外研版高中英语必修三 （Disaster and hope）SectionⅢ 新课件

SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing

语法专项突破写作能力提升课后限时训练名著赏析•素养提能省略为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：一、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1．省略共同的主语或宾语。◆Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittotheteacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。◆JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。◆Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。◆Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)．他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。二、复合句中的省略1．状语从句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。◆As(itis)scheduled，weparticipatedinseveralinstructiveactivities.按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。◆Whenever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。◆Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.过街时要当心车辆。[温馨提示](1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主谓关系，则使用现在分词；若构成动宾关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。◆When(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加热的时候冰可以变成水。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。◆Theydon'tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。◆HerunsasfastasBob(runs)．他和鲍勃跑得一样快。2．定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which，whom可省略。◆Thecomputer(which)Iwantedtobuywassoldout.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。(2)在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。◆Idon'tliketheway(that)hespeakstome.我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...或such...as...引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。◆Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have)．我和你有同样的困难。3．宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。◆Idobelieve(that)Iamveryqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。◆Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。◆IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。三、其他的省略情况1．动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。◆Youcan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto(answerthequestion)．如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。(2)某些使役动词，如make,let,have等和感官动词，如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。◆WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.→SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被动语态)我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。◆Helikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。◆Hebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。◆—Willyougotothecinemawithme?—I'dliketo(gowithyou)．——你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？——我愿意。(5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。◆Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等着瞧。(6)当不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。◆Theydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents)．他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。2．使用so，not等时的省略为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句，与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I'mafraid等连用。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。◆—HassheeverbeentoLondon?—Idon'tthinkso.(＝Idon'tthinkshehaseverbeentoLondon.)——她曾到过伦敦吗？——我想她没去过。◆—Willitraintomorrow?—Ihopenot.(＝Ihopeitwon'traintomorrow.)——明天会下雨吗？——我希望不会。◆—Canyoucomenextweek?—I'mafraidnot.(＝I'mafraidthatIcannotcome.)——你下星期能来吗？——恐怕我不能来。Ⅰ.用省略句改写下列句子1．WhenIwasaskedhowtogettothetrainstation,Itoldhimrightaway.→_________________________________________,Itoldhimrightaway.2．Youcanaskmybrotherforhelpifitisnecessary.→Youcanaskmybrotherforhelp_______________.3．Wedon'tgotothecinemaasmuchasweusedtogotothecinema.→Wedon'tgotothecinema____________________.Whenaskedhowtogettothetrainstationifnecessary

asmuchasweusedto4．Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.→__________________________________，theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.5．Iftheexperimentcanbedonecarefully,itissuretosucceed.→____________________，theexperimentissuretosucceed.6．WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.→________________________________，Iheardmynamecalled.Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed

IfdonecarefullyWhilewalkingalongthestreet7．Whenitispossible,peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.→________________，peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.8．Helookedeverywhereasifhewasinsearchofsomething.→Helookedeverywhere______________________________.Whenpossible

asifinsearchofsomething

9．Thoughhewastired,hekeptonworkinginthefield.→____________________，hekeptonworkinginthefield.10．Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfathertoldhimnottoplaywiththeknife.→Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfather____________________.ThoughtiredtoldhimnottoⅡ.语法与写作1．除非你被邀请发言，否则你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。____________________，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2．亨利通过期末考试的可能性很小，但他仍希望通过。Henryislesslikelytopasstheend­of­termexam,buthestill_______________.3．他们的友谊一旦失去，就无法再挽回。______________，theirfriendshipwon'tbewonback.Unlessinvitedtospeak

hopesto

Oncelost4．在那家意大利餐馆里，我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。I__________________________________________onthemenuinthatItalianrestaurant.5．让我惊讶的是，我儿子的作业比预期完成得要好。Tomysurprise,mysonfinishedhishomework____________________.hadgreatdifficultyfindingthesuitablefood

betterthanexpected指导性说明文[文体分析]本写作任务要求写安全指南，属于指导性说明文。此类写作的特点是：目的明确、简洁明了、步骤清晰、操作性强。句型以祈使句为主，时态以一般现在时为主，人称多用第一人称或第二人称。本文可分三部分：第一部分：引入话题(比如：遇到有人溺水怎么办)；第二部分：说明如何施救；第三部分：总结全文(说明实施急救的重要性)。[常用句式]1．Weshouldcheckwhetherthepersoncanbreatheornot.2．Usethemouth­to­mouthmethodwithinfiveminutes.3．Laythepatientdownonacoatorsleepingbagifpossible.4．Coverthewoundwithabandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.5．Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.6．Don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrink.[写作要求]假设你是李华，你们学校的英语网站正面向全校学生征集有关安全指南的英文稿件。请你给该网站投稿，介绍交通事故方面的急救常识。内容包括：1．首先保持镇静；2．检查伤者呼吸情况，呼吸困难要实施人工呼吸；3．如伤者有出血情况要用布按压止血，然后等候救护车及警察的帮助。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[审题谋篇]体裁说明文话题如何实施急救时态一般现在时人称第二人称[词句推敲]1．词汇①反应____________________②帮助____________________③伤口____________________④核实____________________⑤注意____________________respond

assistance

wound

checkout

payattentionto2．句式①知道如何正确地应对起着重要的作用。Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.→_________________________________________canmakeabigdifference.(用强调句型改写句子)②这里有一些规则。你可以遵守这些规则。Herearesomerules.Youcanfollowtheserules.→_____________________________________(用定语从句合并句子)ItisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatHerearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.③如果有必要的话，要实施人工呼吸进行紧急救助。Ifitisnecessary,usethemouth­to­mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.→_______________，usethemouth­to­mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.(用省略句改写句子)Ifnecessary[妙笔成篇]

[参考范文]FirstAidforAccidentsIfyouhappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldyoudotosaveotherpeople'slives?Itisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatcanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.Firstly,youmuststaycalmandcallthepoliceandanambulance.Next,payattentiontotheperson'sbreathing,especiallyifheishavingtroublegettinghisbreath.Ifnecessary,usethemouth­to­mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.Besides,iftheinjuredpersonisbleeding,pressacleantowelorclothontohiswound.Finally,staywiththeinjuredpersonandcomforthimuntilthearrivalofthepoliceandambulance.名著赏析·素养提能【导读】

《谁动了我的奶酪？》是美国作家斯宾塞·约翰逊写的一个寓言故事，每页都配有主人公滑稽可爱、个性鲜明的漫画形象。该书自1998年9月出版后，两年中销售2000万册，同时迅速跃居《纽约时报》《华尔街日报》《商业周刊》最畅销图书排行榜第一名。Whomovedmycheese？(excerpt)Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.Twoweremicenamed“Sniff”and“Scurry”andtwowerelittlepeople—beingswhowereassmallasmicebutwholookedandactedalotlikepeopletoday.Theirnameswere“Hem”and“Haw”．Duetotheirsmallsize,itwouldbeeasynottonoticewhatthefourofthemweredoing.Butifyoulookedcloselyenough,youcoulddiscoverthemostamazingthings!Everyday,themiceandthelittlepeoplespenttimeintheMazelookingfortheirownspecialcheese.Themice,SniffandScurry,possessingonlysimplerodentbrains,butgoodinstincts,searchedforthehardnibblingcheesetheyliked,asmiceoftendo.Thetwolittlepeople,HemandHaw,usedtheirbrains,filledwithmanybeliefsandemotions,tosearchforaverydifferentkindofCheese—withacapitalC—whichtheybelievedwouldmakethemfeelhappyandsuccessful.Asdifferentasthemiceandlittlepeoplewere,theysharedsomethingincommon.Everymorning,theyeachputontheirjoggingsuitsandrunningshoes,lefttheirlittlehomes,