适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第二部分阅读理解专题四词义猜测课件

第二部分专题四词义猜测英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本Ⅰ.词汇复习16(根据汉语提示填入以j开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以j开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】It’snotajoke.Yesterdayarobberdressedinajacketandbluejeanswithlotsofjewelryescapedinajetplanebecauseofthetrafficjam.Nomatterhowlongthe1.__________(旅程)is,thepolice,witha2.__________(法官)andsomejournalists3.______________(加入)inthejob,aredeterminedtoarresthim.Tooursurprise,hehadneverdrunkjuice.journeyjudgejoining译文

这不是一个笑话。昨天一个穿着夹克与蓝色牛仔裤的抢劫犯,带着许多珠宝,由于交通堵塞而乘坐一架喷气式飞机逃跑了。不管行程多远,警察决定逮捕他,其中,有一位法官,还有一些记者也加入了这项工作中。令我们吃惊的是,这名抢劫犯从没有喝过果汁。Ⅱ.高考范文必背(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:1.读报的经历;2.喜爱的栏目;3.期望和祝福。注意:写作词数应为80左右。Youth

and

Me

Thankyou.[范文]Youth

and

Me

IhavebeenreadingYouthforalmostthreeyears,whichwasfoundedtenyearsago.Asafanofit,I’venevermissedanyissueofthenewspaper.MusicandSportsisthecolumnthatIlikereadingbest.Itmakesmedelightedandrelaxedtoknowsomemusicknowledgeaswellasbeautifulpopsongs.Inaddition,Icanlearnaboutsomesportsactivitiestobeheldinourcampus,whichbenefitmealot.Weallhopethisnewspaperwillbecomebetterandbetter,attractingmoreandmorereadersandhelpingusstudentsgrowuphealthily.Thankyou.

高频考点•探究突破词义猜测题考查考生不查阅词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词汇含义的

能力。常见的考查方式有:1.直接猜测某个词的含义;2.判断文中的某个代词指代的对象;3.对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义;4.对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行解释。一、单词或短语意义猜测题词汇量小是制约阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词词义理解、短语意思理解等。常见的命题形式有:Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“

”.

Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?Theunderlinedword...inparagraph2canbestbereplacedby“

”.

Whatdoesthephrase“

”inparagraph1mean?

方法突破掌握猜词技巧,疏通生词渠道1.根据转化、合成、派生等构词法进行判断。掌握一定的构词法,就不难猜测出词义。2.根据上下文解释做出判断。有时文章中出现一个需猜测其意义的单词或短语,下面接着就出现了它的定义或解释,这是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。3.根据同义词和反义词猜测词义。利用这种方法猜测词义,重点是要抓住文中表示递进、转折或对比意义的词语。4.根据因果关系进行判断。根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。5.根据转折关系、同位关系或定语从句进行判断。阅读中出现的新词、难词,其后往往会跟着一些表示递进、转折或对比意义的词语,这些词语对考生理解词汇的意义有很大的帮助。如表示转折或对比的otherwise,however,while,insteadof,ratherthan,although,but,onthecontrary等;表示并列或递进的and,aswellas,notonly...butalso...等;表示选择的or等。也有些试题需要考生根据句子结构来判断,有时根据定语从句或同位关系进行判断。阅读理解中出现的新词、难词,其后往往会跟一个定语从句或同位语对它进行解释。6.通过例子来猜测词义。考生通过归纳文中所举的例子,可以得出该词或短语的意义。常用来引出所举例子的提示词汇有suchas,forexample,forinstance,like等。例1(2021·浙江卷,B)Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself“marketingdirectorforNature”.Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

Wild

Thing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“charts”inparagraph2?A.records B.predictsC.delays D.confirms解析:A

词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的句子“He

documented

his

journey

as

he

set

about

treating

nature

as

a

brand

to

be

marketed

to

young

people.”可知其中的“documented”意为“记录”。因此,结合画线词后面的the

birth

of

the

Wild

Network

可知,他的电影记录了一个组织的诞生,故“charts”意为“记录”,故选A项。例2(2017·全国Ⅱ卷,B)...Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.解析:A

词义猜测题。本段讲的是他们共同的信仰。开头说“We

shared

the

belief

that...”,此处又提到but

sharing

that

brought

us

together,由此可知,画线词that指的是他们共同的信仰。

演练1Whilehisapproachwaspeaceful,hesometimesranafoulofthelaw.OnmorethanoneoccasionhewasarrestedattheCapitolHillinWashingtoninconcertwithgroupsprotestingwhattheyconsideredlaxoversightoftheminingindustrybythefederalgovernment.

Q:Theunderlinedphrase“ranafoulof”inthepassagemeans“

”.

A.laiddown B.carriedout C.wentfor D.conflictedwithD解析:词义猜测题。根据此段中的“While

his

approach

was

peaceful...”及“On

more

than

one

occasion

he

was

arrested...”可知,他的方法是和平的,然而有时会与法律相抵触,所以不止一次被捕。故选D项,意思是“(与法律、规章等)相抵触,有冲突”。二、句意猜测理解题句意猜测理解题通常需要考生猜测具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等的意思,要求通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。常见的命题形式有:Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans

.

Theunderlinedwordsinparagraph1probablymean

.

By“...”,thewritermeans

.

Bysaying“...”,theauthorimpliesthat

.

方法突破句意猜测理解题要使用推理法,即根据文章的前后语境推断出句子的意思。针对此类题目,考生首先要理解句子前后的语境,其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断,最后再通过综合归纳,这样试题就很容易解答了。例(2017·浙江卷,A)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

...22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.解析:D

句意猜测题。由上文内容可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。由下文内容可知,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子暗示本杰明很快就会有真正的画刷了。故选D项。演练2Whengoingthroughmajorlifechanges,likechangingcareers,IwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime.We’veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged—graduation,movingtoanewcity,gettinganewjob,joininganewclub,etc.Idon’tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment,thenyouknowthatyouchangeaswell.Mostpeopledon’tmakethesechoicesconsciously(有意识地)though.Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriend,oryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship.Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately.There’sno“gettingridofpeople”.Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother’slives.Associationsgrowintofriendships,andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon’tgetridofanyone.Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiences,youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections.

Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?A.Everyonehasatleastonefriend.B.Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends.C.Friendshipstillexiststhoughtherearefewerconnections.D.Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendsequally.C解析:句意猜测题。根据画线句后的“People

are

always

dropping

into

and

out

of

each

other’s

lives.Associations

grow

into

friendships,and

friendships

fade

into

associations.You

don’t

get

rid

of

anyone...you

may

need

to

loosen

up

some

of

your

existing

connections.”可知,尽管人们之间的联系少了,但友谊依然存在。故选C项。新题演练•能力迁移A(2022·全国甲卷,C)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游,后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象的故事。1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.A解析:词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“has

had

a

deep

love

for

travel”以及“her

sons

eventually

flew

the

nest”可知,Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了,自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.C解析:推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And

it

was

in

Chile

she

discovered

she

could

get

last-minute

cheap

deals

on

ships

going

to

Antarctica...”以及第三句中的“I

just

decided

I

wanted

to

go”可知,在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票,然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”,符合题意。故选C项。3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.C解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The

realization

that

this

is

a

precious

land,to

be

respected

by

humans...”可知,它应该被很好地保护。注意

“hit

home

to

sb”

意为“切中要害,使人接受”,不指“家”的概念。

故选C项。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.B解析:主旨大意题。文章从第一段就提到Ginni去了南极洲,第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件,第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行,最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文,且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”可知,一次难忘的经历最合适。

故选B项。B(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,D)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小就喜欢读书,喜欢待在图书馆里,并且喜欢读书这一习惯延续到了下一代人。作者鼓励人们尽自己所能支持图书馆、利用好图书馆。1.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.

B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable. D.Casual.C解析:推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书,有时一天能读三本书。由此推知,作者与书籍的关系是“不可分离的”。故选C项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.B解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,作者成为母亲后,她的孩子们也喜欢读书,喜欢去图书馆。由此推断出,画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。故选B项。3.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.C解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知,作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支持图书馆。故选C项。4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledge B.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoung D.MyLoveoftheLibraryD解析:标题概括题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。故选D项。C(2020·山东卷,D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournal

of

Consumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethet