四级英语阅读理解20篇

北大曹其军老师英语阅读理解20篇阅读理解单项练习Passage1In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadriveinrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecue（烤肉）restaurant.,thenanotherdrivein.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdriveinbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theselfservicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshakemixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers’fastfoodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise（特许经营）othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches（拱门）.TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshaveetomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteencenthamburgers.In1976,McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.ItsfirsttwentytwoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabort.A)thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB)howMcDonald’sbecameabilliondollarbusinessC)thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonaldD)RayKroc’sbusinesstalent2.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept.A)adriveinC)atheaterB)acinemaD)abarbecuerestaurant3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.A)MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKrocB)ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdriveinC)FortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfastfoodrestaurantsD)RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman4.Thepassagesuggeststhat.A)creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB)RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC)MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD)Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness5.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theword”unique”means.A)specialC)financialB)attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallypletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoupletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawellknownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwellknowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“impostors骗子”;anotherreferstothemas“specialcases.”onewellknownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby“nosuchpeople.”Toavoidoutright(彻底的)lies,somejobseekersclaimthatthey“attended”or“wereassociatedwith”acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat“attending”meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat“beingassociatedwith”acollegemeansthatthejob–seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury–that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecoMPAniesthatwillsellyouaphony（假的）diploma.OnecoMPAny,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootStateUniversity.”Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe“UniversityofPurdue.”AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.6.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.A)employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnowB)lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbeeawidespreadproblemC)collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasilyD)employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees7.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases”referstocaseswhere.A)studentsattendaschoolonlyparttimeB)studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplicationC)studentspurchasefalsedegreesfrommercialfilmsD)studentsattendedafamousschool8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A)performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythatacollegedegreeB)experienceisthebestteacherC)pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdoD)adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobpetition9.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoralB)personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschoolsC)mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschoolD)societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications10.Asusedinthefirst.Lineofthesecondparagraph,theword“utter”means.A)addressC)thoroughB)ultimateD)decisivePassage3EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault(断层),whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur（硫磺）tofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfpletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerestoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches(倾斜)forward.TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;asomepoint,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger(触发)earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernlllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablying,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.11.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)theNewMadridfaultinMissouriB)theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfaultsC)thecausesoffaultsD)currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults12.TheNewMadridfaultis.A)ahorizontalfaultB)averticalfaultC)amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfaultD)responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver13.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.A)itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCaliforniaB)theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouriC)CaliforniawillbeeanislandinfutureD)AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon14.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults.B)VerticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaultsC)EarthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareasD)Californiawillbreakintopiecesbyaneventualearthquake15.Asusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,theword“essentially”means.A)greatlyC)basicallyB)extremelyD)necessarilyPassage4Thosewhoweledtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogetherthemorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theantirailwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(粘膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighbloodpressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中风).Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Buttheprorailwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.Theactualrollingstockwasanythingbutfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayoffort.Certainlythefirstclasscarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecondclasshadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethirdclasshadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthirdclasspassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematteroffort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestotheic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:‘AmanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathirdclassticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.’Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecondandthirdclasscarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthirdclasstruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshowerbaths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat.A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogetherB)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobeC)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikelyD)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace17.Accordingtothosewhoweledtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailwaybringsforttopeopleC)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell.18.Accordingtotheantirailwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut.A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealthB)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snervesC)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungsD)tothosewithhighbloodpressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.A)theauthorbelongstotheantirailwaygroupB)theauthorbelongstotheforrailwaygroupC)theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailwayD)theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers20.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A)PracticalC)SatiricalB)Humorous.D)ExaggeratedPassage5In19601961,Chad(乍得)harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasants‘back’towork,astheyhadslackedoff(松懈)agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe19611962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismillet(小米)first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohis‘dailybread’.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifone’spocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallments(分期付款).Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingadvancedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthelastplanterswouldnotreceivetheirlastpaymentuntillater.Onlythefirststepsarehard,becauseonceworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewillinglyontheirway.EducationalcaMPAignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentialroleinthisbasicadvance,earlysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwillremainmasterofhisfields.Onecould,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealized‘bythepeople’,shouldatleastbe‘forthepeople.’21.In19601961,Chadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecause.A)thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasantsB)rainsfavoredthegrowthofcottonC)ChadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyearD)BothA)andB)22.Welearnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusually.A)onJune15thC)onJuly1stB)onJuly15thD)onJuly20th23.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,“dailybread”refersto.A)breakfastC)riceB)breadandbutterD)millet24.Inordertohelpthemthroughthedifficulttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshaveto.A)sellcottoninadvanceB)beencouragedtosavemoneyC)sowcottonintimeD)plantmilletfirst25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)EducationalcaMPAignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.B)Ofalltheadvancesthatthewriterhopesfor,earlysowingisthemostimportant.C)Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.D)Governmentmightaswellmakegoodandfirmruleforpeasants.Passage6Wecanmakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople.“DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?”“WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJimreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend?Ordidheenvymyluck?”“AndPaulwhydidn’tpickupthathewasfriendlyjustbecause1hadacar?”Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,It’stoolate.Whydowegowrongaboutourfriends–orourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheirrealmeaning.Andifwedon’treallylistenwemissthefeelingbehindthewords.Supposesomeonetellsyou,“You’realuckydog.”that’sbeingfriendly.But“luckydog”?There’sabitofenvyinthosewords.Maybehedoesn’tseeithimself.Butbringinginthe“dog”bitputsyoudownalittle.Whathemaybesayingisthatthedoesn’tthinkyoudeserveyourluck.“Justthinkofallthethingsyouhavetobethankfulfor”isanothernoisethatsaysonethingandmeansanother.Itcouldmeanthatthespeakeristryingtogetyoutoseeyourproblemaspartofyourlifeasawhole.Butishe?Wrappedupinthisphraseisthethoughtthatyourproblemisn’timportant.It’stellingyoutothinkofaallthestarvingpeopleintheworldwhenyouhaven’tgotadateforSaturdaynight.Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone’swords?Onewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysagreewiththetoneofvoice?Hisposture(姿态)?Thelookinhiseyes?Stopandthink.Theminuteyouspendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeopletoyoumaysaveanothermistake.26.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)howtointerpretwhatpeoplesayB)whattodowhenyoulistentootherstalkingC)howtoavoidmistakeswhenyoumunicatewithpeopleD)Whywegowrongwithpeoplesometimes27.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasonwhywegowrongaboutourfriendsisthat.A)WefailtolistencarefullywhentheytalkB)PeopletendtobeannoyedwhenwecheckwhattheysayC)PeopleusuallystateonethingbutmeansanotherD)Wetendtodoubtwhatourfriendssay28.Inthesentence“Maybehedoesn’tseeithimself.”Inthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it“refersto.A)beingfriendlyC)luckydogB)abitofenvyD)yourluck29.Whenwelistentoapersontalking,themostimportantthingforustodois.A)noticethewaythepersonistalkingB)takeagoodlookatthepersontalkingC)mindhistone,hispostureandthelookinhiseyesD)examinetherealmeaningofwhathesaysbasedonhismanner,histoneandhisposture30.Theauthormostprobablyisa.A)teacherC)philosopherB)psychologistD)doctorPassage7Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandthe“needle”ashotofnovocaine(奴佛卡因)－thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournervesandourbrain,whichisabundleofnerveswewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakir(行僧)whositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.ifthedentistsays,“Thiswillhurtalittle,”ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation(感觉),wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.31.Thepassageismainlyabout.A)howtosufferpainB)howtoavoidpainC)howtohandlepainD)howtostoppain32.Thesentence“Butwepayforoursensitivity.”inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat.A)weshouldpayadebtforourfeelingB)wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomethingC)ourpainisworthfeelingD)whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit33.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat.A)IndiansarenotatallafraidofpainB)peoplemaybesenselessofpainC)somepeopleareabletohandlepainD)fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms34.themostimportantthingtohandlepainis.A)howwelookatpainB)tofeelpainasmuchaspossibleC)toshowaninterestinpainD)toacceptthepainreluctantly35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspainis.A)pessimisticB)optimisticC)radical(极端的)D)practicalPassage8ThirtytwopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone’sfellowman?“Notso,”sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn’tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddleagedmanfalltothesidewalk.ishehavingaheartattack?isheinaa(昏迷)fromdiabetes(糖尿病)?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?isthesmokeingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?it’snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon’tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe“tested.”Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe“tests.”Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthe“testingroom”andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenprerecordedonataperecorder.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn’t.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?Yes.scientistsfoundthatthepeo0plewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson’strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.36.Thepurposeofthispassageis.A)toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergenciesB)toexplainwhenpeoplewillactinemergenciesC)toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergenciesD)toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.B)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhetherheyareworthhishelp.C)Apersonmusttakethefullresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.D)Apersonwithaheartattackneedsthemost.38.Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeoplewillactinemergencieswhen.A)theyareinpairsB)theyareingroupsC)theyarealoneD)theyarewiththeirfriends39.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.A)theyareafraidofemergenciesB)theyarereluctanttogetthemselvesinvolvedC)otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitateD)theydonothaveanydirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp40.Theauthorsuggeststhat.A)weshouldn’tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemergenciesB)apersonmustfeelguiltyifhefailstohelpC)peopleshouldberesponsibleforthemselvesinemergenciesD)whenyouareintrouble,peoplewillhelpyouanywayPassage9Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarproblem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.However,whenallthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.Therearesixstagesinanalyzingaproblem.Firstthepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam’sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotreadittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle.hemustfindthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.Forinstance,hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears,thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.Nowthepersonmustlookforinformationthatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolution