英语六级阅读讲义

六级与四级的区别：一、词——词汇量5500。二、句——出题考长句子。三、段——所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But,Yet,However转折连词后面是重点，常考点。四、选项——有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。六级题型：

1.主旨题（SumUp/Title）看文章每段第一句24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.注：文章三段第一句都出现automation，两段出现labour，因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".

注：refersto下定义Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.注：labour雇员Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.注：union工会，和雇员有关2.词汇题——找词所在句子关系转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是……，找转折连词But,Yet,However。并列关系。例如：AandB，问A就把B内容填进去。解释关系。用because和从句inwhich等联系。例如：30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson______.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess（文章前四段省略）Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebeesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.注：把握and前后是并列关系。3.细节题直接细节、因果推理、暗示例如：31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago____________.A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesC)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeB)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsC)moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelationsD)asimportantastheabilitytocooperatewithothersintheorganizationOurshasbeeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddleclasspersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middleclassandupperclassemployeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulationgrowingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿记).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipinmon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.4.作者态度题（attitude）——正负态度凡是文章探讨新事物——正态度凡是文章探讨老事物——负态度例外：中立题25.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.A)affectionateB)disapprovingC)approvingD)neutral●例子：例子必出题。文章有论点论据论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。

例子开始的标志：forexample，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。

例子含义的标志：show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly[Page72]IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbeeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestspetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990's,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(猫头鹰),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcuttersandtheowlswasstillundecidedinmid1992.

注：1.controversial的意思是受争议的，同“sharplypoliticalissue”，contro表示“反”2.forexample前句子是重点3.problematic悬而未决的Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使穷困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.

注：1.tension张力，冲突2.看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。3.But转折是重点ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧层),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwilleonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethepositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'splexweblife.

36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversial

issue?

A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.

B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.

C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.

D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.

注：细节题。第一段economicinterests●表示绝对的词出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。全无：nonnothingneverseldomabsolutelyhardlylittlefewpreventexcludeneither...nor全有：alleveryfulleither…唯一：onlyexactlybestmost37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.

A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.

B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.

C)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.

D)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.

注：细节题，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出“和经济利益冲突”就对了。38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood_______.

A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.

B)isbutashorttermrelieftothefoodproblem.

C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.

D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.

注：对应文章第二段。Shortterm对应temporarily，relief对应avoid。39.Among“humanity'scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientists

is_______.

A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.

B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.

C)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.

D)theeffectofglobalwarming.

注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob，diversity对应richness。40.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.

A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity'scurrentproblems.

B)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems.

C)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrent

problems.

D)topointoutthathumanity'scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations.注：看最后一句话，cooperationofnations对应coordinatedinternationalefforts。[Page80]Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslger,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

注：1.vulnerable易受伤害的2.immunedefense免疫系统3.found之后是试验告诉我们的观点4.depress压抑，de往下

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.注：1.看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。2.passive被动的21.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity______.

A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffected

C)wasalteredD)wasweakened注：定位文章第一段found之后

22.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto______.

A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B)turnofftheelectricity

C)beeabnormallysuspiciousD)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

注：定位第二段But之后那句话

23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat______.

A)theydislikeditstaste

B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C)itledtostomachpains

D)theyassociateditwithstomachaches22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.(A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparents(B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents(C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren(D)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwaysplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparentchildrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.注：1.critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_____.(A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities(B)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife(C)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago(D)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivitiesGreenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaselfevidentstatementthanonthebaseofacloselyreasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisratherplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.注：GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献。Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehaveetotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreetdoorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreetdoorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.23.Thepassagemainlydealswith______.

(A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps

(B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps

(C)theimportanceofwatertolife

(D)lifeintheMojaveDesert

注：三段出现shrimp，说明本文主要讲shrimp，排除C和D，A选项lifespan没出现过。Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼虫).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小虾)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouthwestoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.

TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch(孵化).Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.

Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.

Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egglaying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egglaying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.

(A)ThewellbeingofCareerWomen

(B)SourcesofMasteryandPleasure

(C)TwoAspectsofWomen'sWellBeing

(D)FreedomRolesWomeninSociety注：A选项career缩小了范围，B选项没出现woman，扩大了选项Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasense"pleasure"findinglifeenjoyablearenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold"Youcan'thaveitall."Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"Youchoseacareer,soyoucan'texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife."or"YouhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildrenWhat'sallthisaboutwantingacareer?"Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwellbeing,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,wellbeinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesselfesteem(自尊),asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditisposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism(乐观).Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwellbeingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwellbeing.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.

Awoman'swellbeingisenhanced(增进)whenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinabinationofrolesmarriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwellbeing,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.30.Thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe_________.

A)Apple'sEffortssoStayAheadofIBMB)Apple'sNewputerTechnology

C)Apple'sNewpersonalputersD)Apple'sResearchActivities

Thepetitionamongproducersofpersonalputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheirpetitors'rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorpetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremainpetitive.Appleputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonputers,theMacintoshIIandMacintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple'smajorpetitors.

Apple'snewputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMacintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBMpatibleprograms.Thispatibilityfeatureillustratesputermanufacturers'newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MaltingAppleputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple'seffortatmakingtheMackintoshpatiblewithIBMputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales,UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.

Thenewputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.panyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulputer.Applewantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalputermarkertofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedputers.

EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorpetitors,bothpaniesrealizethattheirpetitor'sputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics,whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorepatibilitybetweenthetwopanies'products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A)putersandtheKnowledgeSociety.

B)ServiceindustriesinModernSociety.

C)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra.

D)RapidAdvancementofinformationTechnology注：一个选项能概括每一段的内容或者大多数段的内容，即看每段首句。主旨题的迷惑选项：末段内容、细节内容、加词缩小范围，减词扩大范围。

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemoreparttimejobs.Morepeopleareselfemployed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Longheldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployersallthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindtogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalputers,digitalmunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbeeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.puterknowledgewillbeeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?

A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbyputers.

B)cannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets

D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,usedthatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusicculture.Themostvividbodyof"things"init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butre