2022-2023学年江苏省泰州市高二下学期期初调研考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学精品试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省泰州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期初调研考试英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分42.5分)第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOnarecentlatefallafternoonatTeddington,thewhitebranchesoftreesoverhungthebanksoftheThames,leavesslowlyturningyellow.Greenwalnutscoveredtheground.Theshallowwaterranfastandcoldovertherockybottom,butitwaslitteredwiththewhiteshellsofdeadmussels.MusselpopulationsintheriverThamesintheUKdroppedbyasmuchas99percentbetween1964and2022.Thereasonisn’tclear,buttheresearchersinvolvedsuspectitisdowntotheeffectsofpollution,habitatlossandclimatechange.Toshedlightonthelong-termtrend,IsobelOllardandDavidAldridgeattheUniversityofCambridgefoundtheearlieststudyavailableonthesemusselpopulations,asurveyontheThamesinReading,Berkshire,datingfrom1964.In2022,thepaircollectedsamplesandfoundthatthenumberofduckmusselspergivenareahaddecreasedtojust1.1percentof1964levels.Thepaintermusselshadfallento3.2percentof1964levels,andtheyfoundnolivingsamplesofthedepressedrivermusselsatall.Musselscollectedin2022werealsosmaller,reachingbetween65percentand90percentofthelengththeywouldhavebeenin1964atthesameage.Ollardsaysthiswillbehavinganimpactontheecosystem,becausemusselsprovideimportantfunctionsinfreshwaterenvironments.Theycanfilter(过滤)around8-10gallonsofriverwatereachday,makingthewholeriverabetterenvironmentforfish,plantsandbugs.Musselsalsobenefitthepeoplewhousetheirriversasasourceofdrinkingwater.WhilenozebramusselsandAsianclamswerefoundinthe1964survey,shesawthepopulationsofbothroseinthelatestsurvey,butstillnotenoughtomakeupforthedropinshellfishnumbers.“Pollutionmaybetoblamefortheoverallfall,”Ollardsays.1.WhydoestheauthordescribethesceneontheThamesinParagraph1?A.Topresentafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Tomakeaprediction.2.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Theycarriedoutasurveyofmussels’habitat.B.Theyanalyzedthehistoricaldataofclimatechange.C.Theyrecordedhowmusselschangedfromyeartoyear.D.Theycomparedmusselpopulationstothoseofthepast.3.WhatOllard’sattitudetothedropinmusselnumbers?A.Cautious. B.Worried. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducethefunctionofmussels.B.Toexplaintheextinctionofmussels.C.Toproposenewmethodsofprotectingmussels.D.Torevealthedramaticdeclineinmusselnumbers.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.B4.D〖导语〗本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是对英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量减少所进行的调查。〖1题详析〗推理判断题。根据第一段的“Theshallowwaterranfastandcoldovertherockybottom,butitwaslitteredwiththewhiteshellsofdeadmussels.(冰冷的浅水快速流过岩石底部，但上面散落着死贻贝的白色贝壳。)”和第二段的“MusselpopulationsintheriverThamesintheUKdroppedbyasmuchas99percentbetween1964and2022.Thereasonisn’tclear,buttheresearchersinvolvedsuspectitisdowntotheeffectsofpollution,habitatlossandclimatechange.(1964年至2022年间，英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量下降了99%。原因尚不清楚，但相关研究人员怀疑这是由于污染、栖息地丧失和气候变化的影响。)”可推知，作者在第一段描述泰晤士河死贻贝的场景是为了引出本文贻贝数量下降这一话题。故选C。〖2题详析〗推理判断题。根据第四段的“In2022,thepaircollectedsamplesandfoundthatthenumberofduckmusselspergivenareahaddecreasedtojust1.1percentof1964levels.Thepaintermusselshadfallento3.2percentof1964levels,andtheyfoundnolivingsamplesofthedepressedrivermusselsatall.Musselscollectedin2022werealsosmaller,reachingbetween65percentand90percentofthelengththeywouldhavebeenin1964atthesameage.(2022年，他们收集了样本，发现每个特定区域的鸭贻贝数量已经下降到1964年水平的1.1%。画家贻贝的数量已经下降到1964年水平的3.2%，他们根本没有发现萧条的河贻贝的活样本。2022年采集的贻贝也更小，长度只有1964年相同年龄贻贝长度的65%到90%。)”可推知，研究人员通过将贻贝的数量与过去进行比较来进行这项研究，故选D。〖3题详析〗推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ollardsaysthiswillbehavinganimpactontheecosystem,becausemusselsprovideimportantfunctionsinfreshwaterenvironments.(Ollard说，这将对生态系统产生影响，因为贻贝在淡水环境中具有重要的功能。)”可知，Ollard对贻贝数量下降表示担心，故选B。〖4题详析〗推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段的“MusselpopulationsintheriverThamesintheUKdroppedbyasmuchas99percentbetween1964and2022.Thereasonisn’tclear,buttheresearchersinvolvedsuspectitisdowntotheeffectsofpollution,habitatlossandclimatechange.(1964年至2022年间，英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量下降了99%。原因尚不清楚，但相关研究人员怀疑这是由于污染、栖息地丧失和气候变化的影响。)”可知，本文主要讲的是对英国泰晤士河的贻贝数量减少所进行的调查，其目的是揭示贻贝数量的急剧下降。故选D。BBackinApril,ElonMusk,theworld’srichestman,tookoverTwitterforacool$44billion.That’salotofmoney,evenforabillionaire.However,itsappealisn’tobvious.Ithasaround436millionuserseverymonth,whichisn’tnothing—butisstillalongwaybehindFacebook,Instagram,andTikTok.Italsomakesarelativelylowprofit.ThenwhywouldMuskmakethepurchase?TheanswermightbewhatmakesTittersointeresting:whatitlacksinprofits,sizeorgrowthpotential,itmakesupforinsomeway.Ithasanunmatchedabilitytoshapetheculturewelivein.Twitter’sculturalpoweriseasytosee.Clickonanynewsarticle,andthere’sagoodchancethatit’squotingwhatsomeonesaidonTwitter.Whatmakestheplatformsignificantisitsusers.Twitterisabarfullofrichpeople,whereasFacebookisjustliketheMcDonald’sacrossthestreet.WhatTwitterisgoodatisactingasaglobalwatercooler—achannelforsmalltalk,jokesandinformalconnections.BecausethepeoplehangingoutonTwitteraretypesofgreatimportanceandinfluence,whathappensonitcanactuallyaffecttherestoftheworld.However,itsabilitytoinfluencetherealworldhasstrangeresultstoo.WhathappensonTwittersometimescanonlybeknown,understood,orappreciatedbyarelativelysmallnumberofpeopleandbearlittlerelationtothe“real”world.Recentpoliticsgivesusagoodexample:duringarecentdebate,theBBCspenttenminutestalkingaboutmeantweetsaboutthecandidates’clothesinsteadofanythingthatactuallymatters.Butinanycase,it’sapowerfulexampleofTwitter’sculturalpower.ThisexplainswhyMuskmightpaybigmoneyforit.Becauseevenifitdoesn’tmakebusinesssense,ifyouownTwitteryouhaveavoiceintheworld’smostimportantwatercoolerconversation.5.WhatmadeMuskwanttobuyTwitter?A.Twitter’sbusinesspotential. B.Twitter’shighprofits.C.Twitter’snumeroususers. D.Twitter’sculturalsignificance.6.WhycanTwitterinfluencetheworld?A.ItgainsabigadvantageoverFacebook.B.Ithasimportantandinfluentialusers.C.Itkeepspeopleinformedofthelatestnews.D.Itrespondstowhathappensintheworldquickly.7.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.TheweaknessesofTwitter B.ThethreatstoTiter’ssurvival.C.Thecontentsontheplatform. D.Thecomplaintsagainstsocialmedia.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhoisinchargeofTitter? B.WhatisTwitter?C.WhyisTwittersoimportant? D.HowisTwitterpromoted?〖答案〗5.D6.B7.A8.C〖导语〗本文是一篇说明文。文章由马斯克当初重金收购推特切入，介绍了推特的重要性，尤其在文化方面的。〖5题详析〗细节理解题。根据第二段“TheanswermightbewhatmakesTittersointeresting:whatitlacksinprofits,sizeorgrowthpotential,itmakesupforinsomeway.Ithasanunmatchedabilitytoshapetheculturewelivein.Twitter’sculturalpoweriseasytosee.(〖答案〗可能就是Titter如此有趣的原因：它在利润、规模或增长潜力方面的不足，它会以某种方式弥补。它在塑造我们生活的文化方面有着无可比拟的能力)”可知，Musk收购Titter是因为它在文化方面的重要性，故选D。〖6题详析〗细节理解题。根据第三段“Whatmakestheplatformsignificantisitsusers.Twitterisabarfullofrichpeople,whereasFacebookisjustliketheMcDonald’sacrossthestreet.WhatTwitterisgoodatisactingasaglobalwatercooler—achannelforsmalltalk,jokesandinformalconnections.BecausethepeoplehangingoutonTwitteraretypesofgreatimportanceandinfluence,whathappensonitcanactuallyaffecttherestoftheworld.(这个平台的重要之处在于它的用户。推特是一个满是富人的贴吧，而Facebook就像街对面的麦当劳。Twitter所擅长的是充当一个全球噱头——一个闲聊、笑话和非正式联系的渠道。因为在Twitter上闲逛的人都是非常重要和有影响力的类型，在Twitter上发生的事情实际上可以影响世界其他地方)”可知，因为Twitter上有重要和有影响力的用户，所以发生的事情可以影响世界，故选B。〖7题详析〗主旨大意题。根据第四段“However,itsabilitytoinfluencetherealworldhasstrangeresultstoo.WhathappensonTwittersometimescanonlybeknown,understood,orappreciatedbyarelativelysmallnumberofpeopleandbearlittlerelationtothe“real”world.(然而，它影响现实世界的能力也产生了奇怪的结果。Twitter上发生的事情有时只能被相对少数的人知道、理解或欣赏，与“真实”世界几乎没有关系)”可知，本段介绍Twitter的弱点，故选A。〖8题详析〗主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段“Butinanycase,it’sapowerfulexampleofTwitter’sculturalpower.ThisexplainswhyMuskmightpaybigmoneyforit.Becauseevenifitdoesn’tmakebusinesssense,ifyouownTwitteryouhaveavoiceintheworld’smostimportantwatercoolerconversation.(但无论如何，这都是Twitter文化力量的有力例证。这就解释了为什么马斯克可能会花大价钱购买它。因为即使这在商业上没有意义，如果你拥有Twitter，你就在世界上最重要的噱头对话中有了发言权)”可知，文章由马斯克当初重金收购推特切入，介绍了推特的重要性，尤其在文化方面的。C项“为什么推特如此重要”可以作为本文标题。故选C。CWhenourfamilydrovetoourhotelonthenightof29September,1994,IprayedIwouldneverbeinsuchableakplace.Thestreetsweredeserted,andwewereleavingthehospitalwhereourseven-year-oldsonlayinadeepunconsciousness.Wewantedonlytogohome,totakeNicholaswithusandtoholdhishandagain.Ithadbeentheworstnightofourlives.Inlivesthatonlyafewhoursbeforehadbeenfullofwarmthandlaughter,therewasnowatotalemptiness.Withindays,ourpersonalexperienceturnedintoaworldwidestory.Newspapersandtelevisiontoldoftheshootingattackbycarrobbers,Nicholas’sdeathandourdecisiontodonatehisorgans.Sincethen,manystreets,schoolsandhospitalsinItalyhavebeennamedafterhim.Allthisisforadecision—we’veforgottenwhichofussuggestedit.Irememberthesilentroomandthedoctors,hesitanttoaskquestionsaboutorgandonation.“Nowthathe’sgone,shouldn’twedonatetheorgans?”oneofusasked.“Yes,”theotherreplied.Nicholaswasdead.Thefutureofabrightlittlecreaturehadbeentakenaway.Itwasimportanttousthatsomeoneelseshouldhavethatfuture.Itturnedouttobesevenpeople’sfuture,mostofthemyoung,mostverysick.WearepleasedthisincidenthascausedorgandonationratestoincreasedramaticallyinItaly—aresultcalledthe“Nicholaseffect”.Itseemsunfair,however,tothethousandsofparentswhohavemadeexactlythesamedecision.Theirlossisnodifferentfromours,buttheirwillingnesstosharehasremainedlargelyunrecognized.Forthem,likeus,theemptinessisalwayscloseby.Idon’tbelievewewilleverbereallyhappyagain.Butourjoyinseeingthelifethatwouldotherwisehavebeenlostissoupliftingthatithasgivenussomecomfortforwhatwouldhavebeenjustanactofviolence.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bleak”meaninParagraph1?A.Encouraging. B.Hopeless.C.Attractive. D.Annoying10.WhatledtoNicholas’sdeath?A.Agunattack. B.Astreetfight.C.Acaraccident. D.Aseriousillness.11.WhydidNicholas’sparentsdecidetodonatetheirson’sorgans?A.Theychosetotakethedoctors’advice.B.Theywishedtoincreasedonationrates.C.Theyattemptedtoattractthepublic’sattention.D.Theywantedtogiveothersasecondchanceatlife.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Italywitnessesasharpdecreaseinviolence.B.Theparentshavecompletelygotridoftheirsadness.C.TheirdecisionhasencouragedpublicorgandonationinItaly.D.Othercontributorsthinkitisunfairnottoberecognized.〖答案〗9.B10.A11.D12.C〖导语〗本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的儿子去世后作者捐献了儿子的器官，这导致意大利的器官捐献率急剧上升。〖9题详析〗词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Thestreetsweredeserted,andwewereleavingthehospitalwhereourseven-year-oldsonlayinadeepunconsciousness.(街上人去楼空，我们正要离开医院，我们七岁的儿子躺在那里昏迷不醒。)”可知，作者年幼的儿子昏迷不醒，他们感觉一切都没有了希望。划线词所在句子表示“我祈祷自己永远不会身处如此绝望的地方”，划线词bleak的意思是“无望的”，和hopeless意思相近，故选B。〖10题详析〗细节理解题。根据第二段的“Newspapersandtelevisiontoldoftheshootingattackbycarrobbers,Nicholas’sdeathandourdecisiontodonatehisorgans.(报纸和电视报道了汽车劫匪的枪击事件、尼古拉斯的死亡以及我们决定捐献他的器官。)”可知，枪击事件导致了尼古拉斯的死亡，故选A。〖11题详析〗推理判断题。根据第四段的“Itwasimportanttousthatsomeoneelseshouldhavethatfuture.Itturnedouttobesevenpeople’sfuture,mostofthemyoung,mostverysick.(对我们来说，让别人拥有这样的未来很重要。事实证明是七个人的未来，他们大多数都很年轻，大多数病得很重。)”可知，尼古拉斯的父母决定捐献他们儿子的器官是因为他们想给别人第二次生命。故选D。〖12题详析〗细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“WearepleasedthisincidenthascausedorgandonationratestoincreasedramaticallyinItaly—aresultcalledthe“Nicholaseffect”.(我们很高兴这一事件导致意大利的器官捐献率急剧上升，这一结果被称为“尼古拉斯效应”。)”可知，他们的决定鼓励了意大利的器官捐献。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyouevertriedaskingforrespectfromanotheradult?____13____Furthermore,demandingrespectfromcoworkers,familymembersorbusinessassociatesisalmostoutofthequestion.That’sbecausetheconceptofrespectmustbespoon-fedatanearlyage.Adultswhodon’tunderstandtheimportanceofrespectarenotlikelytochange.Inthedevelopmentalyears,theyallneedtocomprehendkindness,behavingpolitelyandusinggoodmanners.____14____Theycaneasilyopencareerdoors,maintaingoodrelationshipsandmanagegroupsofpeople.That’swhyitpaystoteachrespectfulbehaviortochildrenandyoungadultsinyourlife.Theseincludeniecesandnephews,studentsoryoungeremployees.Givingandgettingrespectisthebestwaytokeepsocietyinharmony.How?Wedon’twastetimeinarguingandrockingeachother’sboat.____15____●____16____Showthemhowtoeatinahealthyway,getenoughrest,takecareoftheirclothesandhelpwithhousework.Showthemtheyarevaluable.●Pointoutthegoodqualitiesofotherpeople.Helpyourchildrenfocusonpositiveaspectsofpeoplefromothercultures,neighborhoodsandsocioeconomicbackgrounds.●Teachthemthateveryonedoesnotthinkalike.____17____Tellyourchildren,“Learnmoreaboutwhatyourfriendsarethinking.Askquestions.Trytoseetheviewpointsofothers.”●Allowyourchildtohaveapetifpossible.Caringforananimalisalsoaneffectivemeansofhelpingyourchildunderstandthefeelingsandneedsofanothercreature.A.It’sdifficulttoaccomplish.B.Teachthemtorespectthemselves.C.Teachthemtoliveahealthylifestyle.D.Explaineverypersonviewssituationsdifferently.E.Adultswhoarerespectfularelikelytobecomesuccessful.F.AnadultwithgoodmannerswillsurelyhaveasaferideinlifeG.Thesepointsarecriticaltoshowingyourkidshowtogiverespect.〖答案〗13.A14.E15.G16.B17.D〖导语〗本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在生活中教导孩子和年轻人尊重的行为。〖13题详析〗空后说“Furthermore,demandingrespectfromcoworkers,familymembersorbusinessassociatesisalmostoutofthequestion.(此外，要求同事、家人或商业伙伴的尊重几乎是不可能的。)”，这说明向另一个成年人寻求尊重是很难的，A选项“It’sdifficulttoaccomplish.(这很难完成。)”说明了要向另一个成年人寻求尊重是困难的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。〖14题详析〗空后说“Theycaneasilyopencareerdoors,maintaingoodrelationshipsandmanagegroupsofpeople.(他们可以轻松地打开职业大门，保持良好的关系，管理一群人。)”，这说明对他人尊重的人是很可能成功的，E选项“Adultswhoarerespectfularelikelytobecomesuccessful.(尊重他人的成年人很可能会成功。)”说明了尊重他人的人可能成功，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。〖15题详析〗空前说“Givingandgettingrespectisthebestwaytokeepsocietyinharmony.How?Wedon’twastetimeinarguingandrockingeachother’sboat.(给予和获得尊重是保持社会和谐的最好方法。怎么做？我们不把时间浪费在争论和惹是生非。)”，空格处应该对空前所说的方法进行评价，G选项“Thesepointsarecriticaltoshowingyourkidshowtogiverespect.(这些要点是教你的孩子如何给予尊重的关键。)”是对上述方法进行的评价，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。〖16题详析〗空格处是本段主题句，空后说“Showthemhowtoeatinahealthyway,getenoughrest,takecareoftheirclothesandhelpwithhousework.Showthemtheyarevaluable.(教他们如何健康饮食，如何获得足够的休息，如何打理自己的衣服和帮助做家务。向他们展示自己的价值。)”，这些方法都是自重的方法，B选项“Teachthemtorespectthemselves.(教他们尊重自己。)”概括了本段内容，可作为本段主题句，故选B。〖17题详析〗空前说“Teachthemthateveryonedoesnotthinkalike.(教他们每个人的想法都不一样。)”，空格处应该要说“每个人的想法不一样”，D选项“Explaineverypersonviewssituationsdifferently.(解释每个人对情况的看法不同。)”说明了要给孩子们讲清楚每个人的想法和看法不一样，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。第二部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分37.5分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itallstartedwithapostonthesocialmedia.Returninghomefromthe____18____store,Simonefeltshemusthelptheelderlyinhercommunitytopractice____19____socialdistancingduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Withthisinmind,shereachedouttoherfriendsonFacebook.Unexpectedly,many____20____,expressingtheirwillingnesstovolunteer.TheydecidedtostartanonlineplatformcalledInvisibleHandsDeliver.Justtwodaysafter____21____theinitiative,theybuiltawebsitethatallowedthe____22____inthecommunitytomakerequestsforgroceriestobedeliveredtothem.Thewebpagealsoincludedacallforvolunteers,which____23____gainedover1,000sign-upswithinthefirstweek.AsthepandemiccontinuedtoworseninNewYork,InvisibleHandsDeliverwitnessedagreatdealofsupportfrom____24____individualswithsimilarbeliefs.Whenarequestwassubmittedonthewebsite,itwas____25____toallvolunteersintheneighborhood,sothatanyonewhowas____26____couldcometohelp.Thedeliveryitselfwas_____27_____,sincevolunteershadbeeninstructedtoleavethebagsofgroceriesoutsidetheseniors’doors.Allvolunteers_____28_____strictsafetyrules.Likethewearingofmedicalgloves.FollowingitssuccessinNewYork,theplatform_____29_____itsoperationstoPhiladelphiaandotherareasofAmerica.Inspiredbytheiractsofkindness,similarnetworkshave_____30_____worldwide.Inatimewhenthepandemicforcedpeopleapart,the_____31_____andableyouthsplayedaleadingroleinbridgingthe_____32_____andbringingcommunitiestogether.18.A.village B.grocery C.chain D.drug19.A.better B.safer C.longer D.easier20.A.responded B.disagreed C.ignored D.hesitated21.A.favoring B.approving C.shaping D.launching22.A.citizens B.volunteers C.seniors D.salesgirls23.A.naturally B.amazingly C.secretly D.eventually24.A.absent-minded B.simple-minded C.open-minded D.like-minded25.A.sold B.handed C.forwarded D.explained26.A.generous B.ambitious C.reliable D.available27.A.contactless B.worthless C.senseless D.endless28.A.developed B.relaxed C.obeyed D.provided29.A.expanded B.moved C.reduced D.changed30.A.stayedon B.sprungup C.brokendown D.pulledthrough31.A.willing B.elegant C.curious D.appealing32.A.conflicts B.differences C.cultures D.gaps〖答案〗18.B19.B20.A21.D22.C23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A28.C29.A30.B31.A32.D〖导语〗这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在COVID-19流行期间，Simone为了帮助社区的老年人保持更安全的社交距离，与朋友们在网上建立了InvisibleHandsDeliver组织，号召志同道合的志愿者们为老人们配送生活物资，随后类似的网络平台在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现。〖18题详析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：从杂货店回家后，Simone觉得她必须帮助社区的老年人在COVID-19流行期间保持更安全的社交距离。A.village村庄；B.grocery杂货店；C.chain链条，连锁商店；D.drug毒品，药物。根据第三段中“tomakerequestsforgroceriestobedeliveredtothem.”以及第四段中“toleavethebagsofgroceriesoutsidetheseniors’doors”可知，后文讲的如何让志愿者们给老人配送杂货，所以Simone应该是在杂货店看到老年人购物时保持的社交距离，才有的想法。故选B项。〖19题详析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从杂货店回家后，Simone觉得她必须帮助社区的老年人在COVID-19流行期间保持更安全的社交距离。A.better更好的；B.safer更安全的；C.longer更长的；D.easier更容易的。根据第四段中“toleavethebagsofgroceriesoutsidetheseniors’doors”可知，为了让老年人保持更安全的社交距离，Simone才想到了创办InvisibleHandsDeliver来为老人们无接触式的配送物资。故选B项。〖20题详析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，她的许多朋友回应了，表示愿意做志愿者。A.responded反应，回应；B.disagreed不同意；C.ignored忽略；D.hesitated犹豫。根据后文“expressingtheirwillingnesstovolunteer”可知，她的很多朋友们都给予了回应并且愿意成为志愿者。故选A项。〖21题详析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅在发起这项活动的两天后，他们就建立了一个网站，在网站上社区里的老年人可以要求把食品杂货送到他们手中。A.favoring偏爱，支持；B.approving批准，同意；C.shaping塑造；D.launching启动，发射。根据前文“TheydecidedtostartanonlineplatformcalledInvisibleHandsDeliver.”可知，他们启动了这个活动，这里的launch与前文的start相呼应。故选D项。〖22题详析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅在发起这项活动的两天后，他们就建立了一个网站，在网站上社区里的老年人可以要求把食品杂货送到他们手中。A.citizens市民；B.volunteers志愿者；C.seniors老年人；D.salesgirls女售货员。根据前文中的“theelderly”可知，他们是在帮助社区里的老年人。故选C项。〖23题详析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：该网页还号召志愿者，令人惊讶的是，在第一周内就有超过1000人报名。A.naturally自然地，当然；B.amazingly令人吃惊地；C.secretly秘密地；D.eventually最终地。根据后文“over1,000sign-upswithinthefirstweek.”可知，仅仅在第一周，就有超过1000多个人报名，这是令人吃惊的。故选B项。〖24题详析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着流行病毒在纽约继续恶化，InvisibleHandsDeliver这一组织得到了志同道合的人的大力支持。A.absent-minded心不在焉的；B.simple-minded头脑简单的，淳朴的；C.open-minded思想开放的；D.like-minded志趣相投的。根据后文“similarbeliefs”可知，这些报名的志愿者们都有相同的信念，他们是志同道合的一群人。故选D项。〖25题详析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个请求在网站上提交后，它会被转发给附近所有的志愿者，这样任何有时间的人都可以来帮忙。A.sold卖，销售；B.handed递，交；C.forwarded发送，转发；D.explained解释。根据前文“Whenarequestwassubmittedonthewebsite”可知，有人提交送货请求后，它就会被转发给每个志愿者，因为是在网站上，所以请求是被转发出去。故选C项。〖26题详析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个请求在网站上提交后，它会被转发给附近所有的志愿者，这样任何有时间的人都可以来帮忙。A.generous大方的；B.ambitious有抱负的，野心勃勃的；C.reliable可依赖的；D.available可获得的，有空的。根据语境，这个组织里面有很多志愿者，所以在网站上看到有请求后，有空的志愿者就可以去帮助老人派送生活物资。故选D项。〖27题详析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：送货本身是非接触式的，因为志愿者们被要求把食品杂货放在老人的门外。A.contactless无接触的；B.worthless没有价值的；C.senseless无意义的，无知觉的；D.endless无止境的。根据后文“sincevolunteershadbeeninstructedtoleavethebagsofgroceriesoutsidetheseniors’doors”可知，志愿者们提前已被告知，东西放在老人们的门外，所以这种配送方式是无接触的。故选A项。〖28题详析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有志愿者都遵守严格的安全规定。A.developed发展；B.relaxed放松；C.obeyed遵守，服从；D.provided提供。根据后文“Likethewearingofmedicalgloves.”可知，志愿者们在配送生活物资时，会遵守严格的安全规定；obeytherules为固定搭配。故选C项。〖29题详析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：在纽约取得成功后，该平台将业务扩展到费城和美国其他地区。A.expanded扩大；B.moved移动，搬家，感动；C.reduced减少；D.changed改变。根据后文“itsoperationstoPhiladelphiaandotherareasofAmerica.”可知，InvisibleHandsDeliver这个组织初建于纽约，后来发展到了美国其他州。故选A项。〖30题详析〗考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在他们善举的鼓舞下，类似的网络平台在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现。A.stayedon继续留下，逗留；B.sprungup涌现，兴起；C.brokendown坏掉；D.pulledthrough度过难关，恢复健康。根据前文“FollowingitssuccessinNewYork,theplatform_______itsoperationstoPhiladelphiaandotherareasofAmerica.”可知，InvisibleHandsDeliver这个组织初建于纽约，随后发展到了美国其他州，受其启发，全世界相似的组织就涌现出来了。故选B项。〖31题详析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个流行病毒迫使人们分离的时代，有意愿和能力的青年们在弥合差距和团结社区方面发挥了主导作用。A.willing乐意的；B.elegant优雅的；C.curious好奇的；D.appealing有吸引力的。根据常识，志愿者们都是自愿奉献的人，所以他们是一群乐于奉献的年轻人。故选A项。〖32题详析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个流行病毒迫使人们分离的时代，有意愿和能力的青年们在弥合差距和团结社区方面发挥了主导作用。A.conflicts冲突；B.differences差异；C.cultures文化；D.gaps鸿沟。根据固定搭配bridgethegap意为“缩小差距”。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Eversincehewasbornin1990inXizhuangvillage,Shanxiprovince,JiaJinhui’slifehasbeencloselyassociatedwithstonecarving,____33____uniquehandicraftofChina.Jiangzhoustonecarving____34____(date)backtoatleast1,000yearsago,andXizhuanghascarefullypreservedthetradition.Unlikeotherformsofstonecarving,theJiangzhoumethodisacomprehensiveartthatincludessculpture,painting,calligraphy,sealcuttingandmodeling.After____35____(graduate)fromjuniormiddleschoolin2006,Jiajoinedhiselderstohelpdevelopthefamilybusiness.Healsospentalotoftimereadingabouttraditionalstonecarvingandarttoimprovehisskills.Injustafewyears,hiseffortspaidoff,____36____hispieceswell-receivedatculturalexhibitionsacrosstheprovinceandsoldboth____37____(domestic)andoverseas.Lateron,Jiaintroducedmorepeopleto____38____hewasdoing.Overthelastfewdecades,he____39____(train)around100stonecarversfromhisvillageaswellasnearbyvillages,____40____incomeshavegreatlyincreased.In2017,Jiangzhoustonecarvingwaslistedasaprovincial-levelintangibleculturalheritage,____41____(encourage)moreresidentsofXizhuangtotakeupthetrade.Asacity-levelinheritor(继承人),Jiafeelsithis_____42_____(responsible)topassonthistraditionalculturetothenextgeneration.〖答案〗33.a34.dates35.graduating##graduation36.with37.domestically38.what39.hastrained40.whose41.encouraging42.responsibility〖导语〗本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了绛州石雕技艺传承人家金辉以及绛州石雕。〖33题详析〗考查冠词。句意：家金辉1990年出生于山西西庄村，自那时起，他的生活就与石雕这一中国独特的手工艺紧密相连。可数名词handicraft在句中表示“一项手工艺”，泛指，用不定冠词修饰，其后单词unique发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。〖34题详析〗考查时态。句意：绛州石雕至少可以追溯到1000年前，西庄精心保存了这一传统。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，“Jiangzhoustonecarving”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。〖35题详析〗考查名词/动名词。句意：2006年初中毕业后，家金辉帮助长辈一起发展家族企业。设空处作介词“After”的宾语，应填graduate的名词或动名词形式。故填graduating/graduation。〖36题详析〗考查介词。句意：短短几年时间，他的努力就得到了回报，他的作品在全省各地的文化展览上广受欢迎，并远销国内外。句子结构分析可知，“________hispieceswell-receivedatculturalexhibitionsacrosstheprovinceandsoldboth________(domestic)andoverseas”为with的复合结构。故填with。〖37题详析〗考查副词。句意：短短几年时间，他的努力就得到了回报，他的作品在全省各地的文化展览上广受欢迎，并远销国内外。句子分析可知，设空处修饰动词sold，作状语，应填domestic的副词形式。故填domestically。〖38题详析〗考查名词性从句。句意：后来，家金辉让更多的人了解他正在做的事情。句子分析可知，“________hewasdoing”为名词性从句作介词to的宾语，设空处在从句中作“doing”的宾语，指“正在做的事情”，填连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。〖39题详析〗考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，他从自己的村子和附近的村庄培训了大约100名石匠，这些人的收入大大增加了。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由“Overthelastfewdecades”可知此句为现在完成时，“he”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填hastrained。〖40题详析〗考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在过去的几十年里，他从自己的村子和附近的村庄培训了大约100名石匠，这些人的收入大大增加了。句子分析可知，“________incomeshavegreatlyincreased”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“100stonecarvers”，关系将先行词代入从句中作定语，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。〖41题详析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，绛州石雕被列为省级非物质文化遗产，鼓励了更多的西庄居民从事这一行业。句子分析可知，设空处在句中为非谓语动词，“Jiangzhoustonecarvingwaslistedasaprovincial-levelintangibleculturalheritage”与“encourage”为逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填encourage的现在分词。故填encouraging。〖42题详析〗考查名词。句意：作为一名市级传承人，家金辉觉得自己有责任将这一传统文化传承给下一代。由空前“his”可知设空处应填responsible的名词形式。故填responsibility。第三节(共15小题;每小题0.5分，满分7.5分)根据首字母或中文〖提示〗写出单词，并注意所填单词的适当形式。43.Enjoyingtheconveniencebroughtbymoderntechnology,wehavetodealwiththeproblemsa_______fromit.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗arising##rising〖详析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：在享受现代技术带来的便利的同时，我们也不得不处理由此产生的问题。由“theproblems”可知，此处表示“在享受现代技术带来的便利的同时，我们也不得不处理由此产生的问题”，空格处意为“产生”，由首字母〖提示〗a可知，是arise，句中谓语是“havetodealwith”，空格处用非谓语动词，problems和arise之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填arising。44.Thethievesbrokeinandt_______tokilltheshopassistantiftheirdemandswerenotmet.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗threatened##hreatened〖详析〗考查谓语动词的时态。句意：小偷破门而入，威胁说如果不满足他们的要求，就杀了店员。根据首字母〖提示〗和句意可知，动词threaten符合题意；根据空前and可知，空处填动词的一般过去时，与brokein并列作谓语。故填threatened。45.Theyoungmanwasa______ofcheatingandsentencedtotwoyearsinprison.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗accused##ccused〖详析〗考查动词。句意：这个年轻人被指控欺诈，判2年监禁。根据首字母〖提示〗及句意可知，动词accuse“指控”符合题意，主语man和accuse之间是被动关系，应用过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态，sbbeaccusedofdoingsth表示“某人被指控做某事”符合句意。故填accused。46.Mostteacherswereinfavoroftheproposal;onlyam_______objectedtoitstrongly.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗minority##inority〖详析〗考查名词单数。句意：大多数老师都赞成这个提议；只有少数人强烈反对。结合首字母〖提示〗和不定冠词a可知，单数名词minority(少数人)作主语，符合句意。故填minority。47.Thegeneralmanagerhascometothec_______thathe’snottherightpersonforthejob.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗conclusion##onclusion〖详析〗考查名词。句意：总经理得出结论他不是这项工作的合适人选。结合句意和首字母〖提示〗可知，应用名词conclusion作宾语，构成固定短语cometoa/theconclusion“得出结论”。故填conclusion/onclusion。48.Weshouldnotdevelopoureconomyatthee_______oftheenvironment.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗expense##xpense〖详析〗考查名词。句意：我们不应该以牺牲环境为代价发展经济。结合句意及首字母〖提示〗可知，名词expense“费用，价钱”符合提hi，不可数名词，attheexpenseof以……为代价，固定短语。故填expense。49.Thereisstrongevidenceofalinkbetweenlong-timee_______tothesunandskincancer.(根据首字母单词拼写)〖答案〗exposure##xposure〖详析〗考查名词。句意：有强有