中小学英文写作

中小学英文写作Why?1.综合能力考查。2.重头戏也是重灾区。它是词汇、语法、阅读、遣词、造句、篇章结构、逻辑思维的全面反映。考试分值占10—18分。《英语课程标准》对写作的五级要求：能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材。能独立起草短文、书信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改。3.能使用常见的连接词和逻辑关系。4.能简单描述人物或事件。5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。写作的五大文体1.记叙文2.说明文3.描写文4.议论文5.应用文记叙文（Narrative)三个特性强调“写实”，记述人的经历和事物的发展过程。1.真实性2.有序性3.过程性（6要素）人，时，地，因，过，结Lastyear,IvisitedBeijing.Ialwayslookedforwardtovisitingthere.SoIwassoexcitedthatIcouldn’tfallasleeponthenightbeforeIstarted.Igotupearlyandpackedmybackpackforthejourney.Inmypack,Iputacamera,someclothes,acellphoneandsoon.Ittookme35hourstogotherebytrain.IvisitedsomeplacesofinterestinBeijing,suchastheGreatWall,theMingTombsandsoon.Theyareverybeautiful?Ienjoyedmyself.IfelttiredbutexcitedbecauseIhavelearnedalotaboutthehistoryofthecity.AssoonasIarrivedhome,Iphonedmyclassmatesandtoldthemaboutme.说明文(Expositive)说明一个事物的本质特征、构造、性质、功能、方位、空间及用途等。四大特性1.科学性2.客观性（如实）3.知识性（言简意赅）4.有序性（逻辑顺序）

Iliveinaflat.Whenyougoinyoucomeintothehall.Thetoiletisontheleftandthebathroomisontheright.Therearetwodoorsinfrontofyou.Thedoorontheleftleadstoabedroom.Thedoorontherightleadstoalivingroom.Whenyougointothelivingroomtherearetwodoorsontheright.Thefirstdoorleadstothekitchen.Theseconddoorleadstothediningroom.Thereisalsoanotherdoorontheleftneartheendofthelivingroom.Thisdoorleadstothesecondbedroom.Thereisabalconyinfrontofthelivingroomandthesecondbedroom.

描写文(Descriptive)描写人、事、景物的特征和心理活动。四大特性1.生动性2.夸张性3.逻辑性4.文学性

MyHomeTown

Myhometownisabeautifulplace,butitisnotverybig.Itstandsbesideawideriveratthefootoflowgreenhills.Thereareabouteleventhousandpeopleinit.Thestreetsarewideandstraight,andtherearemanynewhousesandshopsalongthem.Thereisamodernhospitalandsomefineschools.Youcanseetreesandflowerseverywhere.

Butwhatwerethingslikeinthetownintheolddays?Itissaidthatitwasasad,dirtylittletown.Therewereonlyaboutseveralthousandpeopleinit.Lifewasgoodforthefewrichfamilies.Buttherestofthepeoplewerepoor.

Theirlifewasmiserable.Theylivedindark,unhealthyroomsinoldbuildingsandhutsonnarrowmuddystreets.Manyhadnoworkandtheirchildrenoftenwenthungry.

Everythinghaschangednow.Thepeoplehavegotridofthemudanddirt.Theyhaveputupschools,theaters,shopsandflats.Theyhaveanassemblyhallwhichcanseattwothousandpeople.Alongtherivertheyhavebuiltoffices,hotelsandabigpark.Factorieswithtallchimneyshavesprungup.Ontheriversteamersandboatscomeandgobusily,dayandnight.Theycarryproductsofourindustriestoallpartsoftheprovince.

Ilovemyhometown,andloveitspeople,too.议论文(Argument)对人、事进行争论的文体。三大要素1.论点(argument)2.论据(groundsofargument)3.论证(demonstration)明确充分呼应

I

don'tthinkfollowingfashionisgoodforstudents.Asweallknow,fashionisalwayschangable.Therefore,followingfashionmeansyouhavetospendlotsoftimefocusingonwhatitisgoingtowards.Besides,fashionisupdateallthetime.Onsomeaspect,itmeansnewclosesandwearings.However,studentsdon‘thavetheabilitytomakemoneyandeventhoughparentswillgivethempocketmoney,itisimpossiblethattheyhaveenoughextramoneytofollowfashion.What’sworse,followingfashionmusthaveabadinfluenceontheirstudy.应用文(Practicalwriting)日常生活工作中常用的、短小的文体。如广告、通知、日记、信件等。三个特性1.应用性2.简洁性3.时间性

NOTICE

We‘regoingtohaveinterestingactivitiesintheschoollibraryat8:00a.monNovember20,2002.Bythen,someofuswillreadpoemsandsomewilltellstories.Youcanalsohearwonderfulsingingandwatchbeautifuldancingthere.Wehopealltheseniorstudentscancomeandjoinintheactivities.Alltheheadmasterswillbeinvitedtoouractivitiesasrepresentativesofteachers.Pleasegetoneperformancereadybecausesomeofyouwillprobablybeaskedtogiveusone．

StudentsofClass3,Senior2.

November11,2002.How?（好方法）一.长线（“三大习惯”的培养）二.短线（应试技巧）

三大习惯培养：

2.背诵3.写日记1.造句关键词：造句1.扩词Agirl

-----abeautifulgirl

-----abeautifulandsmartgirl

-----abeautifulandsmartgirlnamedHelen2.扩句Aboyiseating。

----Aforeignboyiseating。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseating。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodles。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodleswithtwoforks。

----Aforeignboy,sittingatthetable,iseatingabowlofnoodleswithtwoforksthesamewayasweChineseholdchopsticks3.改写句子，制造亮点

Iloveyou.----It’syouthatIlove.—It’syouthatIdolove。

Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion(莎士比亚)

---Tostudyornottostudy,thatisaquestion

---Toloveornottolove,thatisaquestion。

---Togoornottogo,thatisaquestion

---Toplayornottoplay,thatisaquestion。关键词：背诵背诵前：推荐范文“语言地道，结构清晰，特点鲜明”2.划出背诵的重难点。句式和连接词3.背课文的方法。第一种：连接词背诵。第二种：关键词背诵。

Idon'tthinkfollowingfashionisgoodforstudents.Asweallknow,fashionisalwayschangable.Therefore,followingfashionmeansyouhavetospendlotsoftimefocusingonwhatitisgoingtowards.Besides,fashionisupdateallthetime.Onsomeaspect,itmeansnewclosesandwearings.However,studentsdon‘thavetheabilitytomakemoneyandeventhoughparentswillgivethempocketmoney,itisimpossiblethattheyhaveenoughextramoneytofollowfashion.What’sworse,followingfashionmusthaveabadinfluenceontheirstudy.关键词：写日记或作文如何培养？1.布置作文。2.详细批改作文。短线关键词：技巧及原则1.内容完整，语句流畅，无语法错误，书写规范，给9-10分;2.内容较完整，语句较流畅，基本无语法错误，书写较规范，给6-8分;3.内容不完整，语句欠流畅，语法错误较多，书写较规范，给3-5分;4.只写出个别要点，语法错误较多，书写欠规范，只有个别句子可读或不知所云，给0-2分。中考作文的评分标准三段五步法2.准备考前针对性的资料。三段五步法“三段”议论文：论点---论据（论点支撑）---论证（总结观点）五步法：1.构思：“五审”2.遣词：有意识的强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念3.造句：可以借用一些句子，稍加修饰后变为自己的。Adiamondlastsforever.钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。Friendshiplastsforever.Maternallovelastsforever.Theteachers‘lovelastsforever.4.谋篇：有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

5.润色。绝招

写作绝招一（如何写好开头和结尾）

一开头万能公式：1．开头万能公式一：名人名言Aproverbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”（适用于已记住的名言）

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：

Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…2．开头万能公式二：数字统计原理

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。TravelbyBike

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…二结尾万能公式：1.结尾万能公式一：

Obviously（此为过渡短语）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.更多过渡短语：

tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus更多句型：

Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…2．结尾万能公式二：

更多句型：

Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.写作绝招二（写作的七项基本原则）

一、长短句原则

Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二主题句原则

Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主题句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.特别提示：隐藏主题句可是要冒险的！

三、一二三原则

1）first,second,third,last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally

（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast

（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly

（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally

（强烈推荐）

6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally

（强烈推荐）

7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast

（强烈推荐）

8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally

9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand

（适用于两点的情况）

10）foronething,foranotherthing

（适用于两点的情况）

四、短语优先原则

用短语会使文章增加亮点关键时刻思维短路，凑字数很管用

Icannotbearit.Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.Iamlookingforwardtoit.五、多实少虚原则

nicegenerous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospitalwalkoutoftheroomslipoutoftheroom小偷

sailoutoftheroom小姐

danceoutoftheroom小孩

staggeroutoftheroom老人六、多变句式原则

1）加法（串联）

IenjoymusicandheisfondofplayingguitarNotonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短语可以用：

besides,furthermore,otherwise,moreover2）转折（拐弯抹角）

Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.Thecoatwasthin,butitwaswarm.

更多的短语：

despitethat,still,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,notwithstanding3）因果（so,so,so）

Thesnowbegantofall,sowewenthome.

更多短语：

then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthis4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形ThisiswhatIcando.Whetherhecangowithusornotisnotsure.Whentogo,Whyhegoesaway…5）附加（多此一举）

Themanwhomyoumetyesterdayisafriendofmine.Idon’tenjoythatbookyouarereading.Mrliu,ouroralEnglishteacher,iseasy-going.6）排比（排山倒海句）

Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.

（气势恢宏）七、挑战极限原则

写作绝招三

（文章主体段落三大杀手锏）

一、举实例思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！

更多句型：

Totake…asanexample,Oneexampleis…,Anotherexampleis…,forexample

二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；

相似的比较：

incomparison,otherwise,similarly,inthesamemanner

相反的比较：

ontheotherhand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,incontrast,onthecontrary,comparedwith…,…

三、换言之,没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地