…等数词

twohundredapples其后+of表示概数hundredsof,thousandsof基数词一般是单数形式，但遇下列情况常用复数与of短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用：scoresofpeople/hundredsof/thousandsof表示“几十岁”：Heisinhis/thethirties.表示“年代”，用in+the+数词复数：inthe1960s（=inthe1960’s)10以下的数字一般使用单词写出，而不是阿拉伯数字基数词英语的序数词基本变法基数词加th：(1)一般在基数词后加th；(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth；(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth

fourth,fifth,twentieth特殊变法

first,second,third名词+基数词

Book3,Room4两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词，其余部分仍用基数词thirty-sixth使用序数词时一般加定冠词theI’minthethirdgrade.前加a/an时指“再一”

athirdapple序数词练习41.About________fansarewaitinghere.Theywanttoseethegreatsinger.A．twothousandof B．afewthousand C．severalthousands D．twothousands2.—Haveyougoteverythingreadyfortheparty?—No,weneed________.A．anothertwoglassesB．othertwoglasses C．twootherglasses D．twoanotherglasses3.Jennywillbe_________.She’sgoingtohaveapartyforher_________birthday.A．twenty;twenty B．twenty;twentieth C．twentieth;twentieth4.Ittookusabout________toflytoHongKongDisneyland.A．twoandhalfanhours B．twoandahalfhoursC．twohoursandhalf D．twohourandahalf5.—IsBob

?—No,heisa

boy.A．elevenyearsold；twelveyearsold B．elevenyearsold；twelve-year-oldC．eleven-years-old；twelveyearsold D．eleven-year-old；twelve-year-old分数小数数词用法倍数小数point1.7=onepointsevendot2.64=twodotsixfour分数表示法的构成：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加s1/5=onefifth;2/3=twothirds;50%=fiftyhundredths(=fiftypercent)分子基数词+in/outof+分母基数词2/3=twoin/outofthree带整数的分数8又4分之3=eightandthreefourths固定用法1/2=half;1/4=aquarter;1/3=athird分数主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+as+adj(/many/much)+n+asThereisthreetimesasmuchwaterinthispotasinthatone.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+thesize/amount/length/...ofTheearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.Youaretwicemyage.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanThegrainoutputiseightpercenthigher

thisyearthanthatoflastyear.ThesizeofAis+倍数（分数）+thatofB/whatitw