高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学(28篇)

第页共页高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学(28篇)高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇一高效课堂的核心是让每一个学生都快乐起来，因为意识决定形态。在学习上的快乐对应是学生学习兴趣的增加。兴趣是构成学生学习动机中最为活泼、最为现实的成分。有了兴趣，还会萌发创新意识，而在创新过程中会产生无穷无尽的兴趣，又再次促进创新。兴趣越大，学习的效率就越高。数学是理性很强的学科，调动学生学习兴趣直接影响到学生知识体系的建立，在教学中寻找知识的切入点，使学生快速进入最正确学习状态，是我课堂设计的重点。在教学过程中，让学生自己提问来组织教学，引导学生积极参与课堂教学、主动探究知识的来龙去脉，为他们创设动脑、动口、动手、释疑解难的时机，通过师生平等交流培养独立考虑，解决实际问题的才能，从而发挥学生的主体作用，使学生真正成为学习的主人。在学生群体合作学习的过程中，老师的任务就是当好引导者，及时点拨。合作学习的好处：第一，培养和训练了口头表达力；第二，拓宽思维，深化学生的认识；第三，可以培养合作精神。由于自尊心学生会在小组中更好调整自己的状态，争取组员间的认同。运用现代教学手段进展多媒体教学，使知识的生成更形象。可以进步学生的学习兴趣，加深对教学内容的理解，开展学生的观察才能和思维才能，获得课堂教学的高效率。高效的数学课堂是一个充满数学味的魅力课堂，也是让学生学有所得的效率课堂，还是着眼于学生全面开展的生命课堂。作为一线老师我将主动把高校课堂理念落实到教学工作中，让自己的教学变得更成熟、更有效。高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇二����������ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ïµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ç¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ä³é·ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´î´ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ô½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ô½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ö±ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ìµ½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½è¶¯ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ñµä»ï¿½ï¿½á£¬í¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ã²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½äºã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¶î½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ß½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇三通过上周六全天对高效课堂有关内容的学习，高效课堂是教学过程的最优化，教育效果的最大化，是师生配合的结晶。作为老师应不断学习、探究，使自己的课堂成为高效课堂。作为一名生物老师，在课堂上我们不仅要好好讲课，更要注重教的方法和学生学的方法，培养学生的积极性和主动性。课堂的开展是迅速，复杂多样的。不过，无论教学被注入什么样的新精神，有一点应该是不变的，那就是课堂教学应该是务实高效的。从高效课堂的理论中我有以下的体会：针对学生不同年龄段的身心特点，对不同学段的教学目的作出了科学而详细的规定。这就要求我们要认真研读《标准》，严格按照《标准》的要求对照执行。教学目的的定位。就跟打篮球一样，篮筐太高了学生再怎么努力也投不进，自然就丧失了信心；而篮筐太低了，学生就会轻而易举地灌进篮筐，当然也就没有战胜困难的喜悦。在制定教学目的时，要充分考虑到三维目的的统一。知识与技能、情感态度与价值观、过程与方法，这三个方面同等重要，缺一不可。否那么就会导致课程性质定位的偏向，造成工具性与人文性的别离。教学目的的制定还要兼顾好、中、差三个层次。根据因材施教原那么，教学目的的制定也要因人而异，不同层次的学生要求到达的目的也各不一样，要防止一概而论。要保证课堂上80%以上的学生掌握80%以上的课堂教学内容。对于优等生我们可以在课外延伸一些略带挑战性的练习；而对于那些后进生，我们也可以为他们制定一些浅层次的要求，让他们循序渐进。教学环节的设计根本采用“四步导读”的形式。第一步，在老师诱导下学生初读课文，让学生感知课文语言。第二步，在老师引导下学生细读课文，让学生理解课文语言。第三步，在老师指导下学生精读课文，让学生品评课文语言。第四步，在老师辅导下学生进展综合训练，学会运用语言。在这个过程中，学生的阅读理论活动始终处于课堂教学的中心地位，老师的一切启发引导都是为训练学生创造性地进展语言理论提供效劳。老师的“导”与学生的“读”互相浸透、相得益彰，充分表达了师生间、生生间、师生及教材之间的双向多边的互动反应。“四步导读”形式符合《标准》提出的教学理念，这样的流程的设计是合理的。当然，对于不同类型的课文也可以根据实际情况予以适当调整或删减，形成灵敏的教学风格，但其核心理念是不变的。课堂提问是教学中不可缺少的一个重要环节，是启发学生思维、传授根本知识，控制教学过程，进展课堂反应的一个重要手段。它贯穿于课堂教学的始终，直接影响着课堂教学的成败。老师必须细细揣摩，问到关键处，问到有用之处，问到学生心里去，问出程度来，才能更好的促进我们的教学，利于学生的开展。老师在课堂教学中，要通过问的技巧与艺术，表达出教学新理念。通过对高效课堂有关内容的学习，我懂得了，作为一名一线老师，在课堂上我们不仅要好好讲课，更要注重教的方法和学生学的方法，培养学生的积极性和主动性。课堂的开展是迅速，复杂多样的。不过，无论教学被注入什么样的新精神，有一点应该是不变的，那就是课堂教学应该是务实高效的,我及时运用专家的理念，努力使自己的课堂优质高效。总结：高效课堂其本质仍然是我们对新课程改革的深化推进，是施行素质教育和道德课堂的详细表达。高效课堂的提出和施行，对我们农村学校来说是一个新的挑战和开场，俗话说:“教学有法，教无定法，贵在得法”，因此课堂效果如何关键在于课堂的施行者——老师和学生，尤其是作为课堂引导者的老师，我们要深化研究、多思善想，敢于创新、勇于理论，擅长反思、总结进步。我相信我们遇到的困难一定不会不少，碰到的问题也会很多，因此我们要树立一种信念，把追求课堂教学的高效益作为自己一生孜孜不倦的追求，相信自己。高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇四����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ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ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ¸ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½,�ò¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£ºï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×»ï¿½ëµ:����ñ§ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½êµê©ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµä½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á²»ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇五什么是高效课堂呢？我认为高效课堂就是通过老师的引领和学生积极主动的学习，在单位时间内高效率、高质量地完成教学任务，促进学生获得高效开展。如何构建高效课堂，老师怎样教才是有效的，学生怎么学才是最快乐的。通过自己近两个月的教学理论，我认为应该从以下几个方面去努力。1、改变备法原来我们只习惯于备教学内容，而无视备学生。假如老师不去研究学生对所教内容的掌握情况，不去研究学生的个体差异，理解学生的实际情况，根据学生的认知规律选择课堂教学的“切入点”，合理设计教学活动。仔细考虑课堂教学中的细节问题，对于课堂上学生可能出现的认知偏向要有充分的考虑，针对可能发生的情况设计应急方案，高效课堂看起来老师在课堂上讲的少了，实际上老师的主导地位仍是很重要的，这需要老师在课下下足功夫，吃透教材，能钻出教材的深化内涵来，开掘出【关键词】：^p句的隐含信息来，又能吃准学生，能贴近学生，才能确保课堂教学的顺利进展。2、改变教法高效课堂是以学生为主体和中心的课堂，老师能不能大胆放手，能否真正将学习的主动权交给学生，首先消除由于老师讲得过多、学生参与过少而导致的靠大量课后作业来完成教学任务的问题。我们必须立足于学生，让学生积极参与学习，实现有效的、多向的、高质量的互动，从而到达优质高效的课堂教学这一最终目的。发挥好老师的主导和引导作用，充分尊重学生的个性特征，让学生在小组学习中能获得快乐。同组学生能在小组学习中既学到知识也能感受到小组这个集体的温暖，这样，将老师的个体关爱转移到小组这个群体的关爱，这无疑增强了后进学生的学习自信心。我认为，教育的最高境界是为了不教，也就是为学生以后的终身学习打下良好的根底，因此，培养学生的自主学习才能，是高效课堂的重中之重，也是义务阶段的老师的职责所在。3、改变评法高效课堂要求学生全员、全程和全身心地参与教与学活动。所以老师要充分调动学生的学习积极性，让学生始终处于激情状态下学习，对学习能保持较长的注意，要具有好奇心和强烈的求知欲。为此，我改变了以往只看考试成绩评比三好学生的习惯，而把参与小组讨论和课堂发言情况做为期末评比三好学生的重要根据。这样的新评法，极大调动了学生参与课堂的积极性。要改变以往课堂上，老师讲，学生被动的承受，变要我学为我要学。在课堂上还要鼓励学生敢于提出疑问，引导学消费生疑问，进而发现问题，要给学生质疑的时间和空间，使学生可以随时质疑，会质疑本身就是思维的开展、才能的进步。通过质疑使学生获得有益的思维训练，变“学会”为“会学”，会“发现问题－分析^p问题－解决问题－再发现问题”养成勤于考虑的习惯。例如：教学《修鞋姑娘》一文时，文中写到作者两次疑心修鞋姑娘，一学生便问，两次疑心有什么不同？学生能提出这样有价值的问题，说明这个学生已经积极思维并养成了勤于考虑问题的好习惯，在以后的教学中，我们要注重培养学生这方面的才能。高效课堂给了我一个全新的感觉，学生在合作中学习，在交流中学习，在辩论中学习，在探究中学习，方式多样，行为活泼。学生的口头才能在进步，独力思辨才能在进步，合作才能在进步，学生的自信心在增强。这些都是传统意义上的课堂所不及的。长期坚持，学生的综合素养必然不一般。因此，如何去把握自己的教学，让更多的学生参与到学习中来，让我们的课堂更具活力，如何去把握教与学的切入点和结合点，让学生学得好，身心也得到开展，成为我今后努力的方向。高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇六����ê²ã´ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½î»ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¡ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªó¦ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���ä±ä±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô­ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªæ«ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð³ï¿½öµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹¦ï¿½ò£¬³ï¿½í¸ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½×¼ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���ä±ï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ü´óµ¨·ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï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过程中，老师应巡回辅导，适度指导解题方法，使学生能学习掌握解题技巧、运用解题技巧，稳固知识、运用知识、开展才能。评的环节，老师根据学生“自练”中反应的信息，引导学生自主评价、互相评价，对不同层次的学生分类指导。让学生自主谈出本节课自己的收获和开展情况，在学生交流评价中又一次促进知识的系统与老师对学生学情的理解，以便调整后续教学。总而言之，本教学形式，有利于促进老师专业成长，进步老师综合素养，促进学生良好学习习惯和学习品质的逐步养成，进步学习效率，开发学生个体潜能，促进学生主动学习、学会学习，全面进步了学生素质，为以后剧烈的竞争打下坚决的根底，为终身学习效劳。一是教材处理上：老师学习目的把握不够准确，对课标学习把握、教材编者意图、教材深化研读不够精细，重组教材不够恰当，研究学生和教学预设不够充分，课堂开放不够自如，仍有牵着学生走的嫌疑。二是课改理念方面：个别老师理念与教学行为脱节，其表现是：过于关注老师怎么教，非常看重学生与自己怎样配合，将学生束负在预设的教案上，对课堂生成置之不理，甚至有扼杀学生思维火花的严重现象；对学生发现的问题不会整合，不能抓住核心本质，做到一石多鸟，所以课堂很杂论，没有重点，没有目的达成意识；讲得多、学得少；重知识系统、轻方法、才能和体验；三是形式活用上：个别老师指导学生自主学习不够充分深化；学生问题意识不强，不能紧紧围绕导引目的去考虑质疑，老师又没有注意教给学生一定的提出问题的方法；合作学习流于形式，缺乏实效；探究学习很少使用，还在教教材，而不使用教材教，新型学习方式的培养有名无实；教学方式单调，课堂缺乏活力。机械地套用形式，缺乏创造性，灵敏性，没有理解形式的本质精华。高效课堂教学心得体会初中数学篇八������ô´ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½øµã¡¢öªê¶îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å»·ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½õ¹îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ô·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¢õ¹îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×¨×¢í¶ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½à³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë«ó®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½õ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ð£ó®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºüºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½òµ¥·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì²ä½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½²½â£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ôµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ì²äºï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡¢ñ§ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½×²ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ûµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½íµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ì²ä·ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½í¬ê±ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ë²ï¿½ï¿½è»·ï¿½úµï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ãµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ûºï¿ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½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