2015年英语专业四级真题及答案

PART1DICTATION[10MIN]Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15seconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven1minutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONATALKInthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocompleteyourwork.SpeechduringFreshmen'sWeek1.Classattendance__1__attendanceisrequiredNotdoingso:noattendancecertificate__2__inassignedgroupsIndividualwork:__3__Privatestudy:__4__hoursperday2.MethodsofassessmentFinalassessment5piecesofwrittenworkfrom__5__Finalexamof3three-hourpapers,ora10,000essayMore__6__informationfromtutorsRulesNo__7__inclassrooms3.__8____9__Nomorethan5guestsduringthedayReserve__10__forlargerpartiesSECTIONBCONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Youhavethirtysecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentotheconversations.ConversationOne1.A.Thereturntripistooexpensive.B.Thereisnotechnologytogetpeopleback.C.Peopledon'twanttoreturn.D.Thereturntripistoorisky.2.A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Calmness.D.Skills.3.A.Hecan'tcalmlycopewithproblems.B.Heisnotsmartandhealth.C.Hebelongstopeoplewithspecificskills.D.Heistooshytosignupforthetrip.4.A.TheOlympicsaudienceB.ThewholeworldC.TheparticipantsthemselvesD.Peoplewatchingthemissionontelevision.5.A.CuriosityandhobbiesofthespeakersB.InterestinwatchingthemissiononTV.C.Thekindofpeoplesuitableforthetrip.D.Recruitmentofpeopleforthetrip.ConversationTwo6.A.Goingtothehighstreet.B.Visitingeverydayshops.C.Visitingshopsandbuyingonline.D.Buyingthingslikeelectricalgoods.7.A.Shoes.B.Electricalproducts.C.Smartphones.D.Newspapers.8.A.3%B.33%C.42%D.24%9.A.Theywanttoseetherealthingfirst.B.Theywanttoknowmoreaboutpricing.C.Theycanreturntheproductlater.D.Theycanbargainforalowershopprice.10.A.Increaseprices.B.Sellmoreproducts.C.Offerdiscountvouchers.D.Reducecosts.PARTIIILANGUAGEKNOWLEDGETherearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwords,phrasesorstatementsmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseoneword,phraseorstatementthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.11.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook,don'tforgettoputitbackontheshelf,______?A.willyouB.doyouC.don'tyouD.won'tyou12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.Fivemilesseemlikealongwalktome.B.Tendollarswasstolenfromthecashregister.C.Eithermysisterormybrotheriswrong.D.Onlyoneoutofsixwerepresentatthemeeting.13.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage______theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.A.butB.norC.likeD.as14.Thereisnodoubt______thecommitteehasmadetherightdecisiononthehousingproject.A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.were16.Whichofthefollowingisastativeverb(静态动词)?A.DrinkB.CloseC.RainD.Belong17.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesasubject-verbrelation?A.Themanhasalargefamilytosupport.B.Shehadnowishtoquarrelwithherbrother.C.Hewasthelastguesttoleave.D.Maryneedsafriendtotalkto.18.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?A.AbitofflowersB.FewwordsC.ThisworkD.Anothertwogirls19.Whenonehasgoodhealth,______shouldfeelfortunateA.youB.sheC.heD.we20.There______nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be21.Bottlesfromthisregionsell______atabout$50acase.A.wholesaleB.totallyC.entirelyD.together22.Theproductcontainsno______colours,flavours,orpreservatives.A.fakeB.falseC.artificialD.wrong23.______andbusinessleadersweredelightedatthedecisiontoholdthenationalmotorfairinthecity.A.CivilB.CivilizedC.CivilianD.Civic24.Thecitycouncilisplanningahugeroad-buildingprogrammetoeasecongestion.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.calmB.relieveC.comfortD.still25.Hisunfortunateappearancewasoffsetbyanattractivepersonality.TheunderlinedpartmeansallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.improvedB.madeupforC.balancedD.compensatedfor26.Thedoctorsaidthatthegashinhischeckrequiredstitches.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.lumpB.depressionC.swellingD.cut27.Duringtheeconomiccrisis,theyhadtocutbackproductionand______workers.A.layintoB.layoffC.laydownD.layaside28.Tomarkitsonehundredthanniversary,theuniversityheldaseriesofactivitiesincludingconferences,filmshows,etc.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.celebrateB.signifyC.symbolizeD.suggest29.Hisfertilemindkeepsturningoutnewideas.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.abundantB.unbelievableC.productiveD.generative30.Theseissueswerediscussedatlengthduringthemeeting.Theunderlinedpartmeans______.A.eventuallyB.subsequentlyC.lastlyD.fullyPARTIVCLOZE[10MIN]Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEETTWO.A.asB.aimlessC.botherD.fastE.flightsF.helplessG.labor-savingH.levelsI.money-savingJ.pauseK.quiteL.standbyM.standstillN.trafficO.trappedElectricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheTVset.Atnight,roadsarebrightlylit,enablingpeopleand__31__tomovefreely.Neonlightingusedinadvertisinghasbecomepartofthecharacterofeverymoderncity.Inthehome,many__32__devicesarepoweredbyelectricity.Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandare__33__asleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.Everyday,trains,busesandsubwaystakeustoandfromwork.Werarely__34__toconsiderwhyorhowtheyrun——untilsomethinggoeswrong.Inthesummerof1959,somethingdidgowrongwiththepower-plantthatprovidedNewYorkwithelectricity.Foragreatmanyhours,lifecamealmosttoa__35__.Trainsrefusedtomoveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedark,powerlesstodoanything;liftsstoppedworking,sothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobe__36__betweentwofloors,youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydown__37__ofstairs.FamousstreetslikeBroadwayandFifthAvenueinaninstantbecameasgloomyanduninviting__38__themostremotebackstreets.Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedto__39__incaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedand__40__asanybodyelse.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[35MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachquestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONEInundatedbymoreinformationthanwecanpossiblyholdinourheads,we'reincreasinglyhandingoffthejobofrememberingtosearchenginesandsmartphones.Googleisevenreportedlyworkingoneyeglassesthatcouldonedayrecognizefacesandsupplydetailsaboutwhoeveryou'relookingatButnewresearchshowsthatoutsourcingourmemory—andexpectingthatinformationwillbecontinuallyandinstantaneouslyavailable—ischangingourcognitivehabits.ResearchconductedbyBetsySparrow,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatColumbiaUniversity，hasidentifiedthreenewrealitiesabouthowweprocessinformationintheInternetage.First,herexperimentsshowedthatwhenwedon'tknowtheanswertoaquestion,wenowthinkaboutwherewecanfindthenearestWebconnectioninsteadofthesubjectofthequestionitself.Asecondrevelationisthatwhenweexpecttobeabletofindinformationagainlateron,wedon'trememberitaswellaswhenwethinkitmightbecomeunavailable.Andthenthereistheresearchers'finalobservation:theexpectationthatwe'llbeabletolocateinformationdownthelineleadsustoformamemorynotofthefactitselfbutofwherewe'llbeabletofindit.Butthishandoffcomeswithadownside.Skillslikecriticalthinkingandanalysismustdevelopinthecontextoffacts:weneedsomethingtothinkandreasonabout,afterall.Andthesefactscan'tbeGoogledaswego;theyneedtobestoredintheoriginalharddrive,ourlong-termmemory.Especiallyinthecaseofchildren,“factualknowledgemustprecedeskill”，saysDanielWillingham,aprofessorofpsychology，attheUniversityofVirginia—meaningthatthedaysofdrillingthemultiplicationtableandmemorizingthenamesofthePresidentsaren'toverquiteyetAdults,too,needtorecruitasupplyofstoredknowledgeinordertosituateandevaluatenewinformationtheyencounter.Youcan'tGooglecontext.41.Google'seyeglassesaresupposedto____.A.improveourmemoryB.functionlikememoryC.helpusseefacesbetterD.worklikesmartphones42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSparrow'sresearchisCORRECT?A.Werememberpeopleandthingsasmuchasbefore.B.WeremembermoreInternetconnectionsthanbefore.C.Wepayequalattentiontolocationandcontentofinformation.D.Wetendtorememberlocationratherthanthecoreoffacts.43.Whatistheimpliedmessageoftheauthor?A.Webconnectionsaidourmemory.B.Peopledifferinwhattoremember.C.Peopleneedtoexercisetheirmemory.D.Peoplekeepmemoryonsmartphones.PASSAGETWOIwasasecond-yearmedicalstudentattheuniversity,andwasonmyseconddayofroundsatanearbyhospital.Myuniversity'sphilosophywastogetstudentsseeingpatientsearlyintheireducation.Niceidea,butitoverlookedonedetail:second-yearstudentsknownexttonothingaboutmedicine.Assignedtomyteamthatdaywasanattending-aseniorfacultymemberwhowastheremostlytomakepatientsfeeltheyweren'tinthehandsofamateurs.Manyattendingswereresearcherswhodidn'thavemuchrecenthospitalexperience.Minewasactuallyanarthritisspecialist.Alsoalongwasaresident(therealboss,withastaggeringmasteryofmedicine,atleasttoarookielikemyself).Inadditionthereweretwointerns(住院实习医生).TheseguyswerejustasgreenasIwas，butinascarierway:theyhadrecentlygraduatedfromthemedicalschool,sotheyweretechnicallyMDs.Ibeganthedayat6:30am.AninternandIdidaquickcheckofoureightpatients;later,weweretopresentourfindingstotheresidentandthentotheattending.Ihadthreepatientsandtheinternhadtheotherfive-pieceofcake.ButwhenIarrivedintheroomof71-year-oldMr.Adams，hewassittingupinbed,sweatingheavilyandpanting(喘气).He'djusthadahipoperationandlookedterrible.Ilistenedtohislungswithmystethoscope,buttheysoundedclear.NextIcheckedthelogofhisvitalsignsandsawthathisrespirationandheartratehadbeenclimbing,buthistemperaturewassteady.Itdidn'tseemlikeheartfailure,nordiditappeartobepneumonia.SoIaskedMr.Adamswhathethoughtwasgoingon."It'sreallyhotinhere,Doc,"hereplied.SoIattributedhisconditiontothestuffyroomandtoldhimtherestoftheteamwouldreturninafewhours.Hesmiledandfeeblywavedgoodbye.At8:40am.,duringourteammeeting,"CodeBlueRoom307!"blaredfromtheloudspeaker.Ifroze.ThatwasMr.Adams'sroom.Whenwearrived,hewasmotionless.Theautopsy(尸体解剖)laterfoundMr.Adamshadsufferedamassivepulmonaryembolism(肺部栓塞).Abloodclothadformedinhisleg,workeditswaytohislungs,andcuthisbreathingcapacityinhalf.Hissymptomshadbeentextbook:heavyperspirationandshortnessofbreathdespiteclearlungs.Theonlythingwas:Ihadn'treadthatchapterinthetextbookyet.AndIwastooscared,insecure,andproudtoaskarealdoctorforhelp.Thismistakehashauntedmefornearly30years,butwhat'sparticularlyfrustratingisthatthesamemedicaleducationsystempersists.WhoknowshowmanypeoplehavediedorsufferedharmatthehandsofstudentsasnaiveasI,andhowmanymorewill?44.Welearnthattheauthor'steammembershad__D__.A.someprofessionaldeficiencyB.muchpracticalexperienceC.adequateknowledgeD.longbeenworkingthere45.“Hissymptomshadbeentextbook”meansthathissymptomswere_D___.A.partofthetextbookB.explainedinthetextbookC.nolongerinthetextbookD.recentlyincludedinthetextbook46.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorexpresses__B__aboutthemedicaleducationsystem.A.optimismB.hesitationC.supportD.concernPASSAGETHREEThewaronsmoking,nowfivedecadesoldandcounting,isoneofthenation'sgreatestpublichealthsuccessstories-butnotforeveryone.Asawhole,thecountryhasmadeamazingprogress.In1964,fourintenadultsintheUSsmoked;todayfewerthantwointendo.Butsomestates-Kentucky,SouthDakotaandAlabamatonamejustafew-seemtohavemissedthemessagethatsmokingisdeadly.TheirfailureisthegreatestdisappointmentinanefforttosavelivesthatwasstartedonJan.11,1964,bythefirstSurgeonGeneral'sReportonSmokingandHealth.Itsfindingthatsmokingisacauseoflungcancerandotherdiseaseswasmajornewsthen.Thehazardsofsmokingwerejuststartingtoemerge.Thereportledtocigarettewarninglabels,abanonTVadsandeventuallyananti-smokingmovementthatshiftedthenation'sattitudeonsmoking.Then,smokerswerecool.Today,manyareoutcasts,rejectedbyrestaurants,bars,publicbuildingsandeventheirownworkplaces.Millionsofliveshavebeensaved.Theformulaforsuccessisnolongerguesswork:Adopttoughwarninglabels,airpublicserviceads,fundsmokingcessationprogramsandimposesmoke-freelaws.Butthesurestwaytopreventsmoking,particularlyamongprice-sensitiveteens,istoraisetaxes.Ifyoucanstopthemfromsmoking,you'vewonthewar.Fewpeoplestartsmokingafterturning19.Thereal-lifeevidenceoftaxingpowerispowerful.The10stateswiththelowestadultsmokingratesslapanaveragetaxof$2.42oneverypack--threetimestheaveragetaxinthestateswiththehighestsmokingrates.NewYorkhasthehighestcigarettetaxinthecountry,at$4.35perpack,andjust12percentofteenssmoke,farbelowthenationalaverageof18percent.ComparethatwithKentucky,wheretaxesarelow(60cents),smokingrestrictionsareweakandtheteensmokingrateisdoubleNewYork's.Otherlow-taxstateshavesimilarlydismalrecords.Enemiesofhightobaccotaxesclingtothetiredargumentthattheyfalldisproportionatelyonthepoor.True,butsodothedeadlyeffectsofsmoking,farworsethanatax.Theeffectofthetaxesisamplifiedfurtherwhentherevenueisusedtofundinitiativesthathelpsmokersquitorpersuadeteensnottostart.Anti-smokingforceshaveplentytocelebratethisweek,havinghelpedavoid8millionprematuredeathsinthepast50years.Butaslongas3,000adolescentsandteenstaketheirfirstpuffeachday,thewarisnotwon.47.Accordingtothecontext,"Theirfailure"refersto_______.A.thoseadultswhocontinuetosmokeB.thosestatesthatmissedthemessageC.findingsofthereportD.hazardsofsmoking48.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtostageanti-smokingcampaigns.B.Theeffectsofthereportonsmokingandhealth.C.Theeffortstocutdownonteenagesmoking.D.Taxasthesurestpathtocutsmoking.PASSAGEFOURAttachmentParentingisnotIndulgentParenting.Attachmentparentsdonot“spoil”theirchildren.Spoilingisdonewhenachildisgiveneverythingthattheywantregardlessofwhattheyneedandregardlessofwhatispractical.Indulgentparentsgivetoysfortantrums(发脾气)，icecreamforbreakfastAttachmentparentsdon'tgivetheirchildreneverythingthattheywant,theygivetheirchildreneverythingthattheyneed.Attachmentparentsbelievethatloveandcomfortarefreeandnecessary.Notsweetsortoys.AttachmentParentingisnot"afraidoftears"parenting.Ourkidscry.Thedifferenceisthatweunderstandthattantrumsandtearscomefromemotionsandnotmanipulation.Andourchildrenunderstandthistoo.Theycryandhavetantrumssometimes,ofcourse.ButtheydothisbecausetheiremotionsaresooverwhelmingthattheyneedtogetitoutTheydonotexpecttobe"rewarded"fortheirstrongnegativeemotions;theysimplyexpectthatwewilllisten.Wepickupourbabieswhentheycry,andwerespondtothetearsofourolderchildrenbecausewebelievefirmlythatcomfortisfree,loveisfree,andthatwhenachildhasneedforcomfortandlove,itisourjobtoprovidethosethings.Wearenotafraidoftears.Wedon'tavoidthem.Weholdourchildrenthroughthemandteachthemthatwhentheyarehurtorfrustratedweareheretocomfortthemandhelpthemworkthroughtheiremotions.AttachmentParentsisnotClingyParenting.Idonotclingtomychildren.Infact,I'mprettyfree-range.Assoonastheycanmovetheyusuallymoveawayfrommeandletmesetupachaseastheycrawl,run,skipandhopontheirmerrywaytoexploretheworld.Sure,Icarrythemandhugthemandchasethemandkissthemandrockthanandsleepwiththem.Butthisisnotmefollowingthemeverywhereandpullingthembacktome.Thisismebeingahomebase.The"attachment"comesfromtheirbeingallowedtoattachtous,notfromusattachingtothanlikeparentalleeches.AttachmentParentingisnotSelfishParenting.Itisalsonotselflessparenting.Wearenotdoingitforus,andwearenotdoingittotormentourselves.AttachmentparentingisnotHelicopterParenting.Idon'thover.Isupervise.Ifollow,Iteach,Idemonstrate,Iexplain.Idon'tslapcurioushandsaway.Ishowhowtodothingssafely.Iletmychilddothethingsthatmychildwishestodo,firstwithhelpandthenwithsupervisionandfinallywithtrust.Idon'tinsistthatmy23montholdholdmyhandwhenwewalkonthesidewalkbecauseIknowIcanrecallhimwithmyvoicebecausehetrustsmetoallowhimtoexploreandhetrustsmetoexplainwhensomethingisdangerousandtohelphimsatisfyhiscuriositiessafely.MostofthenegativethingsthatIhearabout"attachmentparents"arecompletelyoff-baseanddescribesomethingthatisentirelyunlikeAttachmentParenting.AttachmentParentingischild-centricandfocusesontheneedsofthechild.Childrenneedstructure,rules,andboundaries.AttachmentParentssimplybelievethatthechildandtheparentareallies,notadversaries.Andthatchildrenaretaught,nottrained.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldparentsdowhentheirkidscry?A.Rewardingkidswithtoys.B.Tryingtostopkidscrying.C.Holdingthemtilltheystop.D.Providingcomfortandlove.50.Whatdoes"free-range”meanaccordingtothepassage?A.Willingtogivekidsfreedomofmovement.B.Readytoplaygameswithmykids.C.Curioustowatchwhatgamestheyplay.D.Fondofprovidingahomebase.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOmorethanTENwordsinthespaceprovidedonAnswerSheetTwo.PASSAGEONE51.Accordingtothepassage，whatdoes“cognitivehabits”referto?PASSAGETWO52.Whywastheauthordoingroundsinahospital?PASSAGETHREE53.Whatdoes“counting”meaninthecontext?54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofraisingtaxoncigarettes?PASSAGEFOUR55.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?PARTⅥWRITINGShouldwerevivetraditionalChinesecharactersorcontinueusingsimplifiedcharacters?Thishasbeenanintenselydiscussedquestionforyears.Thefollowingarethesupporters'andopponents'opinions.Readcarefullytheopinionsfrombothsidesandwriteryourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushouldfirstsummarizetheopinionsfrombothsidesandgiveyourviewontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency，organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.YESTraditionalcharacters,