读后续写专题如何确定主要人物课件-高考英语作文复习专项

人物是记叙文中最重要的元素。人物是故事的灵魂和推动力。人物在记叙文中至少发挥着以下两方面的重要作用：1.推动情节发展：人物的行动和决策会影响故事情节的发展，他们的目标、意愿、行为和冲突都是故事发展的推动力。2.塑造故事主题：人物的性格、背景和动机，以及他们之间的关系和互动，都能够深入地探索故事的主题，使其更加丰富和有深度。新高考大作文读后续写的第一步是阅读文本(记叙文为主)。考生续写部分能否写好和阅读过程中是否获取了重要信息有着密切的关联。在阅读文本环节，考生要做的最重要的一件事情是：确定主要人物。通常，一篇新高考读后续写的阅读文本中会包括多个人物。考生如果不能及时确定主要人物的话，在续写过程中就没法做到重点突出主线明确。考生该如何快速确定阅读文本中的主要人物呢？

1.人物出现频率:

主要人物通常在故事中出现频率较高。2.人物行动和决策:

主要人物在故事中有较强行动力和决策权。3.人物性格描写篇幅:

主要人物在原文中会得到较多性格描写。4.角色影响故事主题:

主要人物在故事中的角色和性格与故事的主题密切相关阅读下面材料，根据内容及其段落开头语续写两段，使之成为完整的短文。续写字数应在150左右。MyhusbandandIenjoyseeinglifethroughtheeyesofourchildren.It'samazingtowatchastheydiscovertheirworld.Whilewewereoutdoorslastsummerenjoyingthesunshine,ouroldestdaughter,Kaytlin,calledmetothedoorway.Beneaththestepswasababyredsquirrel.Wewatcheditfromadistance,notwantingtodisturbitorscareoffitsmother.Butafteralongwait—andlookingallaroundourhouseforsignsofanestoramother—werealizedthetinysquirrelwaslost.Shakingterribly,hewasweak,thin,andhungry.Wetriedtofindanexperttohelp,buttheInlandFisheriesandWildlifewebsiteshowedthattherewerenowildlifeexpertsinourarea.Aftersomequickresearch,weconcludedthatthebestwaytogivethesquirrelafightingchancewastocareforhimourselves.Soatriptothelocalstoreformilkandsupplieswasinorder.Moreresearchtaughtushowmuchtofeedhim,howtoestimatehisage,howandwhentowean(断奶)him,andthatweshouldlethimgoassoonashecouldsurviveonhisown.OurdaughtersandItookturnsinfeeding“Squirt.”Kaytlintookonthemostresponsibility.She

taughthimtoeatfromabottle,andshewokeinthenightforhisfeeds.Toourrelief,Squirtsoonbecamehealthyandstrong.Withinafewweekshebecamemoreactive.文章讲述了作者（一位母亲）和她丈夫一起见证他们的大女儿Kaytlin援救一只虚弱无助的小松鼠并在几周之后把它送归自然界的故事。这篇记叙文内容清晰易懂，人物关系简单。对于多数考生而言，快速读懂文章不是难事。在此，我们想提醒大家注意的是：快速确定主要人物。从人物出现频率(3次)以及人物行动和决策(Kaytlin发现和主要照料小松鼠)的角度考虑，作者的大女儿Kaytlin就是主要人物之一。相比之下，文中的其他人物：作者的丈夫、作者的其他孩子(女儿)都只得到略微的描写，属于次要人物。对于次要人物，考生在续写部分可以一笔带过(比如：通过让次要人物出镜，但没有太多实际戏份的方式带过)。当然，阅读文本故事的主题是营救和帮助小松鼠重归山野。小松鼠Squirt必然也是主要角色。因此，在续写部分，考生应该从作者(Kaytlin的母亲)的视角，以Kaytlin和Squirt为主要角色，接着讲述故事。Myschoolhadatraditionduringtheninth-gradegraduation:abeautifulgoldandgreenjacket（theschoolcolors）,wasawardedtothestudentwhohadmaintainedthehighestgradesfornineyears.IhadbeenastraightA,studentsincethefirstgradeandhadlookedforwardsverymuchtoowningthatjacket.Myfatherwasafarmlaborerwhocouldn’tearnenoughmoneytofeedfivechildren.Iwasgiventomygrandparentstoraise.Therewouldneverbeaschoolsportsjacketforus.Thisscholarshipjacketwasmyonlychance.OnedayinMay,Ihappenedtooverhearintheoffice.Mr.Schmidt，myhistoryteacher，andMr.Boone,mymathteacherarguingaboutme.“Irefusetodoit！Idon'tcarewhoherfatheris；hergradescan’tmatchMartha’satall.Iwon’tlieorfalsify（伪造）records.”saidMr.Schmidtangrily.Paragraph1BythetimeIgothome,myeyeswereredandswollen.Ifoundmygrandpainthebeanfield.Paragraph2Idraggedintotheprincipal’sofficethenextday,sadanddisappointed.Paragraph1BythetimeIgothome,myeyeswereredandswollen.Ifoundmygrandpainthebeanfield.

Sensingsomethingwrong,heaskedmewhathappenedwithgreatconcern.

Imurmuredtheprincipal’swords,asurgeofregretgnawingatmyheart.Ireallyhatedtoseemygray-hairedGrandpa’sdisappointment.Grandpa’seyesroundedindisbelief.

Timetickingby,heheavedalongsigh,“Mychild,anawardboughtcan’tbecalledanaward.”

Inoddedunderstandingly.ButwhoknewhowreluctantandbitterIwas?Paragraph2Idraggedintotheprincipal’sofficethenextday,sadanddisappointed.

Myheadstillliftedwithdignity,Itriedtofightbackthetears,stammering,“Icannot…affordthejacket,sir.”

Staringintomyeyes,theprincipalsuddenlygrinned,“Ihavegoodnewsforyou.”Ilookedathiminconfusion.“Theboarddecidedthatanawardcannotbeboughtjustforthesakeofwinners’dignity.”Hiseyesbrimmedwithsmiles.IpinchedmyhandonlytofindIwasnotdreaming.OnlyatthatmomentdidIbelievethatMr.Schmidtandmygrandpawereright:nevercanawardsbefalsifiedorbought.(162words)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。“Wanted:

Violin.Can’tpaymuch.Contact…”Irarelyreadtheclassified

advertisements,

sowhydidInoticethatone?Ilaidthepaperonmylapandclosedmyeyes,rememberingwhathadhappenedmanyyearsbefore,duringtheGreatDepressionwhenmyfamilystruggledtomakealivingonourfarm.I,too,hadwantedaviolin.Whenmyolder

twin

sistersbeganshowinganinterestin

music,

HarrietAnnelearnedtoplayGrandma’spiano,whileSuzanneturnedto

Daddy’sviolin.Simpletunesbecamelovelymelodies.Mybabybrotherdanced;

Daddy

hummedandMotherwhistled.Ijustlistened.Whenmyarmsgrewlongenough,ItriedtoplaySuzanne’sviolin.Oh,howIwantedone!ButIknewitwasoutofthequestion.Oneeveningasthetwinsplayedintheschool

orchestra.

Iclosedmyeyestighttocapturethepicturefirmlyinmymind.Someday,I’llsitupthere,Ivowedsilently.Itwasnotagoodyear.Atharvestthecropsdidn’tbringasmuchaswehadhoped.Yeteventhoughtimeswere

hard,Icouldn’twaitanylongertoask,“Daddy,mayIhaveaviolinofmyown?”“Can’tyouuseSuzanne’s?”“I’dliketobeintheorchestratoo,andwecan’tbothusethesameviolinatthesametime.”Daddy’sfacelookedsad.Thatnight,andmanyfollowingnights,IheardhimremindGodinourfamily

prayers,

“…andLord,MaryLouwantsherownviolin.”Oneeveningweallsatroundthetable.ThetwinsandIstudied.MothersewedandDaddywrotealettertohisfriend,GeorgeFinkle,inColumbus,Ohio.MrFinkle,Daddysaid,wasafineviolinist.WhenDaddyreceivedaletterfromColumbusafewweekslater,heaskedme,“MaryLou,doyouwanttogowithmeto

visit

MrFinkle?”HedroveustoColumbusandwecametoafine,oldhouse.Atallmanopenedthedoor.HeandDaddyheartilyshookhands,bothtalkingatonce.“MaryLou,I’vebeenhearingthingsaboutyou.YourDaddyhasarrangeda

surprise

foryou!”Hepickedupacase,openedit,liftedoutaviolinandstartedtoplay.Themelodysurgedandspokelikewaterfalls.Oh,toplaylikehim,Ithought.Finishingthepiece,heturnedtoDaddy.“Ifounditinapawnshop（当铺）for

sevendollars.

It’sagoodviolin.MaryLoushouldbeabletomakeabeautifulmusicwithit.”Thenhehandedtheviolintome.翻译练习1：当看到那只凶恶的狼时，我感到很害怕。1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述，先将意思表达清楚。2、请你在此概括描述的基础上增加细节描述，注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理。参考答案：

1.Atthesightofthefiercewolf,Ifeltveryscared.

2.

1）Atthesightofthefiercewolf,Ifeltsoscaredthat

mythroattightenedandmykneesfelt

weak.

(嗓子发紧，膝盖发软)

2）Atthesightofthefiercewolf,I

frozewithterror,tooscaredtomoveaninch.(吓呆了，不敢动弹)

3）Atthesightofthefiercewolf,I

wasseizedbyastrongsenseofhorrorandmypalmsweresweating.

(被深深地恐惧感所控制，手心出汗)

对话

(dialogue)

是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话。它可以用来揭示人物的性格和个性，它也可以用来推动情节向前发展，并展示情节发展的过程。我们需要用各种细节将主题编织进故事之中，让其不时地闪现，以展示故事的全部内涵。对话无疑是一种可以让全部内容显现出来的元素。人物在交谈、细语、呼喊、低吼、抱怨、讥讽、哀叹，而读者在倾听。相较于用枯燥的、阐释性的长篇大论去传达主题，对话这种方式不仅更快捷有效，而且更能激起读者的情感。对话描写需遵循以下原则：（一）真实情感在对人物进行对话描写时,

真情实感是贴切人物的最好表达,

尽量避免过于“高大上”或“假大空”,

脱离人物的真实身份。如:“Youhavehadasoundsleep!”

theoldladyshouted.

“It’stimetoopenyoureyes!We’reinariskysituationandwewillhaveabigdealtomake!”不难发现作者对老妇人的真情实感的描写,

体现了老妇人急迫的个性和对生活的不顺心而大发脾气的妇女形象。同时,

结合三个感叹句,更好地体现了老妇人的急躁的心理。由此,

读者也能够通过该对话,

体会到语言的美感。（二）描写比重在对人物冲突中的具体的对话描写,

要注意在文中段落中的比重问题,

切忌以全对话或大部分对话代替其他细节描写,

要恰到好处，例如:“Inthegarden?”Samaskednervously.“IactuallyhavegivenallIhavetoyou!So,pleasedonothurtmeorkillme,Ibegyou!”Jessicaalsotoldthethief,“Doyouwantallourbelongings?Theyareallinourbedroom.Iwillleadyoutogetthem.Ofcourse,wearerichandwehavealotofmoney.Allwillbegiventoyouifyoudonothurtorkillus,please,please!”Thethiefsaid,“Ofcourse.Iwillnotkillyoutoo!OK.Youaresogood.IwillnotkillyouifIgetthis.Givealltomenow!”Justatthattime,therewasaknockatthedoorandthepolicecametothedoor.从上一段的描写中我们不难发现,

几乎全段都是对话语言描写,

而且话语多次重复和啰嗦,

难以很好地表达主人公的内心情感,

也难以让读者体会到英语语言的美。所以,

在续写过程中,一定要读透文本,

理解文本中的语言特色,

保持语言的简洁性和一致性。（三）展现转变从故事的开头至结尾，我们笔下的人物应该一直在发生改变，至少是微妙的改变。我们创作小说的原因之一便是展现人物如何变得更好或者更坏。要创作出一个颇具改造性的场景、使人物发生永久的改变并且令读者意识到这一点，我认为这并不是一件轻而易举的事情。要完成这件事，我们笔下的人物必须说出更多意味深长的话语。“Iguessthisisit,"hesaid.

“I’llseeyoubackhomeinamonth,

okay?”“Theboy’smotherturnedtothedog,

“Okay,

Poppy,

timetogobackhome.”这里的两个对话,一个是小主人和小狗说再见,一个是女主人带小狗回家，都显示了这家主人对小狗的喜爱，完全把她当作家庭一员来对待。通过这两个对话，我们可推断,

小狗只知道自己和小主人再见了,

却不知道小主人一个月之后会回来的,

所以才有下文的闷闷不乐。而其