2024年高考英语模拟卷（天津卷02）（考试版）A4

2024年高考第一次模拟考试（天津卷02）英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：130分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．Inallregions,womenlivelongerthanmen.However,social,culturalandeconomicfactorscanthenaturaladvantageofwomenparedtomen.A．challenge B．guarantee C．confirm D．affect2．Ithinkyou’dbetteravoidtalkingaboutpolitics,religionandother______topicswithhimifyouarenotclosefriends.A．sensitive B．skeptical C．aggressive D．attractive3．Thedevelopmentofnewmedia,________fromtheinternettodigitaltelevision，meansthatpeopleworkinginadvertisingwillhavetoeupwithmorewaystocatchthepublic’sattention.A．ranges B．ranged C．torange D．ranging4．TheNorthandSouthPolesrepresentsthefinalfrontiersofexplorationonEarth,and________theyhavebeeanstrongattractionforbothresearchersandtourists.A．inotherwords B．asaconsequenceC．bytheway D．onthecontrary5．ThepowerofCharlieChaplin’sworksisnotonlyinhisacting,butalsointhestoriesandcharactershe________.A．hadcreated B．hascreated C．created D．creates6．You________soslowly.Ijustneededafewsecondstogetusedtoyourvoice.A．shouldn’tspeak B．couldn’thavespokenC．don’thaveto D．needn’thavespoken7．Thewayweusealanguageisso________thatonecouldsaythereareasmanyvarietiesasspeakersofEnglish.A．individual B．mon C．exceptional D．reliable8．Hi,there.CanIhelpyouwithanythingtoday?Oh,yes.________,I’dliketobuyapresentformyniece’sbirthday.A．Exactly B．Somehow C．Actually D．Definitely9．Tofightagainstglobalwarming,scientistsareworkingonenergysavingmeasurestoreducefuel________.A．consumption B．collection C．mitment D．distribution10．It’seleveno’clockalready.______youwatchthemovieatsuchalatehour?A．Can B．Must C．May D．Shall11．______myhighschoollife,I’dliketogivethemostimportantadvice—toreadthewonderfulworksfromthewriterMayaAngelou.A．Attachingsignificanceto B．LookingbackonC．Takingadvantageof D．Losingtrackof12．—Doyouknowanewshoppingmallopenedinourtownyesterday?—Yes.Whydon’twepayavisit______wehavetime?A．since B．though C．until D．unless13．TherearesomecharactersinJaneAusten’sbooksin________livesaslightfallofsnowisanevent.A．her B．whom C．whose D．their14．Althoughthetheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshows________powerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilizationareamongpeople.A．that B．how C．what D．whether15．—HereisaneweditionofCrazyEnglish.Doyouwanttolookatit?—!Letmeseeit.A．Byallmeans B．NotreallyC．Mindyourownbusiness D．Cheerup第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.Twokids,RayJandGil,16that.OnedayinourfirstNASCAR(NationalAssociationofStockCarAutoRacing)season,myteammate,RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.Hesaidsomethingabout17tomissworkforevenaday.“Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your18esfirst.”Thefollowingmonthswere19forRayJ,chemotherapy(化疗)andlongstaysinthehospital.Hewasso20thathecouldbarelyplay.However,the21boyhadbeenfightingagainstillness.Ialwaysfacedchallengesbygoing22andpushingmyselfharder.Buthowcouldastockcardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?Forthefirsttimeinmylifethe23didn’tseemsoimportant.Gilwasasixyearoldboywithararebonedisease.Hisbonesweresoeasytobreakthatahugmight24oneofthem.Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎缩).However,hehadabig25.Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces,Ididn’t26hishand.27,Iheldupmyhand.Hetoucheditandthenpulledhishandback.Hesmiledmorebrightly.Iwentdownonmy28andwetalked.HewasahugeNASCAR29.Hecouldn’tgooutsideand30,butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis31“Iloveitwhenyouwin,Jeff.”Win.Thatwordagain.HadIeverthoughtmuchaboutwhatit32?WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,andit’showI33myfamily.Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe34linefirst.Thetwokidsarethetrue35.16．A．recognized B．achieved C．resigned D．changed17．A．hating B．expecting C．failing D．refusing18．A．fee B．choice C．family D．attitude19．A．necessary B．difficult C．absurd D．unforgettable20．A．hopeless B．desperate C．careful D．weak21．A．easygoing B．strongwilled C．hardworking D．absentminded22．A．safer B．faster C．wider D．harder23．A．problem B．possession C．race D．adventure24．A．damage B．cure C．change D．influence25．A．sound B．goal C．face D．smile26．A．examine B．outstretch C．move D．shake27．A．Instead B．Generally C．Obviously D．Furthermore28．A．legs B．feet C．knees D．ankles29．A．fan B．expert C．petitor D．developer30．A．holdon B．runaround C．giveup D．breakthrough31．A．debt B．task C．optimism D．pain32．A．meant B．brought C．split D．needed33．A．love B．manage C．support D．encourage34．A．straight B．finish C．start D．red35．A．losers B．cooperators C．winners D．doctors第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AApplyingtostudyintheUKisastraightforwardprocessandwewillguideyouthroughitstepbystep.DecideonauniversityorcollegeandcourseingtostudyintheUKisyouropportunitytogaintheskills,outlookandconfidenceyouneedtofulfilyourpotential.Toensureyouchoosethecoursethatisrightforyouandforwhatyouwanttoachieve,itisbesttoreadasmuchasyoucanabouttherangeofcourses,collegesanduniversitiesavailableandparethem.Itisalsoimportanttocheckthecourseentryrequirements.Youcandothisusingourcoursesearchtool,orthecourseprofilesontheinstitutions’websites.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontacttheuniversitydirectly,whowillbeveryhappytohelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed.RegisterandapplyApplyingforanundergraduatecourseintheUKissimple:thereisoneplacewhereyoucanregisterandapplytoalloftheUKuniversitiesandcolleges—youregisterandapplythroughUCAS(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService).PostgraduatecoursesintheUKhavetheirownspecificentryrequirementsandapplicationprocesses,sochecktheindividualcoursewebsitesforinstructionsonhowtoapply.Clickheretofindoutmoreabouttheapplicationprocedure.AcceptyourofferYouruniversityorcollegewillcontactyou(usuallyviaemail)totellyouwhetherornotyouhavereceivedanoffertostudy.IfyouappliedviaUCASit’seasytotrackthestatusofyourapplicationatanytime.Ifyouareacceptedwithanunconditionaloffer,thencongratulations!Youhaveaplaceandyoucanacceptstraightaway.Ifyouareacceptedwithaconditionaloffer,theplaceisyoursaslongasyoumeetafewextrarequirements.ThiscouldbeachievingcertainexamgradesorEnglishlanguagetestscores.PrepareforyourstayOnceyouhaveyourofferandyourvisa,it’stimetogetpacking!36．WhatisanecessaryrequirementforapplyingtostudyintheUK?A．Fulfillingyourpotentialandskills.B．Meetingthecourseentryrequirements.C．Buildingconfidencetostudywell.D．Takingrequiredcoursesinadvance.37．Morespecificinformationofthecoursesandcollegesisavailablefrom________.A．exploringthecourseprofilesB．usingthecoursesearchtoolC．phoningorwritingtotheuniversityD．searchingtheinstitutions’webs38．Applyingforpostgraduatecoursesrequires________.A．registeringatUCASfirstB．applyingthroughUCASC．contactingtheadmissionsserviceD．followingcourseinstructions39．WhatistheadvantageofapplyingthroughUCAS?A．Gettingupdateswheneveryouwant.B．Receivingthejobapplicationresulteasily.C．Emailingyoutheofferinformationquickly.D．Offeringyoustudyopportunityreadily.40．Ifyoureceiveaconditionaloffer,youwillhaveto________.A．waitforthefinaldecisionB．fulfillsomeadditionalcriteriaC．takeupthepositionquicklyD．sitforfinalexamsagainBOnlyshockpreventedthetearsfromstreamingdownmyface.Mycellsweredead.AfterbeingacceptedintothepetitiveStanfordInstitutesofMedicineSummerResearchProgram(SIMR),andspendingapproximately170hoursofthepastmonthstudyinghumanembryonicstemcells(hESCs)(人胚胎干细胞),Iwasbacktosquareon—withonlyonemonthofmyinternship(实习)left.HowintheworldwasIgoingtomakeupforlosttime?AsIaskedmyselfthequestion,IthoughtbacktoexactlyhowIhadspentthose170hoursworkingtodevelopthestemcells.Istartedmyinternshipalittleoverwhelmedbytheplexequipmentinthelab.AfterIfamiliarizedmyselfwiththeequipment,IbegantofindthefunctionofPRDMI—agenethoughttocontrolreplication(复制)inhESCs.First,though,Ineededtomakeagrowthmedium(培养基)forthehESCs.Ipainstakinglymeasuredtothetenmillionthofaliter,testingtheaccuracyofeachmeasurementmultipletimesbeforefinallyputtingitintothemediumsolution.AfterIplatedthehESCsonmynewmedium,Iwaitedwithbatedbreathfortheresults.Tomyjoy,twodayslater,mycellsweregrowingverywellandevenoutgrowingtheirnewhome.IsuccessfullycreatedhundredsofstablehESCs.Everythingseemedtobegoingsowell.Butnow“Nancy,Iknowtakingthenewsthefirsttimecanbehard,butkeepinmind,youprobablydidn'tdoanythingwrong.Youknowhowsensitivetheyare.Thissortofthingismonwhenworkingwithstemcells,”theprogramdirectorsaidgently.“Iknow,”Isaid.“I’mreadytotryagain.”ThomasEdisonsaid.“Ourgreatestweaknessliesingivingup.Themostcertainwaytosucceedisalwaystotryjustonemoretime.41．WhatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph1?A．Shewasseriouslyillbecauseofacelldisease.B．Herinternshipwasshortenedforsomereason.C．Herresearchresultdidn'treachherexpectation.D．Shecriedalotafternotacplishinghergoal.42．Howlongdidtheauthor’sinternshipremainwhenthecellslosttheirlives?A．Onemonth. B．Twomonths.C．Onehundredandseventyhours. D．Oneyear.43．Whatarethefeelingsexpressedintheunderlinedsentence?A．Doubtandconfusion. B．Reliefandrelaxation.C．Anxietyandeagerness. D．Sadnessanddisappointment.44．Accordingtotheprogramdirector,whatisveryusualduringreplicationinhESCs?A．Effortsmadeinvain. B．Cellsgrowingtoobig.C．Researchersgettinginjured. D．Mediumsolutionincorrectlymeasured.45．Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughthisstory?A．Hardworkalwaysbringsgoodluck. B．Sticktohopeandnevergiveup.C．Thinktwicebeforeyouact. D．Nevermissamistake.CEveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheUSandsouthernCanadasearchformilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernoverdecreasinghabitathasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough—withinthebutterflies’rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarchcaterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobeedesensitized(使不再敏感)toit—butthatmightcausetroubletothemlateron,too.Noisepollutionisknowntoaffectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntilrecently,scientistshavenevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlymovingwithshortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddownascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltaspecialcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintomicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthanthoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise—exposedgroupreturnedtobaselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12daydevelopmentperiod,DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.“Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbeeadults,”saysDavis.ArapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwomonthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredatorsandfightwindcurrents.Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatsalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.“Therearesomanypotentialroadhabitatsformonarchsandotherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtotakeadvantageof,”Norrissays.“Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.”46．Whydidconservationistscreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides?A．Becausetheyconcernedoverdecreasingmonarchhabitat.B．Becauseitwasvitalforthemonarchtogrowquickly.C．Becausetheywereurgedtomakeanexperiment.D．Becauseitwasgoodforthemonarchtomigrate.47．WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?A．Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.B．Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.C．Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars’heartrates.D．Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.48．AccordingtoAndyDavis,whatmighthappentomonarchbutterflieswhenexposedtotrafficnoise?A．Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.B．Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.C．Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybeeadults.D．Theyaremorelikelytobekilledandeatenintheirmigration.49．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?A．Monarchs’survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.B．Peopleshouldavoidbuildingroadsidehabitatsforinsects.C．Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs’developmentalperiods.D．Butterflies’risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.50．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheRelationshipsBetweenMonarchButterfliesandHighwayB．TheEffectsofHighwayNoiseonMonarchButterfliesC．TheChangesofMonarchButterfliesAlongHighwayD．TheBenefitsofProtectingMonarchButterfliesDImagineatastybuglandingonthewebofahungryspider.Howdoesthespiderdetectitsprey?Spidersdon’thaveearslikewedo,andmanyhavepooreyesight.Buttheycansensevibrations,likethosethathappenwhenanunluckyinsecttouchestheirwebs.Andinsteadofeardrums,spidershearusingtiny,sensitivehairsthatmoveinresponsetosounds.Scientistsrecentlylearnedthatspiderscanpickupsoundsinanotherway:throughtheirwebs.“It’sbasicallyusingthewebastheear,”saidRonMiles,aprofessorofmechanicalengineeringatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYork.Milesandhisteamstudiedorbweavingspiders,whichmakewheelshapedwebs.Thescientistsplacedthespidersinaspeciallydesignedquietroom.Thentheyplayedsoundsonaloudspeaker.Theytrackedhowthespidersreactedtodifferentsoundsplayedonaloudspeaker.Thespidersturnedtheirbodiestowardthesound.Somecrouched(蹲伏)andstretched.Othersraisedtheirfrontlegs.Thescientistssaidthissuggestedthatthespidersknewwherethesoundscamefrom.Milessaidthatspidersusetheirweblikeagiantextendedear.Ifaninsectisflyingnearby,forinstance,“that’sgoingtocausethewebtovibratebecauseofthesound,”Milessaid.“Thatkindofgetsthespider’sattention.”Spidersmightevenusetheirwebstotuneintoavarietyofsounds.Milessaidtheysuspectthatthespiderisabletoadjusttheweb’stension,orhowtightlytheystretchtheweb.Thisway,itcanpickupcertaintypesofsounds.Mileshopestheresearchonspiderswillhelpusfindbetterwaystodetectsound.Mostmicrophonestodayworkbysensingpressureandturningitintoanelectronicsignal.Butinthenaturalworld,“spidersaren’tsensingpressure”.Milessaid:“Mostanimalsdon’thearthatway;theysensethemotionoftheair.”Futuremicrophones,likethoseusedinhearingaids,couldsomedayhaveadesignlikethisinmind.Thenexttimeyouseeaspider,Milessuggested,watchhowitreactstosounds,likeyourfootsteps—thoughwhatthosenoisesmeantothespiderremainssomewhatofamystery.“Spidersdon’thavegoodfacialexpressions,”Mileslaughed.“It’shardtoreadthem.”51．Spidersknowaninsectlandsontheirwebby________.A．seeingittryingtoescapetheweb B．sensingthemotionitmakesC．usingitsearstohearitmoving D．growingtinyhairstofindit52．Scientistsplaysoundsonloudspeakersintheexperimentto________.A．observehowthespiderswouldreact B．assistthespidersincatchingtheirpreyC．encouragethespiderstobuildnewwebs D．protectpeoplefromspiders53．Whydospidersneedtousetheirwebslikeagiantear?A．Itkeepsthemsafefromdangerousanimals. B．Itshowsthemwhentheyneedanewweb.C．Ithelpsthemdetectinsectsflyingnearby. D．Itletsthemmunicatewithotherspiders.54．Spidersadjustthetensionintheirwebsto________.A．blockoutsoundsthatscareawayinsects B．helpthempickupcertaintypesofsoundsC．allowthemtomakesoundsthatattractprey D．makesoundsthatgetotherspiders’attention55．WhatdoesMilesbelieveisthesignificanceofstudyingspiders?A．Itcouldleadtohearingaidsthatsensepressure.B．Itshowsthatevensmallanimalscanmakenoise.C．Itcouldallowpeopletosensetheforcecreatedbysounds.D．Itcouldresultinmicrophonesthatsensethemotionofair.第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。WhenBrantleyHarrisonandherfamilyrescuedatiny,injuredsquirrelback,thenreleasedherbackintothewild,theydidn’texpecttoeverseeheragain.Nineyearslater,however,littleBella,theycalledthesquirrelBella,stillestovisitthemalmosteveryday—aslongassnacksareprovided,ofcourse.Asababy,theterribleattackmadebyanowl(猫头鹰)leftBellaneardeath,shewascarefullytakeninbytheGreenvilleCounty,SouthCarolinafamily,andraisedbythemalongsidethreeothersquirrelsnamedLarry,Curly,andMoe.BellastayedwiththeHarrisonsuntilshehadhealedsuccessfullythankstoaregulardietoffruit,nuts,andbabyfood,andwasreadytojumponthetreesintheforest.Thesweetsquirrelnevergoestoofarfromheradoptedhome,though,andstopsbytosayhellowhenevershecan,despitehowmuchtimehaspassed.“Bellasitsrightatthefrontdoorwaitingforsomeonetonoticeshehasebyforavisit.Ifnoonenoticesher,shewilljumpovertothediningroomwindowtowaitforsomeonetoseeher,”BrantleytoldTheDodo.Thelittleladyjustisn’treadytopartwiththefamilythatsuccoredherlife.Whenevershestopsby,sheasksfor