高中英语语法-过去分词作状语讲义+练习题

过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。a.过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。◆Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.→Whenitislookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。◆Askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.→Whenhewasaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。b.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。◆Worriedabouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays.→BecauseIwasworriedabouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays.由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。c.过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。◆Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.→Iftheyaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。◆Givenafewminutes,I’llfinishthereport.→IfIamgivenafewminutes,I’llfinishthereport.再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个报告。d.过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。◆Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.→Thoughhewasencouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。◆Invitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.→ThoughIwasinvitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。e.过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。◆Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.→Thepatientgotoffthebed,andhewassupportedbythenurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。◆Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.→Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。提示：a.值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)。◆Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。典型例题：(2018·北京卷)Ordinarysoap，__________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.【答案】used【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词used。b.过去分词作状语常见结构：_______(动词)，S+V+OS+V+O,_______(动词)S,_______(动词)，+V+O（2）过关检测一、判断下列过去分词所作状语类型。A.时间状语B.原因状语C.条件状语 D.让步状语 E.方式/伴随状语1.【★★☆】Givenenoughwaterandsunlight,theplantwillgrowtothreemetres.2.【★★☆】Dividedintothreegroups,thestudentsbegantodiscussthetopicleftoverlasttime.3.【★★☆】Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.4.【★★☆】Supportedbyhisbrothers,hecouldcontinuehisstudyintheuniversity.5.【★★☆】Seenfromthetopofathirty­storeybuilding,Beijinglooksmoresplendid.6.【★★☆】Facedwithadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.7.【★★☆】Judgingfromthenumberofcars,thereweremanypeopleatthemeeting.【答案】1.条件状语2.时间状语3.原因状语4.原因状语5.时间状语6.原因状语7.伴随状语二、单句填空1.【★☆☆】Yesterdayweweredeeply__________(move)bythemoviedirectedbyZhangYimou.【答案】moved【解析】句意：昨天，我们被张一谋导演的电影深深地感动了。2.【★☆☆】Iamvery__________(delight)atthenewsthatmybrothergotthefirstplaceinthelong­distancerace.【答案】delighted【解析】句意：听到我哥哥在长跑中获得第一名的消息，我很高兴。3.【★☆☆】Wewereall__________bythe__________speechmadebythewell­knownteacher.(inspire)【答案】inspired,inspiring【解析】句意：我们都受到著名老师鼓舞人心的演讲的启发。4.【★☆☆】Myparentswere__________(satisfy)withtheplanforoursummervacation.【答案】satisfied【解析】句意：我们都受到著名老师的鼓舞人心­演讲的启发。5.【★☆☆】Tonyisreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe’regetting__________(bore).【答案】bored【解析】句意：托尼真的很有趣，当他认为我们越来越无聊时，他会讲笑话。6.【★★☆】__________(guide)byanartist,thegirlmadegreatprogress.【答案】Guided【解析】句意：受到一位艺术家的指导，这个女孩取得了很大的进步。句中thegirl与guide为被动关系。7.【★★☆】Though__________(defeat)manytimes,themandidn’tloseheart.【答案】defeated【解析】句意：虽然失败很多次，但这个人并没有灰心。句中defeat与theman为被动关系。8.【★☆☆】__________(move)bythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”【答案】Moved【解析】句意：受到音乐的感动，他说：“这就像第一次看到色彩”。句中move与he为被动关系。9.【★★☆】__________(praise)bytheheadteacher,Amywasexcitedallday.【答案】praised【解析】句意：受到班主任的表扬，Amy一整天都很激动。句中praise与Amy为被动关系。10.【★☆☆】Completely__________(examine)bythedoctors,Mr.Leewentbacktoworkrightnow.【答案】examined【解析】句意：李先生被医生检查后现在就回去工作了。句中examine与Mr.Lee为被动关系三、单项选择1.【★★☆】__________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.Losing B.Havinglost C.Lost D.Tolose【答案】C【解析】句意：他陷入沉思，差点撞上前面的车。2.【★☆☆】If__________thesametreatmentagain,he’ssuretogetwell.

A.giving B.give C.given D.gave【答案】C【解析】句意：如果再给予同样的治疗，他肯定会康复的。动词give与逻辑主语he为被动关系。3.【★☆☆】__________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.

A.Compare B.whencomparing C.Comparing D.Whencompared【答案】D【解析】句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。连词when引导状语从句，compared表被动。4.【★★☆】Shefeltrather__________thatshecouldn’tdrivethecaratsucha__________speed.A.frightening;frighteningB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightened【答案】C【解析】句意：她感到相当害怕，因