2021新高考英语重难题型考前押题卷 （三）江苏专用 解析版

2021年新高考押题卷（三）英语试卷江苏专用解析版

考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Herearesomeappsyoumayfinduseful.

Mirror

Itislikehavingapersonaltrainerinyourhomewithyou.Thesupersmartscreenisdesigned

tolooklikeafull——lengthmirror.Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclassesranging

from15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.Mirrorrequiresspecialequipmentthatis

separatefromthepriceofamembership.

Peloton

Eventhosewhodon'tlikeexerciseknowwhatPelotonis.WorkoutsavailableonthePeloton

appgofarpastbiking.ButwithsomanyPelotondie—hardspraisingtheappasoneofthebest

cardio（有氧运动）workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.Pelotonis

community——basedandoffersthechancetobikewithothermembers.Classesarefuntofollow

along,ledbyfamousinstructors.

Fitbod

Itbuildscustomworkoutsbasedonyourstrength-trainingability,pastworkouts,and

availablegymequipment.Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelpyougetstronger.It

isitsadvantagethatattractsmanydie——hardfans.Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmuscle

groupsintheclasses.Fitbodisfreetotry,butifyouwanttounlocktheunlimitedworkouts,you

havetopay.

Tonal

Itisdesignedforpeoplewholiketherangeofmachinesatthegym,butdonftlikesharing

them.Itbringsthewholegymsetuphome,butit'snotcheap.Accessories（配件）likehandlesanda

bencharesoldseparately.Insteadoftakingupabunchofspaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonal

provideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesinatouch—screendisplay.

1.Whichappisbestforcyclists?

A.Fitbod.B.Tonal.C.Mirror.D.Peloton.

2.WhatisspecialaboutFitbod?

A.Itoffersdailyworkoutplan.

B.Itcanbeusedforfreeforever.

C.Ithasofflinepersonaltrainers.

D.Itcentersonweightlossprograms.

3.Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?

A.Theyrequirecustomerstoregister.

B.Theysellrelevantequipment.

C.Theygivefitnessclassesonline.

D.Theycanbeusedwhileworking.

【答案】DAC

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款健身软件。

1.细节理解题。根据“Peloton”部分第二句"ButwithsomanyPelotondie——hardspraisingtheapp

asoneofthebestcardio（有氧运动）workoutsoutthere,thecyclingaspectdeservesaspotlight.^^

（但是，有那么多的铁杆粉丝称赞这款应用是最好的有氧运动之一，因此骑行方面值得关注。）

可知，对于骑行的人来说Pelolon是最好的应用。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据“Fitbod”部分第二句“Eachdayyougetapersonalizedfitnessplantohelp

yougetstronger79（每天你都会得到一个个性化的健身计划来帮助你变得更强壮。）可知，

Fi由od的特殊之处在于它提供每日健身计划。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据"Miiror”部分第三句"Itoffersmorethan20typesofworkoutswithclasses

rangingfrom15to60minutesandbeginnertoexpertlevels.”（它提供20多种类型的锻炼，课

程从15分钟到60分钟不等，初学者到专家水平。）,“Peloton”部分最后一句“Classesarefunto

followalong,ledbyfamousinstructors.^^（在著名导师的带领下，跟随课程是很有趣的。），

“Fitbod”部分倒第二句"Fitbodworkoutsfocusonallyourmusclegroupsintheclasses.**（Fitbod

健身在课堂上的集中在所有肌肉群。）和“Tonal”部分最后一句“Insteadoftakingupabunchof

spaceinyourgarageorbasement,Tonalprovideseverythingincludingfitnessclassesina

touch-screendisplay."（与在你的车库或地下室占用大量空间不同，tone在触摸屏上提供包

括健身课程在内的一切服务。）可知，这四款应用都提供线上健身课程。故选C。

Wheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyou'redoingittocreateart,obviously.Anumberof

streetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthroughapracticeknownas

reversegraffiti（涂鸦）.Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusing

cleaningbrushesorpressurehoses（高压水管）.Eitherway,it'sthesameprinciple:theimageis

madebycleaningawaythedirt.Eachartisthastheirownindividualstylebutallartistssharea

commonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities.

TheUK'sPaulCurtis,betterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhas

beenappointedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffitiadvertisements.Brazilianartist,

AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin

2006bygettingridofthedirt.Madeupofseriesofwhiteskulls（颅骨），thepaintingreminds

driversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishavingontheplanet."Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortof

theircar,buttheydon'tgiveanyconsiderationtothepricetheircomforthasfbrtheenvironment

andconsequentlyfbrthemselves,saysOrion.

Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthoritiessincethe

mainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypesofproperty:publicand

private.ThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMoose'swork:"Leedsresidentswanttolive

incleanandattractiveneighborhoods.Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamage

andwilltakestrongactionagainstit."Moosewasorderedto“cleanuphisact."Howwashe

supposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?

AsfbrtheBrazilianartisfswork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfindnothingto

chargehimwith.Theyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel-butonlythepartsAlexandre

hadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhiscampaignontheotherside.Thecityofficials

thendecidedtotakefurtheraction.TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSao

Paulo.

4.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?

A.Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages.

B.Itcreatesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents.

C.Itcauseslotsofdistractiontodrivers.

D.Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?

A.Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls.

B.Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart.

C.Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars.

D.Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.

6.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCounciPsdecision?

A.Itissimplyabsurd.B.Itiswell-informed.

C.Itisratherunexpected.D.Itisquitesensible.

7.HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrion'sreversegraffiti?

A.TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaulo.

B.Theytookfurtheractiontobanallreversegraffiti.

C.Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.

D.Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart.

【答案】ABAD

【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论涂鸦是否犯罪，讲述在涂鸦方面艺术家们和政府之

间的矛盾：艺术家们为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，而政府因为保护环境禁止涂鸦。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段“todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities（关注我们城市的污

染）”及第三段"Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegrafhli（反污染意义的涂鸦）''可知，艺术

家们涂鸦是为了创造反污染的概念。故选A项。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段“Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransport

tunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2006bygettingridofthedirt.（在2006年，巴西艺术家

AlexandreOrion把SaoPaulo的交通隧道变成令人惊奇的涂鸦墙，使交通隧道摆脱尘土）“可

知，AlexandreOrion在交通隧道里涂鸦。故选B项。

6.推理判断题。根据第三段“Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwill

takestrongactionagainstit.（我们认为这种广告会破坏环境，所以要强力反对）”及“Moosewas

orderedto“cleanuphisact.”（Moose被命令“改过自新"）”可知，前文讲述艺术家为了呼吁环保

而涂鸦，但是当局却认为涂鸦是污染环境的行为，禁止艺术家涂鸦。再根据"Howwashe

supposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?（该怎么做呢？要把他所

有干净的杰作再弄脏吗？户可推知，作者提出这样的问题是为了表达对当局做法的否定。故

选A项。

7.推理判断题。根据笫四段“TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSao

Paulo.（他们不仅要清除这个隧道的涂鸦，还有Sa。Paulo里的每一个隧道）”可推知，圣保罗

市的官员们让亚历山大・奥利翁的涂鸦成为不可能。故选D项。

C

Theideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemic

definitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.

They'vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofdiscardedfacemaskstoroad-paving（铺路）

mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsofthemfrom

landfills.Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,andthepolypropylene（聚丙

烯）plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedtheflexibilityanddurability

oftheroad.

Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate

（RCA）—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.

Thisrecycledmaterialwasfoundinthestudytobeidealfortwoofthefourlayersgenerally

requiredtocreateroadways.Pavingakilometeroftwo-wayroadwiththeRCAandthreemillion

facemaskswouldresultinachangeof93tonsofwastefromlandfills.

Thefinalproductthenismoreresistanttowearthanasphalt（沥青）,aswellasbeingcheaper

too,providedtherewasamethodforcollectingmasks.Theresearchteamdidacost-analysisand

foundthat,at$26perton,theRCAwasabouthalfthecostofminingrawmaterials,andasmuch

asathirdofthecostofshippingtheusedmaskstoalandfill.

Thewidespreadapplicationwouldbeidealforlargeinfrastructure（基础设施）projects.For

example,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressedrepairsintheU.S.Ifthe

damagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththeRCA/maskmixture,itwouldreuse

nearly10billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.

It'ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartnersorgovernmentswillingtogive

theirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”meaninparagraph2?

A.Recycled.B.Produced.

C.Mixed.D.Abandoned.

9.Whatisthenewmaterialusedtopavewaysmadeof?

A.2%tornmasks,concreteandtonsoftrash.

B.Polypropyleneplasticandbuildingmaterials.

C.Single-usesurgicalmasksandrecycledconcreteaggregate.

D.Wasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.

10.Whyarenumbersmentionedinparagraph5?

A.Totelluswhattheteamhasfound.

B.Toprovethismaterialiscost-effectiveinpavingroads.

C.Toexplainrepairingroadscostsalotofmaterials.

D.Topraisethehardworktheteamhasdone.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thematerialusedtopaveroadsismadeofmasks.

B.Generallyspeaking,itrequirestwolayerstocreateroadways.

C.Itremainstobetestedwhetherthesolutionispractical.

D.ThedamagedroadsinWashingtonwererepairedwiththeRCA.

【答案】DCBC

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了疫情大流行期间每周有大量的口罩被扔掉，墨

尔本的一组研究人员计划将人们用过的废弃口罩添加到铺路的混合材料中去，不过该解决方

案是否可行还有待测试。

8.词义猜测题。根据戈线词所在的句子“They'vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofface

maskstoroad-paving（铺路）mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventing

billionsofthemfromlandfills.“可知，他们发现，将数百万个口罩添加到铺路混合料中，实际

上可以降低道路成本，同时防止数十亿个口罩被填埋。根据第一段的“Theideaofbillionsof

peoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthispandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,buta

teamofresearchersinMelbournemayhavethesolution.“可知，疫情大流行期间每周有数十亿

人戴着口罩的想法肯定会敲响警钟，但墨尔本的一组研究人员可能有解决方案。将上下文结

合起来可知，解决方案是将人们用过的废弃口罩添加到铺路的混合材料中去。由此可知，划

线单词意为“被遗弃的"。故选D。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,and

thepolypropylene（聚丙烯）plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalsoincreasedthe

flexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.“可知，仅一公里的道路就需要300万个口罩，而用于制

造一次性手术口罩的聚丙烯塑料也提高了道路的柔韧性和耐用性。再根据第三段的“Thenew

materialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcreteaggregate(RCA)—a

materialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.”可知，这种新

材料是约2%破损口罩与再生混凝土骨料(RCA)的混合物，后者是从废弃混凝土和被毁建

筑物中的其他矿物中获得的。由此可知，铺路用的新材料是一次性使用口罩和再生混凝土骨

料组成的。故选C。

10.推理判断题。根据第五段的“Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintennsof

unaddressedrepairsintheU.S.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththe

RCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly1()billionmasks,sparingAmericanlandfillshundreds

ofmillionsoftonsoftrash.”可知，例如，就美国未解决的维修而言，华盛顿的道路是美国第

11糟糕的。如果使用再生混凝土骨料(RCA)和口罩的混合物来修复华盛顿州受损的道路，

它将重复使用近100亿个口罩,从而使美国的垃圾掩埋场减少数亿吨的垃圾填埋。由此可知，

第5段中提到的数字是为证明这种材料在铺路时具有成本效益。故选Bo

11.推理判断题。根据最后一段的"It'ssaidthattheteamislookingforprivateindustrypartners

orgovernmentswillingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityforalarge-scaletest.“可知，

据说，该团队正在寻找愿意为其塑料口罩道路提供大规模测试机会的私营行业合作伙伴或政

府。由此可知，该解决方案是否可行还有待测试。故选C。

D

Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentaland

healthproblemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsifes(垃圾填埋场).

Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissetto

increaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.Theyend

upinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-waste

dumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspart

ofaninformalrecyclingprocess.Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatare

foundinabandonedsmartphones.

ButAgbogbloshielegallyshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimsto

preventdevelopednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.The

e-wasteindustry,however,circumventsregulationbyexportinge-wastelabelledas"secondhand

goods“topoorcountrieslikeGhana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.

ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisis

notsurprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslike(水银),leadandevenarsenic^).

Reportedly,oneeggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemical

whichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat'sabout220timesgreater

thanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonous

chemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,since

someofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.

Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers9waste.For

example,Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystemat

Agbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvethe

problemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemandforhardware,especiallywhen

govemments,greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.

Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossible

solutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingof

hardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.

12.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Electronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsites.

B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.

C.Electronicproductsneedtobeimprovedimmediately.

D.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumvents“inParagraph3mean?

A.Relaxes.B.Abolishes.C.Avoids.D.Tightens.

14.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?

A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandards.B.Thethreatofpollutedfoodworldwide.

C.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.D.Thedamagetochicken'simmunesystem.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?

A.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility.

B.Reducingcustomers?demandsforelectronicproducts.

C.Governmentsadjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.

D.Manufacturers?developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.

【答案】DCBD

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家，但已成为危害全人

类的公敌，因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力来减少电子垃圾污染。

12.推理判断题。根据第二段“Electronicwaste（e-waste）currentlytakesup5percentofallglobal

waste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopand

powerbank.TheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.

（目前，电子垃圾占全球垃圾总量的5%,而且随着越来越多的人拥有不止一台智能手机、笔

记本电脑和移动电源，这•比例还将迅速上升。它们最终在加纳首都阿克拉郊区的

Agbogbloshie等地落脚）“可推知，随着电子垃圾的快速增长，Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染

是一个严峻的问题。故选D。

13.词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstoprevent

developednationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries/1989年签

署的《巴塞尔公约》旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子垃圾）”可知划线词所

在的句子意思是发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品''的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展

中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》的规定，可推知划线词的意思为“避开、躲避A.Relaxes放

松：B.Abolishes.废除;C.Avoids.避免、躲避：D.Tightens.拉紧。故选C。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段“Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethe

broadersoilandwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsare

cocoaandnuts（最令人担忧的是，这些有毒的化学物质可以随意污染更广阔的土壤和水系统。

这应该引起我们所有人的关注，因为加纳的一些主要出口产品是可可和坚果）”可知，加纳

大量对外出口可可和坚果，所以全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的威胁。故选B。

15.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomically

sustainableandpoliticallypossiblesolutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturersto

maketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.（只有制造商

才能解决这个问题。一个经济上更可持续、政治上更可行的解决方案是，鼓励硬件制造商使

硬件的维修、再利用和回收变得有利可图，或者至少不影响成本）”可知，作者认为解决电子

垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商，他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则，生产便于维修、可回收

利用的电子产品。故选D。

第二节（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

AlfredNobelRestsinPeace

PeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherTeresahavebecome

famousallaroundtheworld.16.TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.Butnoneof

themwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,Alfred

Nobel.

WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilycompany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformany

years.HisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfortheRussianarmytoproduce

landminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,

whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.

OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20-year-oldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledina

nitroglycerineexplosion.17.Theresultwasdynamite（甘》由炸药），whichbecameanimmediate

successallovertheworld.

AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately,when

theFirstWorldWarended,dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoung

men.18.Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.

SometimelaterAlfred'solderbrotherLudwigdied.Onenewspaperaccidentallyprinted

Alfred'sobituaryinsteadofhisbrother's.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbecomerichby

inventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrified

anddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingto

promotegoodinsociety.19.TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethe

most,orthebest,worktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdand

promotepeaceconferences.

In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortsto

getlandminesbanned.20.Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.

A.Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?

B.Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.

C.Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.

D.Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.

E.Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.

F.Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobe'thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofall

crimes'

G.Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureand,most

significantly,peace.

【答案】ACFGE

【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍诺贝尔奖的创始人AlfredNobel的一生经历。诺贝

尔奖授予了应得之人，AlfredNobel在他的坟墓里会安息得更安稳。

16.根据下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他们都是诺贝尔和平奖的获

得者）”可知，此处应该是询问其共同点是什么。所以A项Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?

（它们有什么共同点呢？）切题。故选A。

17.该选项可衔接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根据后文“Theresultwasdynamite（结

果是爆炸性的）”可知，此处表述Alfred决心发明•种更安全的爆炸物。所以C项Alfredwas

determinedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred决定发明一种更安全的炸药）切题。故选C。

18.前文写到一战结束的时候他的发明被用在战争中，F选项Alfredhadalwayshatedwarand

consideredittobe*thehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes,（他一直痛恨战争,认为

“it”是令人厌恶的事情中最让人厌恶的事情，是最严重的犯罪）切题。该选项承接一战的内

容。故选F。

19.前文中提到Alfred决定用他赚取的财富去奖励造福社会的人，G选项Thefiveawardshe

createdwereforphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他设立

的五个奖项是物理学，化学，医学，文学奖，还有最重要的，和平奖）切题。该项进一步说

明他设计了什么奖项，并在后文接着写诺贝尔和平奖颁给什么样的人。故选G。

20.根据上文提示“In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsfor

hereffortstogetlandminesbanned.（1997年，诺贝尔和平奖授予f美国人乔迪•威廉姆斯（Jody

Williams）,因为她为禁止地雷所做的努力）”可知，1997年的诺贝尔和平奖颁给了一个号召

禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E选项Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuilt

onmines.（当然，具有讽刺意味的是，诺贝尔家族的财富是建立在矿山上的。）切题。令人

觉得讽刺的是，诺贝尔家族的财富都是基于地雷。故选E。

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

WhenIwasachildofsevenyearsold,myfriends,onaholiday,filledmypocketwith

coins.Iwentatoncetoashopwheretheysoldtoysforchildren.Being21withthe

soundofawhistlethatIhadseenbytheway,inthehandsofanotherboy,Ihandedoverallmy

moneyforone.Ithencamehome,andwentwhistlingalloverthehouse,muchpleasedwith

mywhistle,but22allthefamily.Mybrothersandsistersandcousins,whenItoldofthe

23Ihadmade,saidIhadgivenfourtimesasmuchasthewhistlewasworth.Theyputme

inmindofwhatgoodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoney,andlaughedatme

somuchformybeingstupidthatIcriedwithvexation（烦恼）.Thinkingaboutthemattergave

memore24thanthewhistlegavemepleasure.

25,thiswasafterwardsofusetome,fortheimpressioncontinuedonmymind,so

thatoften,whenIwas26tobuysomethingIdidnotneed,Isaidtomyself,"Don'tgive

toomuchforthewhistle,''andIsavedmymoney.AsIgrewup,cameintotheworld,and___

27theactionsofmen,IthoughtImetwithmany,verymany,who“gavetoomuchforthe

whistle.^^

IfIknewamiser（守财奴）who28everykindofcomfortableliving,allthe

pleasureofdoinggoodtoothers,alltheesteemofhisfellowcitizensandthejoysof

friendship,29gatheringandkeepingwealth—"Poorman,^^saidI,“youpaytoodear

foryourwhistle.^^WhenImetamanofpleasure,whodidnottrytoimprovehismindorhis

fortunebut30devotedhimselftohavingagoodtime,perhapsneglectinghishealth,

"Mistakenman,youareproviding31foryourself,insteadofpleasure;youarepaying

toodearforyourwhistle.,,IfIsawsomeonefondof32whohasfineclothes,

finehouses,finefurniture,fineearrings,allabovehis33andforwhichhehad

runintodebt,andendshiscareerinaprison."Alas,“saidI,"hehaspaiddear,verydear,

forhiswhistIe.^^

34,themiseriesofmankindarelargelyduetotheirputtinga（n）35value

onthings・一togiving"toomuchfortheirwhistle.^^

21.A.facedB.charmedC.sympathizedD.provided

22.A.disturbingB.attractingC.entertainingD.confusing

23.A.troubleB.attemptC.choiceD.bargain

24.A.satisfactionB.reliefC.annoyanceD.stress

25.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Indeed

26.A.temptedB.determinedC.forcedD.persuaded

27.A.tookB.observedC.admiredD.followed

28.A.turnedagainstB.gaveupC.caredaboutD.reliedon

29.A.incaseofB.insteadofC.forthesakeofD.intermsof

30.A.merelyB.similarlyC.strangelyD.positively

31.A.inconvenienceB.burdenC.frustrationD.pain

32.A.appearanceB.wealthC.comfortsD.necessities

33.A.demandB.fortuneC.standardD.value

34.A.AsaresultB.BycontrastC.OnaverageD.Inshort

35.A.unexpectedB.greatC.falseD.true

【答案】BADCCABBCADABDC

【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由儿时为一只哨子付出高昂的代价联系到生活中的几

类人——由于对事物价值的错误认识，他们为“哨子”付出的代价太大了。

21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被路上看到的一个男孩的哨声迷住了，我把所有的钱都给

了他换了一个哨子。A.faced面对;B.charmed迷醉，吸引;C.sympathized同情；D.provided

提供。空后说我把所有的钱都给了这个男孩换了一个哨子，这说明我被他的哨声迷住了，be

charmedwith表示"给迷住”，故选B。

22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我回到家，吹着哨子在屋子里走来走去，对我的哨声感

到非常高兴，但却打扰了全家人。A.disturbing打扰；B.attracting吸引；C.entertaining娱乐；

D.confusing使迷惑。我吹着哨子满屋走，自然是打扰了全家人，故选A。

23.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉我的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹们我所做的交易时，他

们说我付出的是哨子价值的四倍。A.trouble麻烦；B.attempt试图；C.choice选择；D.bargain

交易。上文说我用兜里所有的钱从那个陌生男孩手里换回了一个哨子，此处指的就是这个交

易，故选D。

24.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一想到这件事，我的烦恼比哨子给我的快乐还多。A.satisfaction

满意；B.relief减轻；C.annoyance恼火，烦恼：D.stress压力。空前说他们让我想起用剩下

的钱可以买什么好东西，还嘲笑我的愚蠢，我气得哭了，因此此处是说这件事给我带来的烦

恼，故选C。

25.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它对我来说是很有用的，因为这种印象一直萦绕在我

的脑海中，所以当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我常常对自己说，“不要为哨子付出太多”，

这样我就省下了钱。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Indeed的确。

上文说这件事给我带来了烦恼,下文又说它对我来说是有用的，上下文是转折关系，故选Co

26.考查动词词义辨析。句意:同上。A.tempted引诱,迷惑;B.determined决心;C.forced

强迫：D.persuaded劝服。上文说我经不住哨声的诱惑，用兜里所有的钱换回了那个口哨子，

此处说的是这件事给我的教训——当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我提醒自己“不要为哨

子付出太多“，betemptedtodo表示“受诱惑做某事、忍不住做某事”，故