2015届高中英语外研版（通用）【配套WORD文档】Book 3 Module 5

重点单词1.principle/′prInsəpl/n．原则，准则2.position/pə′zIʃn/n．职位3．stress/stres/vt.强调；n.紧张；压力；紧迫4.resign/rI′zaIn/vi.辞职5．condition/kən′dIʃn/n．状况；条件；环境6.justice/′dʒʌstIs/n．公正；正义7．influential/ˌInflu′enʃl/adj.有影响的→influencen．&v．影响8．equal/′iːkwɒl/adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的；v.与……相等；等于；比得上；敌得过→equalityn．平等，对等；一致性9．honesty/′ɒnIsti/n．诚实→honestadj.诚实的10．contribution/ˌkɒntrI′bjuːʃn/n．贡献→contributev．作贡献11．inventor/In′ventə/n．发明家→inventvt.发明→inventionn．发明12．order/′ɔːdə/n．秩序；vt.命令；订购→orderlyadj.秩序井然的13．adviser/əd′vaIzə/n．顾问→advisev．建议→advicen．建议；意见14．importance/Im′pɔːtns/n．重要；重要性→importantadj.重要的15．freedom/′friːdəm/n．自由→freeadj.自由的重点短语1.lookafter照顾；照料2.bringup养育，抚养3．beatwarwith与……交战4.beproudof为……自豪5．forthefirsttime首次，第一次6.inconclusion总之7．asenseofresponsibility责任感8.beeinterestedin对……感兴趣9．asaresult结果是10.ifso如果这样的话经典句型1.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。3．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。4．Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcentury，andwerenofasterthanahorse.19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马跑得快。语境记忆Thegreatthinkersoftenstresstheimportanceoffreedom，peaceandorder.Theyusuallyadvocateprincipleswithgoodmorals，suchasjustice，honesty，loveandkindness.构词记忆eq\x(­ance)acquaintance/ə′kweIntəns/n．1.[C]&[U]熟悉；熟知2.[C]相识的人；熟人allowance/ə′laʊəns/n．[C]津贴；补贴；零用钱appearance/ə′pIərəns/n．1.[多作不可数名词]出现2.[C]&[U]外观；外貌assistance/ə′sIstəns/n．[U]帮助；协助；援助1．Theadvisergaveusagoodpieceofadvice.Headvisedusthatwestarttheprojectatonce.(advise)2．Hecontributedalottosociety.Hiscontributionswillberememberedbyallofusforever.(contribute)3．QiuJin，asafighter，calledforequalrightsbetweenmenandwomen.4．Iwon’tchangemycarasitisstillingoodcondition.5．Tomhadtogiveuphispositionwiththepany.6．Heisthesortofmantobetrustedbecausehealwayslivesuptohisprinciples(原则)．7．Theyarehavinganargument(争论，争吵)aboutthechildren.8．Everyoneissupposedtohavethefreedom(自由)tochoosetheirwayoflife.9．Letmehavealookatthefuel(燃料)bills.10．TheEnglishteacherstressed(强调)theimportance(重要性)ofreadingaloud.1equaladj.相同的，相等的thesamein...；平等的；相当的；能胜任的fit；capable；n.同等的人;相等物;v.与……相等,等于bethesamein...；比得上；抵得过beasgoodas...beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；与……相等；胜任……onequalterms在对等的条件下withoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比)Heisaplayerwithoutequal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Thoughsheisyoung，shehasnoequalinmusic.尽管她很年轻，但在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。夯实基础一句多译他能胜任这项工作。(1)Heisequaltothejob.(equal)(2)Heisuptothejob.(up)(3)Heisfitforthejob.(fit)(4)Heisqualifiedtodothejob.(qualified)2eq\x(ordern.秩序；指示；点菜；订购；v.命令；订购；点酒菜等)inorder按顺序；整齐；状况良好outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障inordertodosth./that...目的是；为了keepgoodorder保持良好秩序placeanorderfor订购……takeone’sorder记下顾客点的菜ordersb.todo...命令某人做……Shearrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.她早早到场，为了找个好位置。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Iplacedanorderforanewspapertobedelivered(deliver)daily.②Ourheadteacher’sorderisthatourhomeworkbehanded(hand)inafterschool.(2)Themachineisoutoforderanddoesn’twork(出了故障，不工作了)．3stressn.压力；强调；紧张pressure；重要性emphasis；重音；vt.强调emphasize；使紧张；加压力于press；用重音读understress在压力之下underthestressof在……压力下lay/place/putstresson强调……stresstheimportanceof强调……的重要性Thespokesmanstressedthemeasuresdidnotamounttoanoverallban.该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。Katycouldthinkclearlywhennotunderstress.在没有精神压力的情况下凯蒂思路清晰。夯实基础(1)Everydaywehavetofacenewchallengesandproblems.Actually，stressisn’tsuchabadthingasisoftensupposedtobe(压力并不像常常认为的那样是一件那么糟糕的事情)．(2)同义句改写Hestressedtheimportanceofagoodeducation.(用placestresson改写句子)Heplacedstressonagoodeducation.4eq\x(contributionn.贡献；捐款；投稿)makeacontribution/contributionsto对……作出贡献contribute...to...把……贡献给……contributeto是……的原因之一；有助于；导致；把时间投入到……Wouldyouliketomakeacontributiontothehospitalbuildingfund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？Hecontributedalotofgoodideastothediscussion.他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。图解助记夯实基础(1)Hisprofoundlearningandsharpeyescontributedtothisnewdiscovery(是这项新发现的原因之一)．(2)同义句改写Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.(用result的短语改写句子)Variousfactorsresultedinhisdownfall.5eq\x(conditionn.状态，状况；环境，境况；条件；疾病)in/under...conditions处于……情况下incondition身体好；状态好outofcondition身体不好；状态不佳onconditionthat...条件是……onnocondition决不ExpertsstronglywarnedthatthelivingconditionsontheMarsareveryhard.专家警告说，火星上的生活环境非常艰苦。 (2013·广东·基础写作)TheMP4isingoodcondition，lookinglikethenewlyboughtone.这台MP4状况良好，就跟新买的一样。 (2012·重庆·书面表达)夯实基础(1)语法填空①Thenearesthotelisingoodcondition.②OnnoconditiondoImakeanapologytohim.(2)Keepyourcaringoodcondition(让你的车处于良好状态)anditwilldrivelong.eq\x(lookafter，bringup，beproudof，inconclusion，beatwar)1．In1920PolandandRussiawerestillatwar.2．Youshouldlearntolookafteryourself.3．Inconclusion，I’dliketothankyouforallyou’vedoneforme.4．Theboy，thoughbroughtupinthecountryside，hasastronginterestinthecolorfulcitylife.5．Shewasveryproudoftheresultsheachieved.1eq\x(beproudof为……感到骄傲takepridein)为……感到骄傲beproudtodosth.为……感到骄傲beproudthat...take/feelprideinasproudasapeacock骄傲如孔雀，非常骄傲Yourachievementsaresomethingtobeproudof.你的成就是值得骄傲的。Shewasproudthatherdaughterhadsomuchtalent.女儿这么有天赋令她喜不自胜。夯实基础一句多译她为能很好地完成一项工作而感到自豪。(1)Sheisproudofdoingajobwell.(beproudof)(2)Shefeels/takesprideindoingajobwell.(feel/takepridein)(3)Sheisproudtobeabletodoajobwell.(beproudtodosth.)(4)Sheisproudthatsheisabletodoajobwell.(beproudthat...)2eq\x(inconclusion总之；最后)arriveat/reach/eto/drawaconclusion得出结论makeaconclusion下结论concludesth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束concludesth.from...从……推断出……toconclude最后Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.总之，全世界的人都应该意识到水短缺的真正形势。 (2010·福建·书面表达)Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？夯实基础语法填空(1)Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying.(2)WhatcanweconcludefromStafford’sresearch?(3)Inconclusion，theauthorssaythatredheadshavenogreaterriskduringsurgerythantherestofthepopulation.1．Thereasonshegave(她给出的)wasnotreasonable.2．ThereasonwhyI’mlateisthat(我迟到的原因是)Imissedthebus.3．Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavevisited(这是我第一次参观)theGreatWall.4．Therewasatimewhen(曾经有那么一段时间)weneverneededtolockourhouseatnight.5．I’mnoricherthanyou(并不比你富有)．1Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。eq\x(句型公式：Itwasatimewhen...)eq\x(atime表示“一段时间”，相当于aperiodoftime，后接when引导的定语从句。,It/This/That/Therewasatimewhen...曾经一度那时)Itwasatimewhenmotorcarswererare.那时汽车是很罕见的。IstillrememberatimewhenIlivedinGermany.我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。夯实基础(1)语法填空TherewasatimewhenIlivedonthefarmhappily.(2)翻译句子①她曾经一度无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。Itwasatimewhenshecouldnotbearthepainandwantedtokillherself.②他那时梦想着做一名宇航员。Itwasatimewhenhedreamedofbeinganastronaut.2Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。eq\x(句型公式：Thereasonwhy...isthat...)reason常用句式：,thereason\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forsth./doingsth.is/wasthat...,why/forwhich...is/wasthat...,that/which＋定语从句＋is/wasthat...)),thereason后是用why或forwhich还是用that或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或forwhich。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tewasthathewasill.他没来的原因是他病了。That’sthereasonwhyshespoke.这就是她讲话的原因。夯实基础语法填空(1)TheonlyreasonwhyIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.(2)Thereasonforthepartyisthatit’sSue’sbirthday.(3)Isthisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(4)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.选词填空eq\x(whom，where，which，when，who)(1)Themediatodaycandrawpublicattentiontosituationswherehelpisactuallyneeded.(2)Thedaysaregonewhenwestudiedtogether，butIcanstillrememberyourlovelyvoice.(3)Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.(4)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(5)Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文ThereweremanygreatphilosophersinancientChina.Confucius,1.whowasbornin551BCanddiedin479BC，wasthe2.greatest(great)philosopher.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.3.HisideasaffectedChinesesocietyforover2,000years.Mencius，bornin372BC，wasastudentofConfucius’sideas.So，histeachingsweresimilarto4.thoseofConfucius.Hebelievedmanwasborngoodand5.thatpeopleweremoreimportantthanrulers.Hewroteabookinhislastyears6.named(name)TheBookofMencius.Mozi，whowasbornin476BCanddiedin390BC，wasalso7.aninfluentialphilosopher.Insomeways，hisideasweresimilartothoseofConfucius.8.Forexample，he9.thought(think)governmentwasthemostimportantthing.Mozibelievedallmenwere10.equal(equally)．DifferingfromConfucius，hestressedtheimportanceofkindness.MozifoundedMohism.Ⅱ.课外拓展——阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式W：1.CanItalktothemanager?M：Yes，I’mthemanager.2.WhatcanIdoforyou?W：I3.saw(see)your“HelpWanted”signinthewindow.Canyoutellmewhatthepositionis?M：Yes.We’re4.looking(look)foradishwasher.W：I’dliketo5.apply.M：Haveyouworkedas6.adishwasherbefore?W：No，Ihaven’t，butI’msureIcouldlearn7.quickly(quick)．M：Hmm.Weneedaperson8.who/thatcanoperatekitchenequipment.W：Well，Ihaven’toperatedkitchenequipmentbefore，butwithalittle9.training(train)，I’msureIcoulddoagoodjob.M：Okay.Here’sanapplicationform.Youcansitoverthere10.andfillitout.W：Thanksverymuch.Ⅰ.阅读理解Farmers，especiallyindevelopingcountries，areoftencriticizedforcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.Researchersusingsatelliteimagesfoundatleasttenpercenttreecoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.Earlierestimatesweremuchlowerbutinplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunderestimatethetrueextentworldwide.ThestudyfoundthemosttreecoverinSouthAmerica.NextesAfricasouthoftheSahara，followedbySoutheastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheThestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplaintheamountoftreecoverindifferentareas.Norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations，meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople，andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights，marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.DennisGarrity，whoheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter，saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Theproblem，hesays，isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.Thesatelliteimagesmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor，buttreesprovidenuts，fruit，woodandotherproducts.Theyprovidewindbreaksandshadefromthesun.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought(干旱)conditions，treescanoftenprovidefoodandawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.Sometreesactasnaturalfertilizers.Theytakenitrogen(氮气)outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanreducetheneedforchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree­fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide，agaslinkedtoclimatechange.1．Throughthestudy，theresearchersfoundthat.A．therearemoretreesonfarmlandsthanexpectedB．fewertreesarebeingcutindevelopingcountriesC．mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftreesD．treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange答案A解析推理判断题。根据前两段可推知，该研究发现，农田的林木覆盖率超过了人们的预期。2．Whichofthefollowinghastheleasttreecover?A．SoutheastB．WestC．SouthD．AfricasouthoftheSahara.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，南美地区林木覆盖率最高，其次是撒哈拉以南的非洲，随后是东南亚，而北非和西亚地区林木覆盖率最低。3．InDennisGarrity’sopinion，.A．mostfarmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterestsB．thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtreesC．governmentplaysasmallroleintreeplantingandprotectionD．governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段可知，DennisGarrity认为农民们正在自发保护和种植树木，而问题出在政策制定者和计划者身上，他们在认识和支持这些努力方面比较滞后。因此，DennisGarrity认为政府应当对农民植树和保护树木的积极性给予支持和保护。4．Thesixthparagraphmainlytellsabout.A．howfarmersplanttreesB．whatproductstreescanbringC．theimportanceoftreestofarmersD．theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover答案C解析段落大意题。本段主要强调了树木的经济和生态价值——可以给农民带来收益的同时，又可以防风、避阳、保持水土，这些都是树木对农民的重要性。Ⅱ.阅读填空1Peopleusemoneytobuyfood，furniture，books，bicyclesandhundredsofotherthingstheyneedorwant.Whentheywork，theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalorpaper.2Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.Shellswerenottheonlythingsusedasmoney.InChina，clothandkniveswereused.InthePhilippineIslands，ricewasusedasmonkeyforalongtime.Elephanttusks，monkeytails，andsaltwereusedasmoneyinpartsofAfrica.ThefirstmetalcoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecenter.3Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.4.SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.Latersomecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver.Butevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensive.AgaintheChinesethoughtofawaytoimprovemoney.5Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtoday.Moneyhashadaninterestinghistoryfromthedaysofshellmoneyuntiltoday.A．ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin(锡)．B．Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.C．Nooneknowsforcertainwhenpeoplebegantousemoney.D．Peoplestrung(串联)themtighterandcarriedthemfromplacetoplace.E．Money，asweknow，isallmadeofpaper.F．Theybegantousepapermoney.G．Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgoodsandservices.答案1.G2.B3.D4.A5.FⅢ.语法填空Inmostcities,1.richorpoor，itisthelesswelloffthataremostatriskfromfloodsandnaturaldisasters.ItwasthepoorofNewOrleans，nearlya2.third(three)ofthepopulation，wholivedinthelowest­lyingpartsofthecityand3.suffered(suffer)mostfromKatrina’s(卡特里娜飓风)wrath(愤怒).4.Similarly(similar)，itwastheurbanpoorofHonduras(洪都拉斯)anditsneighborswhowerestruckhardest5.byHurricaneMitchin1998.Anditisthepeopleoftheslums(贫民窟)morewidelyinLatinAmerica6.that/whoaremostcapableofbeingattacked.Insomeplaces，toolittlewater，nottoomuch，istheproblem.China’sthirstforindustryand7.irrigation(irrigate)hasbinedwithclimatechangetodraintheaquifers(蓄水层)．DroughtsseemtobeevermorefrequentinnorthernChina，andsoutherncitiessuchasGuangzhouarealsoaffected.Riversaredryingup：theYellowRivernowflowstotheseaforonly8.afewweeksayear.Andtherain，whenites，isintenselyacid.Tomakematters9.worse(