2015届高中英语外研版（通用）【配套WORD文档】Book 4 Module 3

重点单词1.aggressive/ə′ɡresIv/adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的2.deal/diːl/n．协议；交易3．involve/In′vɒlv/vt.包括；牵扯；卷入；与……有关4.spread/spred/vi.张开；蔓延；扩散；传播5．stare/steə/vi.凝视；盯着看6.panic/′pænIk/v．&n．恐慌；惊慌7．request/rI′kwest/n．请求；要求8.favour/′feIvə/n．恩惠；善意的行为9．slightly/′slaItli/adv.轻微地；稍微10.live/laIv/adj.现场的；活着的；有生气的11．vary/′veəri/vi.变化→variousadj.各种各样的→varietyn．种类12．formal/′fɔːml/adj.正式的→formallyadv.正式地→informaladj.(反义词)非正式的13．infectious/In′fekʃəs/adj.有感染性的→infectv．传染，感染→infectionn．传染，感染14．judgement/′dʒʌdʒmənt/n．判断；意见→judgev．判断15．unconscious/ʌn′kɒnʃəs/adj.无意的；不知不觉的→consciousadj.(反义词)有意的；有意识的16．municate/kə′mjuːnIˌkeIt/vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→municationn．交流；沟通17．traditionally/trə′dIʃnəli/adv.传统地→traditionaladj.传统的→traditionn．传统18．threatening/′θretnIŋ/adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threatenv．威胁→threatn．威胁19．performance/pə′fɔːməns/n．表演→performv．表演；运行；表现重点短语1.onguard(保持)警惕2.makeadeal达成协议；做成交易3．liftup举起4.giveaway暴露(自己的情况)5．byaccident偶然地6.upanddown一上一下地7．sayhelloto向……问好8.switchon打开(灯、无线电等)9．holdup举起；延迟；阻碍经典句型1.WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.入乡随俗。2．Indeed，bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．事实上，身体的姿势是我们称之为“身势语”的一部分。3．Butwedon’tclapattheendofatelevisionprogrammeorabook，howevergoodtheyare.但是，在一个电视节目或一本书结束时，无论它们多么精彩我们都不鼓掌。4．InFranceyoushouldshakehandseverytimeyousayhelloandgoodbye.在法国，每当你打招呼或告别时都应该(和别人)握手。5．Ifyouhaveameal，don’tstarteatingbeforeeveryoneelseisserved.假如你在吃饭，在别人的饭菜端上来之前不要开始吃。语境记忆Anexcellentsalespersonisrequestedtobeaggressiveandgoodatmunicatingwithotherpeopleintoday’spetitivesociety.munication，whichinvolvesvariousinteractions，helpstoimprovetherelationship.Heneedstohavegoodjudgementandbeusedtodealingwithallkindsofpeoplewhetheronformalorinformaloccasions.Areyouinfavourofme？构词记忆eq\x(­ure/­ture/­ature)architecture/′ɑːkItektʃə/n．[U]建筑学；建筑式样；建筑风格creature/′kriːtʃə/n．[C]1.创造物；产物2.生物；动物departure/dI′pɑːtʃə/n．[C]&[U]启程；离开；出发literature/′lItərətʃə/n．[C]&[U]1.文学2.文献；图书资料signature/′sIɡnətʃə/n．[C]&[U]署名；签名1．Englishcanhelpmunicate(交流)withpeopleandmakethestayinaforeigncountryeasyandfortable.2．Althoughwewereverybusy，weacceptedtheinvitation(邀请)tothewedding.3．Theblackpeoplearestillstrugglingfortrueequality(平等)withthewhites.4．Therewasawomanlyingunconscious(昏迷不醒的)onthefloor.5．Idon’tmeantoberude(粗鲁的)，butcouldyoutellyourchildrentokeepquiet?6．Shegotintoapanic(惊慌)whenshecouldn’tfindtheticket.7．Trainingastronautstakesalongtimeandinvolves(包括)variouscourses.8．Thepriceofthistypeofputervaries(变化)indifferentshops.9．Yesterdaytherewasalive(实况的)footballmatchonCCTV5.10．Theleadersofthetwocountrieswillbeonaninformal(非正式的)visittoourcountry.1eq\x(municatev.交流；沟通；通讯；联络；传达)municatesth.tosb.向某人传达……municatewithsb.和某人交流municationn.交流；沟通inmunicationwith和……有联络Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldmunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.不是相互责备，我们应该多交流，换位思考。 (2012·江苏·书面表达)Theysuccessfullymunicatetheirknowledgetoothers.他们成功地把知识传授给他人。特别提醒municate不能跟双宾语，若要表示将某情况传达给某人，通常用municatesth.tosb.。夯实基础(1)语法填空 ①Wewereinmunicationwitheachother.②Theresultswillbemunicatedtoparents.(2)完成句子①Theymunicatedinsignlanguage(用手势语交流)．②Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtomunicatefreelywitheachother(这种氛围允许他们相互自由交流)．2eq\x(varyvi.变化；相异；不同differ)varyfrom...to...由……到……不等varywith随……变化varyin在……方面变化avarietyof＝varietiesof各种各样的variousadj.各种各样的；不同的Inourschool，therearevariouskindsofactivities，forexample，artsandsports.在我们里有各种各样的活动，例如艺术和体育。 (2011·四川·书面表达)Hismoodseemstovaryaccordingtotheweather.他的情绪似乎随天气的变化而变化。特别提醒(1)avarietyof/varietiesof后接可数名词作主语时，该名词用复数形式，其谓语动词用复数形式。(2)thevarietyof＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。夯实基础(1)语法填空①Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.②Andtheanswermustvarywiththesepresumedcircumstances.③Thegoodsinthesupermarketvaryinsize，colorandprice.(2)Therearevariousflowers(有各种各样的花)andtreesshownintheparkandmanypeoplegotohavealook.3eq\x(dealv.处理；相处；n.协议；交易；大量)dealwith处理；对付；安排；涉及，论及；和某人做生意；解决dealin经营；交易agreatdealof许多；大量It’sadeal.成交；就这么定了。Ibenefitagreatdealfromreading.我从阅读中受益颇多。 (2012·江西·书面表达)Asachild，heneverlefthisparents，sohedidn’tgetusedtodealingwitheverythinginschoolindependently.从孩子起，他就没离开过父母，因此他不习惯独自处理的一切事情。(2011·广东·读写任务)特别提醒dealwith常与疑问词how连用；dowith常与what连用。夯实基础(1)用dealwith的适当形式填空①Thisbookdealswithanimportantsubject.②It’sabookdealingwithlifeintheUnited(2)Idon’tknowhowtodealwith/whattodowithsuchasituation(如何处理这样的情况)．4eq\x(involvev.包含；需要；牵涉；涉及；使参加卷入……)be/getinvolvedin卷入；专注于involve...in...使卷入；使专注于……be/getinvolvedwithsb.迷上了某人involvedoing...包含做……involvedadj.复杂的；混乱的Runningakitcheninvolvesagreatdealofdisciplineandspeed.料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得规规矩矩，且要讲求速度。Iftherewasacover­up，itinvolvedpeopleattheveryhighestlevelsofgovernment.如果有人想要隐瞒实情，那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。特别提醒involved作前置定语和后置定语时的意义是不同的：theprobleminvolved所涉及的问题theinvolvedproblem复杂的问题夯实基础(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①Thereareasmallnumberofpeopleinvolved(involve)，possiblyasfewastwenty.②Thetestwillinvolveanswering(answer)questionsaboutaphotograph.(2)Puttinginanewwindowwillinvolvecuttingaway(就需要截去)partoftheroof.5eq\x(starevi.盯着看；凝视)stareat凝视；盯着……看glareat怒目而视glanceat看一眼，瞥一眼ataglance一眼，立刻atfirstglance乍一看Istaredblanklyatthepaperinfrontofme.我茫然地看着面前这张纸。Theoldgentlemanjuststoodthereglaringatthepickpocket.这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视。夯实基础(1)Sheissoafraidofthebigdogthatshestaresatit(以致于她睁大眼睛看着它)withoutmovingalittle.(2)Foralongtime，shesatthere，staringintothesky(凝视着天空)．6eq\x(panicpanicked，panickedn.&v.恐慌；惊慌)beinapanic处在恐慌中getintoapanic陷入恐慌inpanic惊慌失措地panicodoingsth.使某人惊慌地做某事IgotintoapanicwhenIsawsmokeingoutofthekitchen.看到厨房冒烟，我顿时惊慌失措。Sherefusedtobepanickedintoahastymarriage.她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。夯实基础语法填空(1)I’minapanicaboutgettingeverythingdoneintime.(2)Shoppersarepanickedintobuyingthingstheydon’tneed.(3)Thecrowdranoutinpanic.7eq\x(requestvt.&n.要求；请求ask；askfor)requestsb.todo...请求某人做某事requeststh.from/ofsb.向某人要求某物requestthat...shoulddo...要求……atone’srequest＝attherequestofsb.应某人的要求Shehadrequestedthatthedoortoherroombeleftopen.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。特别提醒动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。夯实基础(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Youarerequestednottosmoke(not，smoke)intherestaurant.②Wespeciallyrequestedthatyou(should)beinformed(inform)．③Therequestisthatmanuscripts(should)bewritten(write)ononesideonly.(2)I’msorrythatIcannotacceptyourrequesttoattendyourbirthdayparty，Linda，becauseI’mrequiredtoanswer(要求我回复)allthecustomers’letterstonightbymyboss.8eq\x(favourn.帮助；好事；恩惠；赞同；偏爱；v.较喜欢；选择；优惠)askafavourofsb.求人帮一个忙doafavourforsb.＝dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙infavourof赞成，主张inone’sfavour对某人有利outoffavour失宠的；不流行的Also，I’dlikeyoutodomeafavour.而且，我想让你帮我一个忙。(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ·书面表达)Theexchangerateisinourfavourforthetimebeing.汇率暂时对我们有利。夯实基础(1)Fortunately，thesituationisinourfavour(形势对我们有利)atthemoment，soweare(sitting)ontopoftheworld.(2)Washeinfavouroforagainsttheplan(支持还是反对这个计划)?(3)Youarereallyverykind.I’llneverforgetthefavouryouhavedoneforme(你给我的帮助)．eq\x(holdup，giveaway，makeadealwith，byaccident，onguard)1．I’llmakeadealwithyou—youwashthecarformeandI’llletyouuseittonight.2．Whiledangerthreatens，wemustallbeonguard.3．Itwassupposedtobeasurprisebutthechildrengavetheplanaway.4．Imethimbyaccidentatthebusstop.5．Wewerehelduponourwaytotheairportinatrafficjam.1eq\x(holdup支撑起support；承受住；阻碍，阻滞block；延迟delay；举起raise)holdout食物等维持；伸出；坚持；抱有希望等,holddown抑制；使保持低水平holdover搁置；推迟She’sheldupwellunderthepressure.她承受住了压力。Willthewatersupplyholdoutthroughthesummer?供水能维持整个夏天吗？夯实基础(1)用hold的相关短语填空①Theroofisheldupbywood.②Doctorsholdoutlittlehopeofherrecovering.③Thegovernmenttookaseriesofmeasurestoholddownprices.(2)Whatapity！Imissedmeetingmybossattheairportbecausemycarwasheldup(被阻滞了)inthetrafficjam.2eq\x(byaccident偶然；无意中；不小心)bychance偶然；意外bynomeans绝不bymistake由于差错bydesign故意地bymeansof凭借；通过bythehour按小时byweight按重量Andtheycameacrossitbyaccident.他们也是偶然才发现这一点的。夯实基础用含有by的短语填空(1)Thisdoesn’thappenbyaccident；ithappensbydesign.(2)Hesucceededbymeansofperseverance.(3)Bynomeanswillthismethodproducesatisfactoryresults.(4)Byignorancewemistake，andbymistakeswelearn1．ThisiswhattheycallSalt这就是他们称之为盐湖城的地方。2．Hefellasleepwhile(hewas)doinghishomework.他在做作业时睡着了。3．Hisfatherwillscoldhimeverytimehedoessomethingwrong.每次他做错事，父亲都要责骂他。4．Theguideleadingtheway，wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。5．Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.他被告诉至少三个月之后他才能康复回去工作。eq\x(WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.入乡随俗。)eq\x(句型公式：省略主语和be动词的状语从句)在when，while，if，asif，evenif/though，though，although，until，once，unless等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句中的主语一致或从句的主语是it，谓语动词含有be动词时，常省略从句中的主语和be动词。Ifso，pleaserespondtomeasquicklyaspossible.如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。 (2012·重庆·书面表达)Ihaveprovedthatfriendshipcanhelpwhileinadifferentcountry.我已经证明当你处在一个不同的国家时，友谊会对你有所帮助。夯实基础(1)把下列句中的斜体部分补充完整①Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise，ifcarriedoutregularly，canimproveourhealth.iftheyarecarriedoutregularly②Everyeveningafterdinner，ifnottiredfromwork，Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.ifIamnottiredfromwork③Someofyoumayhavefinishedunitone.Ifso，youcangoontounittwo.ifitisso(2)Althoughsmall(尽管很小)，thepanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.选词填空eq\x(if，unless，aslongas，nomatterhow，whatever)(1)Ifyouwanttogetajobasaprofessorinawell­knownuniversity，aPHDdegreeisneeded.(2)We’llhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayunlessitrainsorit’sverycold.(3)—Doyouhaveaminute？I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.—OK，aslongasyoumakeitshort.(4)Hekeepstakingphysicaltraininginwinternomatterhowcolditis.(5)Whateverworkwedo，weshoulddoourbest.Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文Wordsandsentencesareimportantinmunication,1.butwemunicatewithnotonlyspokenand2.written(write)words，butalsobodylanguage.Bodylanguagevaries3.fromculturetoculture.Everyculturehasdevelopedaformalwaytogreetstrangerstoshowthemtheyarenotaggressive.4.Traditionally(traditional)，EuropeansandAmericansshakehands,5.whichmeanstheytrusteachother.Greetingsaredifferentaround6.theworld.TraditionallyinChina，weputtherighthandovertheleftandbowslightly.Muslimsgivea“salaam”，7.wheretheytouchtheirheart，mouthandforehead.Hindusjointheirhands8.andbowtheirheadsinrespect.Today，peoplestillusetheirhandsininformalgreetings，whichalsomeanstrust.Americanyouthsoftengreet9.eachotherwiththeexpression，“Givemefive！”Bodylanguagecanconvey10.more(much)informationthanwords，sopeopleeasilygivethemselvesawaybytheirgestures.Ⅱ.课外拓展——阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercansetupawarmconversation1.betweentwopeoplefarapart(远离的);itcankeepa2.friendship(friend)withverylittleeffort.AfewyearsagomyolderbrotherandIwerenotgettingalong.Ourmeetingswerenot3.pleasant(pleasure);ourconversationwasfilledwithargumentsandquarrels;andeveryefforttocleartheairseemedtoonly4.deepen(deep)ourmisunderstanding.Thenhemovedtoasmallislandandwelosttouch.Onedayhewrotemealetter.Hedescribedhisislandand5.itspeople，toldmewhathewasdoingandencouragedmetowrite.Rereadingtheletter，I6.wasdriven(drive)byitshumorandcleverexpressions.Ihadneverknownhecouldwritesowell.Andwiththatoneletterwebecamefriendsagain.7．Itmightneverhaveoccurredtomybrothertowritemeifhehadnotbeeninaplace8.wheretherewerenophones.Writingturnedouttobethebestwayforustogetbackintouch.Becausewelivein9.anageofeasymunication，peopleoftenforgetthattheydon’talwayshavetophone10.ore­mail.Ⅰ.阅读理解“Ican’tfindmysunglassesinbroaddaylight，butIcanfindthesnoozebutton(止闹按钮)onmyalarm，evenifitisameterawaywithbotheyesclosed，heavywithsleep.”ThisistheclosinglineofanarticleIreadonsleeprecently.ThemomentIreadit，itremindedmealmosteverybodylongsforthoseextrafewmomentsofsleepeveryday.However，the“Iamverysleepy”phasereachesitspeakduringone’steenage.Teensareoftenbadlyblamedforstayinguplateandfallingasleepinclass.TheonethingthatIwillneverforgetaboutmyschooldaysisthelackofsleep.Becauseofassignments，wehardlyusedtoget5～6hourseverydaysoonceortwiceamonthweusedtotakeadayoffjusttosleep.ThoughIneverfellasleepduringclassIusedtofeeltiredallthetime.Onceaclassmatefellasleepasshewassittinganddraftingpatterns.Anotherclassmateoncefellasleepwhileshestoppedhercaratasignalandwokeuponlywheneverybodywashonkingaroundher.Itisafactthatteensandyoungadultsrequirearound9.5hoursofsleeppernight.Duringtheteenyears，thebody’sinternalbiologicalclockistemporarilyreset，tellingapersontofallasleeplaterandwakeuplater.Thoughthisseemslikeavalid(正当的)excuse，itisnotatalluseable.Forteenyearsareusuallyourbusiestyearscoincidingwithboardexams，culturalandsportactivities，andcollegeadmissions.Evenwhenwefeelirritated，wehavetogetupandbeoutthere.Recently，someresearchershavesuggestedmiddleschoolclassesbeginlaterinthemorningtomeetteens’needformoresleep.Ofcoursethat’snotgoingtohappensoon，sowe’dhavetomakeourownadjustmentstoavoidsleeploss.Ifyoucan’tsleepatnight，myadvicewouldbetoreadaboringbookorasubjectbookthatyoufindlessinterestingsoyouwouldbeasleepinnotime.1．Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto.A．tellusaboutteenagers’lossofsleepB．showushowtodealwithlossofsleepC．warnusoftheharmofsleepingtoomuchD．tellushowtogetenoughsleepatnight答案A解析写作目的题。文章首先指出青少年时期最容易犯困，接着下文给出了青少年时期容易犯困的原因。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们青少年缺乏睡眠的情况。2．Accordingtothepassage，whatresultsinthestudents’lackofsleep?A．Badsleepingenvironment.B．Havingdreamsatnight.C．Stayingupverylate.D．Readinglateintothenight.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，繁重的作业让青少年缺少睡眠，也就是说，过多的作业让青少年睡得晚；根据第四段第二句可知，在青少年时期，生物钟会暂时重置，从而使青少年睡得晚。由此可知，青少年很晚才睡导致他们睡眠不足，故选C项。3．Forthosewithsleepproblems，theauthorsuggeststhey.A．gotobedearlierB．takefewerexaminationsC．getupabitlaterD．readboringbooksinbed答案D解析细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，作者对于晚上睡不着觉提出的调整建议是：睡觉前看枯燥的书来催眠。4．Thevalidexcusestudentsgivefortheirsleepinclassis.A．thattheyhavealotofexamstoprepareforB．theirneedof9.5hoursofsleeppernightC．thatthebiologicalclockistemporarilyresetD．thattheyfeelverytiredasaresultofmuchhomework答案C解析推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知，青少年身体内的生物钟被临时重置，这让他们睡得晚，醒得迟。第五段第一句中的this指的便是第四段第二句讲的生物钟被临时重置这件事。由此可以推知，学生对上课睡觉给出的充分理由是：生物钟被临时重置。Ⅱ.阅读填空1Butsciencemayhavejustprovedthemright—becausebeautifulwomenaremorelikelytohavedaughtersthantheirplainercounterparts，accordingtoastudy.Asparentstendtopassongenesthatdeterminelooks，thiscouldresultinhandsomemenbeingratherthinontheground.2Forexample，YasminLeBonissignedtothesamemodellingagencyasdaughterAmber，andJerryHall’sdaughtersElizabethandGeorgiaJaggerhavebothtakentothecatwalk.DrSatoshiKanazawa，oftheLondonSchoolofEconomics，analyseddatafromasurveyof17,000babiesborninBritaininMarch1958andtrackedthemthroughouttheirlives.3Whentheyreached45，theywereaskedaboutthegenderofanychildrentheyhad.Thoseratedasattractivewereequallylikelytohaveasonordaughterastheirfirstchildbuttheunattractivesortsweremorelikelytohaveason.4DrKanazawabelievesthatparentstendtoproducechildrenwhobenefitfromtheirownfeatures.5Soitpaysforattractivewomentohavedaughters.Butcouplesblessedwithstrengthandaggressionratherthanlooksarebetteroffhavingboys，asthesecharacteristicsareofmoreusetomales.A．Womenarebeingmorebeautifuloverthegenerationsbecauseattractivewomenhavemorechildrenthanplainones.B．Singlegirlshavealwaysplainedthatgood­lookingmenaredifficulttofind.C．Beautyisofmorebenefittoawomanthanaman.D．Attheageofseven，theirattractivenesswasratedbytheirteachers.E．Putanotherway，thebeautifulwomenweremorelikelytohavedaughters.F．Anditmayalsoexplainwhymanymodelshavedaughterswhofollowintheirfascinatingfootsteps.G．Famouslygood­lookingparentslikeTomCruiseandKatieHolmesaremorelikelytohavegirlsthanugliercouples.答案1.B2.F3.D4.E5.CⅢ.语法填空Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolledinauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Longbeforetheygraduate1.fromhighschool，thesestudentstakespecialcoursestoprepareforadvancedstudy.Theymayalsotakeoneormoreexaminationsthattest2.howwellpreparedtheyarefortheuniversity.Inthefinalyearofhighschool，theyplete3.applications(apply)andsendthem，withtheirstudentrecords，totheuniversities4.which/thattheyhopetoenter.Somehighschoolstudentsmayberequiredtohaveaninterview5.withpeoplefromtheuniversity.Neatlydressedandusuallyveryfrightened，theyaredeterminedtoshowthattheyhaveagoodattitudeandtheabilitytosucceed.Afterthenewstudents6.areaccepted(accept)，manycollegesanduniversitiesoffer7.aninstructionprogramforthemtogettoknowtheproceduresforregistrationand