考研英语阅读词汇多年真题总结

-PAGE1-考研核心词汇1994-2006阅读理解1994年text1economic//adj.1经济(上)的2产供销的3经济学的[例]Thecountryisabadeconomicstate.国家经济状况很糟糕。Basically//adv.基本上,主要地[例]Basically,heisaniceperson,buthedoesn’talwaysshowit.他基本上是个好人，但并不经常表现出来。[同义]essentially，fundamentallyenterprises//n.1企业,事业,计划2事业心,进取心；干事业[例]Watchmakingandbankingarethechiefenterprisesofthecountry.制表业和银行业是这个国家的主要企业。[派生]enterprising//adj,有事业心的,有进取心的,有魄力的,有胆量的[固定搭配]freeenterprise自由企业经济，私营企业orient//n.东方,东方诸国,指地中海以东各国,vi.1适应形势2向东,使朝东;使适应；确定方向[例]Inthemarkets,IbreathedthesmellsoftheOrient.在这些市场上，我闻到东方国家的气味。[反义]occident//n.西方,西洋,欧美,西欧诸国[派生]oriental//n.东方人(尤指中国人和日本人)adj.东方诸国的,亚洲的,东方的；(珍珠等)最优质的orientation//n,方向,方位,定位,倾向性,向东方consumer//n.消费者[例]Thepriceincreaseswerepassedonbythefirmtotheconsumers.公司把上涨的费用都转嫁到消费者身上。[派生]consume//v.1消耗,消费,消灭；大吃大喝,2吸引,消灭,毁灭consumption//n.消费,消费量strive//adj.努力,奋斗,力争,斗争[例]Hestrovetoberecognizedasamusician.他力争被人们承认是个音乐家。[同义]struggle,endeavor[固定搭配]striveafter[for]为...奋斗;力求...;争取...；strivetoward向...奋进,为...而努力；strivewith同...作斗争；profit//n.利润,益处,得益vi.得益,利用vt.有益于,有利于[例]Speculatorsprofitsfromchangesinprices.投机商从物价变动中得利。[词组]ataprofit以获利为结果[同义]gain,benefit,advantage[反义]loss[派生]profitableadj.有利可图的[固定搭配]fatprofit巨额利润；makeaprofiton在...上获利；profitby[from]从...中得到益处[吸取教训]；makeone'sprofitof利用,使对自已有利；toone'sprofit[with]profit有益；motive//n.动机,目的adj.发动的；运动的[例]Greedwashisonlymotiveforstealing.贪婪是他偷窃的唯一原因。[同义]aim,purpose[派生]motivation//n.动机pressure/,,/n.1压，压力2电压3压迫，强制，紧迫[例]Thepressureofthewindfilledthesailsoftheboat.风力使船帆张满。individual//n.个人,个体adj.个别的,单独的,个人的[例]Therightsoftheindividualareperhapsthemostimportantrightsinafreesociety.个人的权利恐怕是自由社会的最重要的权利。maximize//v.取...最大值,最佳化[例]Wemustmaximizeoutput.我们必须尽量提高产量。[反义]minimize//vt.将…减到最少v.最小化[派生]minimum//adj.最小的,最低的,,n.最小值,最小化maximum//n.最大量,最大限度,极大adj.最高的,最多的,最大极限的resource//n.资源,财力,办法,智谋[例]naturalresources自然资源,amanofgreatresource足智多谋的人[固定搭配]leavesb.tohisownresources不去打扰factor//n.1因素，要素，因数,,2代理人[例]Herfriendlymannerisanimportantfactorinherrapidsuccess.待人友好是她迅速获得成功的重要因素。mechanism//n.1机械装置2机构，机制[例]Theclockdoesn’tgo;thereissomethingwrongwiththemechanism.钟不走了，机件出了毛病。respond//n.回答,响应,v.作出反应,有反应[例]Iofferedhimadrinkbuthedidn'trespond.我请他喝酒，但他未作回答。relative//n.1亲戚2关系词3相关物3亲缘植物adv.1有关系的2相对的，比较而言的[例]Afterhistroubles,he'snowinrelativecomfort.困境过后，他现在比较舒服了。[派生]relativitly//n.相对性,相关性，相对论[固定搭配]berelativeto1和……成比例2和……有关系3随…为转移bid//v.1出价,投标2祝愿3命令,吩咐,n.1出价,投标2支付[例]Theylostthecontractbecausetheirbidwastoohigh.他们因索价太高而失去了那张合同。eliminate//vt.排除,消除,除去[例]Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedidnotwinanyofthepracticeraces.她已被取消了游泳比赛，因为她在训练中没有得到名次。[同义]remove,wipeoutcommodity//n.商品，日用品[例]AirconditionersareoneofthemanycommoditiesthatJapansellsabroad.空调是日本许多出口商品中的一种。productive//adj.生产性的,生产的；能产的,多产的[例]averyproductivewriter多产作家aproductiveeffort生产力[派生]productivity//n.生产力product//n.产品,产物,乘积production//n.生产,产品,作品,研究成果property//n.财产,所有物,所有权,性质,特性,小道具[例]Thiscarismyproperty.这车是我的财产。[同义]possession,belongingsembrace//vt.1拥抱；互相拥抱2包含3收买4信奉vi.拥抱,n.拥抱[例]Sheembracedhersontenderlywhenhecamehomeaftertenyears'absence.她儿子离家十年后回家时她亲切地拥抱儿子。[同义]hug,hold,accept,adopt1994年text2issue//n.事件，问题,v.1发行；流出2造成……结果[例]“Manypeoplefailtograspwhatisreallyatissuehere”“很多人都没有领会到这里到底在争论什么”(盖尔·希伊)[固定搭配]atissue待解决的；争议中的；takeissue对…持异议；credit//n.1信任2信用,声望3学分,荣誉,vt.相信,信任[例]Youshouldhavenotroublegettingtheloanifyourcreditisgood.如果你信誉良好，要取得这笔贷款就没有什么问题了。[同义]belief,faith,trust[派生]credible//adj.可信的,可靠的[固定搭配]bebareofcredit名誉不好,无信誉；betosb.'scredit为某人增光；crackcredit失信用；automatic//n.自动机械,,adj.自动的,无意识的[例]Theheatingsysteminthehotelhasanautomatictemperaturecontrol.旅馆里的取暖系统是自动调温的。[同义]spontaneousavailable//adj.可用到的,可利用的,有用的[例]Attention,please.Theseticketsareavailableon(the)dayofissueonly.请注意,这种车票仅在发售当天有效。[反义]hinder[派生]availability/,/n.可用性,有效性,实用性avail//vi.有益于,有帮助,有用,有利于n.效用,利益[固定搭配]makesth.availableto使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物；makesth.availablefor使……可以享受某物;withdrew//v.收回,撤消,缩回,退出,撤退[例]Hewithdrewfromtherace.他退出比赛。[同义]abandon，deduct，extract，quit，recede，remove，retreatdeposite//n.1堆积物,沉淀物2存款3押金,vt.存放；堆,vi.沉淀[例]Shedepositedhermoneyinthebank.她把钱存在银行里。[派生]deposition//n.沉积作用,沉积物,革职,废王位,免职[固定搭配]bankdeposit银行存款；demanddeposit活期存款；pettycurrentdeposit小额(零存)活期存款；ondeposit储存;timedeposit定期存款；depositsth.With把某物存放在...scatter//vt.离散，分散[例]Thefarmerscatteredthecornintheyardforthehens.农民把谷子撒在院子里喂鸡。[同义]spread,disperselocation//n.位置,场所,特定区域[例]Havetheydecidedonthelocationofthenewbuildingyet?这座新建筑的位置你们定下来了吗？horizon//n.地平线[例]Icouldseeashiponthehorizon.我可以看见地平线上有一艘轮船。[派生]horizontal//adj.地平线的,水平的[固定搭配]onthehorizon在地平线上;在遥远的将来convenience//n.便利,方便,有益[例]Gasisoneofthemodernconveniencesthenewly-builtapartmentbuildingprovides.这座新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。[派生]convenient//adj.便利的,方便的register//n.记录,登记簿vt.记录,登记,注册vi.1登记,注册2挂号[例]Themachineregisteredhowfastweweregoing.这台机器指示出我们进行得有多快。track//n.1轨迹,车辙2跟踪,vt.循路而行,追踪,vi.追踪[例]Thehunterfollowedtheanimal'stracks.猎人追踪动物的足迹。efficient//adj.有效率的,能干的[例]Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone.这台新复印机比那台旧的效率高。[同义]effective,competent,capable[派生]efficiency//n.效率,功效personnel//n.人员,职员[例]Allpersonnelwereaskedtoparticipate.全体员工都被要求参加。[同义]staffstaff//n.全体职员,供给人员,充当职员[例]Thecompanyhasgotastaffofabout40.这家公司大约有40名雇员。assignment//n.1分配,委派2任务,课外；作业[例]Whataretoday'sassignment?今天的作业是什么?[派生]assign//vt.分配,指派,赋值accordingly//adv.因此,从而[例]Hewasaskedtoleavethecityandaccordinglyhewent.有人叫他离开该城市,所以他就走了。[派生]accord//n.一致,符合,vt.一致accordance//n.一致,和谐identify//v.识别,鉴别,把…和…看成一样,确定[例]Thatpoliticianistoocloselyidentifiedwiththeformergovernmenttobecomeaministerinours.那位政客被认为与上届政府关系过于密切,不能成为本届政府里的部长。[同义]recognize,distinguish[派生]identification/,/n.辨认,鉴定,证明,identity//n.同一，一致,身份promotional//adj.增进的,奖励的[派生]promotion//n.促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升promote//vt.促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升为campaign//n.竞选运动参加活动,从事活动；作战[例]Grant'sVicksburgcampaignsecuredtheentireMississippifortheUnion.格兰特的维克伯格战役为联邦挽救了整个密西西比.manufacturer//n.制造业者,厂商[例]Thewashingmachinedoesn’twork,sowesentitbacktothemanufacturers.这台洗衣机坏了，所以我们把它送回制造厂家。[派生]manufacture//v.制造,加工n.制造,制造业；产品analyz//vt.分析,分解[例]Thescientistanalyzedthemilkandfounditcontainedtoomuchwater.科学家分析了一下牛奶，发现里面含水分过多。[反义]synthesize[派生]analysis//n.分析,分解analyst//n.分析家,分解者emphasize//vt.强调,着重,n.强调[例]Imustemphasizethefactthattheyareonlychildren.我必须强调这一事实,即他们只不过是孩子。[反义]ignore,neglect[派生]emphasis//n.强调,重点raw//adj.未加工的,生疏的,处于自然状态的,n.擦伤[例]Allthesearerawmaterials.这些都是原材料。numerous//adj.众多的,许多的,无数的[例]Thosebirdshavebecomemorenumerouslately.近来那种鸟变得越来越多了。[同义]many,alotofcommercial//adj.商业的,贸易的[例]Acommercialcollegeteachesthingsthatwouldbeusefulinbusiness.商学院教授那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。[派生]commerce/,/n.商业utility//n.效用,有用[例]Acommodityorservice,suchaselectricity,water,orpublictransportation,thatisprovidedbyapublicutility.公用事业：由公用事业公司提供的商品或服务，如电力，水和公共交通[派生]utilize//v.利用processor//n.处理机处理器[例]awoodpulpprocessor纸浆加工机[派生]process//n.过程,作用,方法,程序,vt.加工processive//adj.前进的,进行的,向前的1994年text3exceptional//adj.例外的,异常的[例]"Allherchildrenareclever,buttheyoungestdaughterisreallyexceptional.""她的孩子们都很聪明,但最小的女儿尤为突出。"[派生]exception//n.除外,例外,反对,异议,except//v.把…除外,反对,不计,反对,除了…之外,若不是,除非,只是,要不是significant//adj.有意义的,重大的,重要的[例]Itisasignificantchangeinthetaxlaws.税务法律中的一个重大变化。[派生]significance//n.意义,重要性adult//n.成人,成年人adj.成人的,成熟的[例]Theadultsinthefamilylikethefrontpage,theeditorialpage,andtheworldnewssection.家里的大人们喜欢头一版,即社论版,和世界新闻栏。potential/,/adj.潜在的,可能的,n.1,潜能,潜力,2电压[例]Everyseedisapotentialplant.每粒种子都可能长成植物。[同义]possible,hidden,underlying[反义]actualadapt//v.使适应,改编[例]WhenhemovedtoCanada,thechildrenadaptedtothechangeverywell.他移居加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。[同义]adjust[反义]alter，change，modify，vary[派生]adaptation//n.适应,改编,改写本[固定搭配]adaptfor,使适合于,adaptfrom,根据,改写；adaptoneselfto,使自己适应或习惯于某事；adaptsthto使某事物适应或适合capture//n.捕获；战利品,vt.俘获,捕获,夺取[例]Thestatevisitbythepremiercapturedtheheadlinesofallnewspapers.总理的国事访问各报都用大标题登出。[同义]arrest，imprison，seize[反义]releaseaware//adj.知道的,明白的,意识到的[例]Wewerequiteaware(of)howyouwouldrespondtoourterms.我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件会有什么反应。[同义]conscious，knowing，realizing[反义]ignorant，unaware[派生]awareness//n.知道,晓得[固定搭配]beawareof知道,意识到scenery//n.风景,景色[例]Thesceneryinthemountainsisverybeautiful.山里的景色非常美。generation//n.1产生，发生2一代，一代人[例]Webelongtothesamegeneration.我们是同龄人。[派生]generate/,/n.产生,发生generator//n.发电机,发生器prejudice//n.1偏见,成见2损害v.侵害,损害[例]Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice.法官不应存有偏见。decade//n.十年,十[例]Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.在过去的十年间，物价一直在上涨。indicate//vt.1指出,显示2象征,预示3需要4简要地说明[例]Inthismap,thetownsareindicatedbyareddot.在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。[同义]hint，implydeserve//v.应受,值得,应受[例]Thesepeopledeserveourhelp.这些人值得我们帮助。[固定搭配]deserveillof有罪[功]于；deservewellof有罪[功]于；deservebetterof有罪[功]于；rightlydeserve完全应得(惩罚)capability//n.实际,能力,性能,容量,接受力[例]Thelittlegirlhasgreatcapabilityasasingerandshouldbetrained.这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练。[同义]ability，capacity，competency，efficiency，fitness，power，talentdemocratic//adj.民主的,民主主义的；民主政体的[例]“aproperdemocraticscornforbloateddukesandlords”(GeorgeduMaurier)“真正的民主对发胖的贵族和地主嗤之以鼻”(乔治·杜·莫里耶)[派生]democracy//n.民主政治,民主主义denote//vt.指示,表示[例]Themark‘∧’denotesaplaceofomission.“∧”记号指示有脱漏的地方。[同义]imply，indicate，signifyequality/,/n.等同性,同等,平等,相等,等式[例]Allthreechildrenhaveequalityinourfamily—theyarealltreatedinthesameway.三个小孩在我们家都是平等的，他们都被同等对待。interpreter//n.1解释程序2解释者,口译人员；翻译员[例]“Anactorisaninterpreterofothermen'swords,oftenasoulwhichwishestorevealitselftotheworld”(AlecGuinness)“演员是他人话语的口译员，通常是一个希望向世界展示自己的人物”(亚历克·吉尼斯)[派生]interpriet//v.解释,说明,口译,通译,认为是…的意思opportunity//n.机会,时机[例]I'llhaveanotheropportunitytovisittheexhibitionnextyear.明年我们还有一次机会参观这个展览会。[同义]chance，occasioncapacity//n.1容量,生产量2智能,才能,能力[例]Ihavecomeinthecapacityofalegaladviser.我是以法律顾问的身份来的。confirm//v.确定,批准,确认[基督教中]给…行按手礼[例]Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessagebywritingtome.请给我来封信，好进一步证实你在电话中传达的消息。[同义]establish，prove，verify[反义]contradict，deny，disproveappropriate//adj.适当的[例]Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.他的便服,不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。[同义]suitable，proper[反义]inappropriate，unfit，unsuitablemodify//vt.更改,修改,修改[例]TheequipmentmaybemodifiedtoproduceVCDsets.这设备可以经过改装用来生产光碟机。[派生]madification//n.更改,修改,修正substantially/,/adv.主要地；实质上地重大地[例]Theplanwassubstantiallyfulfilled.这个计划被实质性的执行了。[派生]substance//n.物质,实质,主旨substantial//adj.坚固的实质的,真实的,充实的1994年text4confidence//n.信心[例]“Themostvitalqualityasoldiercanpossessisself-confidence,utter,completeandbumptious”(GeorgeS.Patton).“一个士兵所拥有的最重要的品格是自信、果断、彻底和骄傲”（乔治·S·巴顿）。[同义]assurance[反义]doubt,distrust,diffidencevast/v/adj.巨大的,辽阔的,巨额的[例]Thecityisvastcomparedtoourvillage.和我们村相比，这个城市非常大。[同义]enormous，gigantic，great，huge，immense，largeinfection//n.传染,传染病；影响[例]Peoplewithhepatitiswhoworkinrestaurantsoftenpassontheinfectioninthefood.在餐馆工作的肝炎患者经常通过食物把这种病传染给他人。[派生]inflect//v.传染,感染survive//v.幸免于,幸存,生还[例]Themanwasveryill,buthesurvived.这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。[同义]continue，outlast，outlive，remain[反义]perish[派生]survival//n.生存,幸存,残存；幸存者,残存物statistic//n.统计学,统计表[例]Rememberthatthesestatisticsdescribecollegefreshmenin1972.要记住,这些统计数据是关于一九七二年时的一年级生情况的。existence//n.存在,实在,生活,存在物,实在物[例]Theelephantisthelargestlandanimalinexistence.大象是现有的最大的陆上动物。[派生]exist//v.存在,生存,生活,继续存在cosmic//adj.宇宙的[例]Planetswereformedoutofcosmicdust.行星是由宇宙尘形成的。dormant//adj.睡眠状态的,静止的,隐匿的[例]Thereisadormantvolcano.有一座休眠火山。[同义]inactive，sleepinginvolve//v.包括,笼罩；潜心于,使陷于;关于[例]Allthechildrenwereinvolvedintheschoolplay.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。mysterious//adj.神秘的[例]They'rebeingverymysteriousabouttheirholidayplans.关于他们的度假计划,他们显得很神秘。[派生]mystery//n.神秘,神秘的事物initiate//v.开始,发动,传授开始,发起[例]Thebookwaswrittentoinitiatetooutsidersinthemysteriesofthetrade.写这本书是为了让外行初步了解这一行业的奥秘。[同义]begin,start,introduce,admit,receive[派生]initiation/,/n.开始evolutionary//adj.进化的[例]Itisanevolutionaryphenomenon.那是一个进化现象。[派生]evolve//v.使…发展,使…进展,使…进化,evolution/,,/n.进展,发展,演变,进化prospect//n.景色,前景,前途；期望,v.寻找,勘探[例]Theprospectingteamploughedtheirwaythroughthesnows.勘探队排雪前进。[同义]perspective,outlook[派生]propective//adj.预期的[固定搭配]inprospect可期待;有...希望;在考虑中，openupprospects(for)为...开辟前景counteract//v.抵消,中和[例]Thisdrugshouldcounteractthepoison.这药可消解毒性。1994年text5technology//n.技术,工艺,工程,方法制造，[例]Scienceandtechnologyisthesymbolofthemodernsociety.科技是现代社会的标志。[派生]technological//adj.科技的technologist//n.技术专家,工艺学家,工艺人员dramatic//adj.戏剧性的,动人的[例]Themountains,blue–greenglaciers,andotherdramaticsightsareattractingmoreandmoretouristseachyear.连绵的山峦，翠绿的冰川，以及其他许多惊心动魄的景色年年吸引着越来越多的游客。[同义]significant,noticeable[派生]dramatic//n.(在舞台上演的)戏剧,戏剧艺术dramatics//n.业余演出(或创作的)戏剧,戏剧效果legend//n.传说,传奇，伟人传；图例[例]Heisalegendinhisownlifetimeforhisscientificdiscoveries.他在他那时代是科学发明界的传奇人物。[派生]legendary//n.传奇故事书,传奇文学adj.传说中的mold//n.1模子,铸型2霉3性格,气质,,vt.浇铸,塑造[例]Heiscastinhisfather'smold.他长得和他父亲一模一样。[派生]moldy//adj.发霉的,腐臭的antibacterial//adj.抗菌的n.抗菌药[例]Thechemistexperimentedformanytimesandatlasthediscoveredtheantibacterialsubstances.这个药剂师实验了很多次，最终发现了这些抗菌物质。innovation//n.创新,革新,改革,新发明[例]Theinnovationofairtravelduringthiscenturyhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.本世纪发明的空中飞行似乎使世界变小了。[派生]innovation//vi.改革,创新innovative//adj.创新的,革新(主义)的prime//n.最初,青春,精华,,adj.1主要的,最初的,有青春活力的2最好的v.1预先准备好,<口>让人吃(喝)足,,2灌注,填装[例]1灌注：Theyprimedthelampwithoil.他们为灯加满了油。2最好：Springistheprimetimeforplantingtrees.春天是植树的最好时间。[派生]primely//adv.最初,最好地,极好地[同义]chief,leading,main,principal[反义]subordinateapproach//n.1接近,逼近,走进,2方法,步骤,途径,通路vt.1接近2动手处理,,vi.靠近[例]1接近：Theperformanceapproachesperfection.表演近乎完美2方法：Theapproachisperfect.这是一个完美的方案。[同义]reach,comenear[反义]separate,partconsciously/,/adv.有意识地,自觉地[例]Hewasbadlyhurtandcouldnotthinkconsciously.他伤的很重不能有意识的想问题。[派生]conscious//adj.知道的，意识到的有知觉的；处于清醒状态的fanciful//adj.爱空想的,,奇怪的,,稀奇的,,想像的[例]Yourideaisratherfanciful.你的想法颇为虚悬。[派生]fancy//adj.奇特的,,异样的,v.想象,设想,认为,爱好,自负n,爱好,迷恋,想象力abstraction//n.1抽象概念2提取,萃取,抽出3不切实际的观念4出神5引水,抽血[例]Theideaofrednessisanabstraction.,红色概念是一种抽象概念。[派生]abstract//n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的,v.摘要,提炼,抽象化abstractianism//n.【美】抽象主义,抽象派艺术professional//n.自由职业者,专业人员,职业运动员,职业艺人adj.专业的,职业的[例]Alawyerisaprofessionalman.律师是从事专门职业的人。[同义]occupational,vocational[反义]amateur[派生]profession//n.职业,专业,表白,宣布virtue//n.德行,美德,优点[例]Honestyisavirtue.诚实是一种美德。[同义]morality,merit,goodness[反义]vice[派生]virtuous//adj.善良的,有道德的,贞洁的,有效力的[固定搭配]byvirtueof由于；靠…的力量(=invirtueof)；womanofeasyvirtue（和许多男人发生性关系的）水性女子；authority//n.权威；权威人士；著作权威[例]Deputiesweregivenauthoritytomakearrests.代表们被授予拘捕权[同义]right,power[派生]authorization//n.授权,认可authorize//v.,批准authorized//adj.权威认可的,审定的,经授权的plastic/,/n.1塑胶,可塑体,塑料制品,2整形adj.塑胶的,塑造的,有可塑性的,造形的[例]plasticcups塑料杯plasticsurgery整形外科garbage//n.垃圾,废物[例]Theiradviceturnedouttobenothingbutgarbage.他们的意见仅仅是废话[同义]junk,litter,refuse,rubbish,trash,wasteproposition//n.主张,建议；问题,vi.,提议,建议[例]Findinganaffordableapartmentwillbeadifficultproposition.要找到一间付得起的公寓是件难事[同义]suggestion[派生]propose//vt.计划,建议,向...提议,求(婚),vi.打算,求婚apparently//adv.显然地,明白,外观上地[例]Iwasn’tthere,butapparentlyshetriedtodrownhim.我当时并不在场，不过她显然想把他淹死。[同义]evidentlyaltermate//adj.交替的,轮流的；预备的v.交替,轮流,改变[例]Hislifeseemsverydullandalternatesbetweenworkandsleep.他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。[同义]periodic,rotate,change[反义]consecutive,successive,sequent[派生]alternation//n.交替,轮流,间隔alternative//n.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的bound//n.,跃进,跳,范围,限度,adj.正要启程的,开往...去的,被束缚的,装订的,v.跳跃,,限制[例]1跳：Hisheartboundedwithexcitement.他兴奋得心头砰砰直跳。2限度Ourjoyknewnobounds.我们快乐无比。[同义]jump,leap[固定搭配]beboundto必定,一定；beboundupin热心于,专心致志于；beboundupwith与……有密切联系;与……利益一致；1995年text1distribution//n.1分配,分发；配给物2销售3发行[例]Thedistributionofthepaperis7000.该报的销售量为7000份。[同义]allocation[派生]distribute/,/vt.分发,分配,分类,分区v.分发reasonable//adj.合理的,有道理的,讲道理的[例]areasonableman通情达理的人[同义]fair，just，justifiable，logical，practical，rational，realistic，sane[反义]unreasonable//adj.不讲道理的,不合理的,过度的,不切实际的thereby//adv.1因此,从而2在那方面,在那附近[例]Hebecameacitizen,therebygainingtherighttovote.他成了公民，因此有投票权。export//vt.输出n.1输出,出口2出口商品v.出口[例]Chinaexportstomanyothercountriesregions.中国向许多其它国家和地区出口货物。[同义]ship[反义]import//n.1进口货(常用复数),进口,输入2重要性vt.1输入,进口2含...的意思；重要vi.有关系,有重要性enormously//adv.1非常地2巨大地[例]I'menormouslygratefulforyourhelp.我万分感谢你的帮助。ensure//vt.保证,担保,使安全v.确保,确保,保证[例]Ourprecautionsensuredoursafety.我们的预防措施保证了我们的安全[同义]assure,defend,guarantee,guard,makecertain,protecttherefore//adv.因此,所以[例]Hehasbrokenhislegandthereforehecan'twalk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。[同义]accordingly,consequently,henceeffective//adj.1有效的；被实施的2给人深刻印象,有生力量[例]Thelawiseffectiveimmediately.这项法律立即生效[反义]ineffective//adj.无效的,(指人)工作效率低的[派生]effect//n.1结果,效果2作用,影响,(在视听方面给人流下的)印象vt.实现,达到(目的等)guarantee//n.1保证,保证书,担保2抵押品vt.保证,担保[例]Lackofinterestisaguaranteeoffailure.缺乏兴趣肯定会导致失败[同义]assure,certify,endorse,pledge,promise,secure,sponsor,swear,warrant[固定搭配]bankguarantee银行担保；bidguarantee投标担保,承包担保；buyer'screditguarantee买方信贷担保；cashguarantee保证金；parliament//n.国会,议会[例]Parliamentmakeslaws.议会制订法律。[派生]parliamentary//adj.议会的promote//vt.1促进,发扬2提升,提拔,晋升为[例]Ourteacherhasbeenpromotedtoheadmaster.我们的老师已被提升为校长了。[反义]degrade//v.(使)降级,(使)堕落,(使)退化[派生]promotion//n.1促进,发扬2提升,提拔,晋升mercifully//adv.仁慈的,慈悲的[例]Thisletterismercifullybrief.这封信十分的简短。[派生]mercy//n.仁慈,宽恕,怜悯merciful//adj.仁慈的,慈悲的inferior//adj.1下等的,下级的,差的,次的2自卑的,劣等的[例]Captainisaninferiorranktomajor.上尉是低于少校的一个官阶[同义]lesser,lower,secondary,subordinate,worse[反义]superior//n.长者,高手,上级adj.较高的,上级的,上好的,出众的,高傲的[固定搭配]beinferiorto在之下;次于;不如；besb.'sinferiorin在方面不及某人；inferiorbycomparison相形见绌；proof//n.1证据,试验,考验2[印刷]校样adj.1不能透入的2证明用的,防...的；有耐力的vt.1检验,校对2使不被穿透[例]Iswhatyousayaguessorhaveyourproof?你所说的是猜测还是有证据呢？[同义]evidenceexcessively//adv.过分地,非常地[例]"Besides,excessivelylargemassesofhumanbeingsworkinginasinglegiganticbuildingoverburdenpublictransportation.""此外,许许多多的人在一幢大楼里上班工作,加重了公共交通的负担。"[派生]excess/,/n.过度,剩于,无节制,超过adj.过度的,额外的distinction//n.1区别,差别,级别；特性2声望,显赫[例]Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweentheprimaryandsecondarycontradictions.要区分主要矛盾和次要矛盾。[派生]distinct//adj.清楚的,明显的,截然不同的,独特的confine//vt.限制,禁闭n.界限,边界[例]Pleaseconfineyourremarkstotheissuesathand.请你把话题局限在手头的问题上[同义]contain,enclose,imprison,keepin,restrain,surround[反义]liberate//v.解放,释放[派生]confined//adj.被限制的,狭窄的,分娩的confinement//n.(被)限制,(被)禁闭,产期,分娩merely//adv.仅仅,只,不过[例]Imerelylookedatthechocolate;Ididnoteatit.我只不过看了看巧克力，我没有吃。[同义]barely,only,purely,simply[派生]mere//adj.仅仅的,起码的,纯粹的subtly//adv.敏锐地,精细地,巧妙地[例]Newsmediasubtlyinfluencestheattitudesofourlife.新闻媒体很巧妙地影响着我们的生活态度。[派生]subtle//adj.狡猾的,敏感的,微妙的,精细的,稀薄的personality//n.1个性,人格；人物,名人2(用复数)诽谤、人身攻击[例]Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好[同义]identity,individuality1995年text2external//adj.1外部的,客观的,,[医]外用的2外国的n.外部,外面[例]Aninternalsenseofrighteousnessdwindlesintoanexternalconcernforreputation?A.R.Gurney,Jr.)“内心的正义感变成对外在名誉的关心”(小A.R.格尼)[同义]exterior，outer，outside，surface[反义]internal//adj.内在的,国内的measure//n.1尺寸,量度器,量度标准2方法,测量,措施vt.1测量,测度,估量2分派,权衡,调节vi.量[例]1测量：Thestandardkilogramismaintainedasameasureofmass.标准的千克是测量质量的量度2较量Shemeasuredherpowerwiththatofadangerousadversary.她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量[同义]appraise，assess，compare，estimate，grade，rank，rate，size[固定搭配]measureup（常与to连用）合格；符合（标准）contrast//vt.使与...对比,使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比,对照,(对照中的)差异[例]Mynewschoolwasawelcomecontrasttotheonebefore.我的新学校比以前的好多了。[同义]compare，liken，match，measuredefinition//n.1定义2解说3精确度,(轮廓影像等的)清晰度[例]Goodphotographshavedefinition.好的照片都很清晰。[派生]define//vt.定义,详细说明,definite//adj.明确的,一定的specific//n.1特效药2细节adj.1详细而精确的,明确的2特殊的,特效的,,[生物]种的[例]Iwantaspecificanswer.我想要一个明确的回答。[同义]definite，fixed，particular，precise，special[反义]general//n.1普通2将军3概要adj.1一般的,普通的2综合的,概括的,全面的,大体的n.常规[派生]specify//vt.1指定2详细说明,列入清单specification//n.详述,规格,说明书,规范signpost//n.路标[例]Weusuallyputupsignpostsonthehighwayforthedrivers.我们经常在高速公路上为司机们设立些路标。landmark//n.1(航海)陆标,地界标,里程碑2划时代的事[例]ThePotalaPalaceisTibet’scardinallandmarkandastructurethatdeservesaplaceasoneofthewondersofeasternarchitecture.布达拉宫是西藏标志性的建筑，它能被认为是东方建筑的奇迹之一。[同义]milestone，pointattitude//n.姿势,态度，意见[例]People'sattitudetowardstheskyscrapersvarieswidely.人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。[同义]opinion，position，standpoint，viewpointencounter//v.遭遇,遇到,相遇n.遭遇,遭遇战[例]Theyoungscientistsencounteredmanydifficultiesduringtheirexploration.年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了许多困难。[同义]battle，collide，comeacross，confront，meet，opposeobstacle//n.障碍,妨害物[例]Wecombatobstaclesinordertogetrepose?HenryAdams).“为了获得歇息，我们与困难斗争”（亨利·亚当斯）。[同义]barrier，block，deterrent，hindrance，hitch，impedimentobstruction，snag，stoppage[反义]help//n.帮忙,补救办法,助手,治疗,<美>佣工vt.帮助,助长,接济,治疗,款待vi.有用,救命,招待challenge//n.挑战vt.向...挑战[例]Hechallengedmetoplayanothertennisgame.他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。[同义]confront,dare,defy,dispute,doubt,question[派生]challenging//adj.引起挑战性兴趣的,挑逗的risk//vt.冒...的危险n.冒险,风险[例]Hisactionriskedasharpreprisal.他的行为冒着极可能遭到报复的危险[同义]chance,endanger,expose,gamble,hazard,imperil,jeopardize,venture[反义]safety//n.安全,保险,安全设备,保险装置[固定搭配]run[take]theriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事；takenorisks慎重行事；atrisk在危险中；confront//vt.使面临,对抗[例]Iwishtoconfrontmyaccuserinacourtoflaw.我希望和控告我的人当庭对质[同义]encounter,face,oppose[派生]confrontation//n.面对,面对面,对质essential//adj.1本质的,实质的,基本的2提炼的,精华的n.1本质,实质2要素,要点[例]Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?[同义]basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required,vital[派生]essence//n.基本,,[哲]本质,香精perceive//vt.察觉v.感知,感到,认识到[例]IperceivedthatIcouldnotmakeherchangehermind.我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。[同义]detect,distinguish,experience,feelmakeout,observe,recognizesense[派生]perception//n.理解,感知,感觉,DPS公司出的数字影像压缩卡perceptive//adj.有理解的tend//vi.趋向,往往是vt.照管,护理[例]Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。[同义]administer,attend,bend,carefor,foster,help,incline[派生]tendency//n.趋向,倾向indecisive/,/adj.非决定性的[例]Therearenoindecisiveboundariesbetweenthetwoopinions.这两种意见界线分明。[反义]decisive//adj.决定性的timidity//n.胆怯[例]Histimiditypreventedhimfromaskinghertothedance.他由于胆怯没敢邀请她去参加舞会。[派生]timid//adj.胆小的,羞怯的hesitate//v.犹豫,踌躇,不愿[例]Hehesitatedbeforeheansweredbecausehedidn'tknowwhattosay.他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。[同义]falter，flounder，letup，pause，rest，waver[反义]dare，decide，determine[派生]hesitation//n.犹豫,踌躇cope//vi.(善于)应付,(善于)处理[例]Sheisnotacompetentdriverandcan'tcopewithdrivinginheavytraffic."她不是个能干的司机,在交通拥挤时就开不好车。"[同义]face，putup，struggleinsecurity//n.不安全,不安全感[例]Thechild’sfeelingofinsecuritywascausedbyhismother’searlydeath.这孩子无依无靠的感觉是由于他母亲早死所造成的。[反义]security//n.安全[派生]secure//adj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的v.保护unavoidable//adj.不能避免的,不能取消的[例]anunavoidableaccident必然会发生的事故[同义]certain，inescapable，inevitable，sure[反义]avoidable//adj.可避免的overcome//vt.战胜,克服,胜过vi.得胜[例]Wewereovercomewithjoy.我们喜出望外。[同义]conquer，defeat，driveoff，frustrate，overpower，surmount[反义]submit//v.使)服从,(使)顺从vt.提交,递交cease//v.停止,终了[例]Weworkedwithoutceasetogettheprojectfinishedontime.我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划[同义]discontinue，end，halt，qu