汽车专业英语读译教程 第3版 课件 1-U1TA The Basic Components of an Automobile

课程介绍课程属性——限定性选修课课时——48学时课程内容——汽车结构、工作原理。教材内容较新，新技术内容多，如汽油直喷、共轨喷射、双离合变速器、无级变速器等。学习目的1.打好基础：首先掌握必要词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开阔眼界；学好本门课程，对考研亦有一定的帮助2.掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译水平，较熟练笔译专业资料，解决生产中的实际问题3.阅读本专业领域的国外资料，了解和掌握本专业的发展动态和前沿技术，为研究和创新奠定基础学习方法认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践PROFESSIONALENGLISH

UNIT1

AUTOMOTIVEBASICS

TEXTA

TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobilePROFESSIONALENGLISH

UNIT1

AUTOMOTIVEBASICS

TEXTA

TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Engine

Chassis

Body

ElectricalEquipment

本次课学习内容本次课学习目标掌握汽车主要部件的英文名称掌握各类汽车的英文名称掌握常用术语（PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONS）了解翻译的标准component[kəm'pəunənt]n.成分，组成，部件，零件chassis['∫æsi]n.底盘transmission[trænz'mi∫ən]n.变速器，传动,传动系统，传送，发射lubrication[ֽlu:bri'kei∫ən]n.润滑Ignition[ig'ni∫ən]n.点火,点燃Ignite[ig'nait]v.点火,点燃boost[bu:st]v.升压，推进，增加，增压，提高filter['filtə]n.滤清器，滤波器,过滤器carburetor['kɑ:bjuretə]n.化油器combustible[kəm'bʌstəbl]a.易燃的NEWWORDSNEWWORDSradiator['reidieitə]n.散热器,冷却器，辐射体hollow['hɔləu]a.空心的,虚伪的；n.洞,窟窿,山谷circulate['sə:kjuleit]v.(使)循环,(使)流通defroster[ֽdi:'frɔstə]n.除冰(或霜)装置sludge[slʌʤ]n.软泥,淤泥hood[hud]n.发动机罩styling['stailiŋ]n.花[式]样streamlined['stri:mlaind]a.流线型的,现代化的sedan[si'dæn]n.轿车,轿子enclosed[in'klouzd]a.封闭的,密闭的pick-up['pikʌp]n.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器NEWWORDSgross[grous]a.总的,毛重的;n.总额coach[kout∫]n.四轮马车,长途客车,教练rigid['riʤid]a.刚硬的,刚性的,严格的axle['æksl]n.轮轴,车轴articulated[ɑ:'tikjuleitid]a.铰接(的),有关节的capacity[kə'pæsiti]n.容量,生产量,才能,能力commuter[kə'mju:tə]n.长期月票使用者luxurious[lʌg'zjuəriəs]a.奢侈的,豪华的suspension[səs'pen∫ən]n.悬架，悬浮液,暂停,中止,悬而未决differential[ֽdifə'ren∫əl]n.差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的NEWWORDSclutch[klʌt∫]n.离合器hydraulic[hai'drɔ:lik]a.液压的，水压的，水力的isolate['aisəleit]v.隔离,孤立,绝缘，查出（故障）n.过程,经过,进程,方针,路线,跑道,课程course[kɔ:s]v.策划,调动,演习，操纵，机动（动作）manoeuvre[mə'nu:və]=maneuvren.策略,调动drum[drʌm]n.鼓,鼓声；v.击鼓pedal['pedl]n.踏板

PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONS

spark-ignitionengine点燃式发动机compression-ignitionengine压燃式发动机storagebattery蓄电池ignitioncoil点火线圈chargingcircuit充电电路combustionchamber燃烧室passengercompartment乘客室，乘客舱windowdefroster风窗除霜器motoroil机油(=engineoil)sheetmetal钢板，金属板PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONStrunkdeck行李箱盖multi-purposevan(MPV)多用途厢式车commercialvehicle商用汽车powertrain传动系，动力装置propellershaft传动轴(=driveshaft)torqueconverter液力变矩器gearratio传动比flexiblejoint柔性接头axleshaft半轴roadwheel车轮brakelining制动器摩擦衬片

Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments.EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission[1].TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Allengineshavefuel,exhaust,cooling,andlubricationsystems.Gasolineenginesalsohaveanignitionsystem.Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricsparkneededtoignitetheair-fuelmixtureinthecylinders.Whentheignitionswitchisturnedon,currentflowsfromthe12-voltstoragebatterytotheignitioncoil.Thecoilbooststhevoltagetoproducethestrongsparkof20,000Vneededtoignitetheenginefuel.Theautomobilesuppliesalltheelectricityitneedsthroughitselectricalsystem.Forexample,theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelisstoredinthetank,whichisconnectedtoafuelpumpbyafuelline.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisforcedthroughafilterintothecarburetorwhereitismixedwithair,orintothefuelinjectionsystem.Thefuelismixedwithairtoformacombustiblemixtureinthecarburetor,themanifold,orthecylindersthemselves[2].Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout2,000℉(1,094℃).Sincesteelmeltsataround2,500℉(1,354℃),thisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Theradiatorisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcirculatesthiscoolantthroughthehollowwallsoftheengineblockandhead.Constantcirculationofthecoolantthroughtheengineandtheradiatorremovesheatfromtheengine.Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelisstoredinthetank,whichisconnectedtoafuelpumpbyafuelline.Thefuelispumpedfromthefueltankthroughthefuellines.Itisforcedthroughafilterintothecarburetorwhereitismixedwithair,orintothefuelinjectionsystem.Thefuelismixedwithairtoformacombustiblemixtureinthecarburetor,themanifold,orthecylindersthemselves[2].TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout2,000℉(1,094℃).Sincesteelmeltsataround2,500℉(1,354℃),thisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Theradiatorisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcirculatesthiscoolantthroughthehollowwallsoftheengineblockandhead.Constantcirculationofthecoolantthroughtheengineandtheradiatorremovesheatfromtheengine.Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Thetemperatureinenginecombustionchambersisabout2,000℉(1,094℃).TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Sincesteelmeltsataround2,500℉(1,354℃),thisheatmustbecarriedawaytopreventenginedamage.Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Theradiatorisfilledwithacoolant.Thewaterpumpcirculatesthiscoolantthroughthehollowwallsoftheengineblockandhead.Constantcirculationofthecoolantthroughtheengineandtheradiatorremovesheatfromtheengine.Heatalsoisremovedbytheradiatorfan,whichdrawsairthroughthenarrowfinsoftheradiator.Thissystemalsosuppliesheattothepassengercompartmentandthewindowdefrosters.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Thelubricationsystemisimportantinkeepingtheenginerunningsmoothly.Motoroilisthelubricantusedinthesystem.Thelubricationsystemhasfourfunctions:1.Itcutsdownfrictionbycoatingmovingpartswithoil.2.Itproducesasealbetweenthepistonringsandthecylinderwalls.3.Itcarriesawaysludge,dirt,andacids.4.Itcoolstheenginebycirculatingthemotoroil.Tokeepthissystemworkingefficiently,oilfiltersandmotoroilmustbechangedregularly.Allothermovingpartsinanautomobilemustalsobelubricated.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modemappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatthedrivingspeeds.Asedanhasanenclosedbodywithamaximumof4doorstoallowaccesstothepassengercompartment.Thedesignalsoallowsforstorageofluggageorothergoods.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Asedancanalsobereferredtoasasaloonandtraditionallyhasafixedroof.Therearesoft-topversionsofthesamebodydesignexceptforhaving2doors,andthesearecommonlyreferredtoasconvertibles(Fig.1-1).Figure1-1SedanandconvertibleTheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Multi-purposevans(MPV)canbebasedoncommonsedandesignsorredesignssothatmaximumcargospaceisavailable.Thepick-upcarriesgoods.Usuallyithasstrongerchassiscomponentsandsuspensionthanasedantosupportgreatergrossvehiclemass.Thebodiesofcommercialvehiclesthattransportgoodsaredesignedforthatspecificpurpose.Busesandcoachesareusually4-wheelrigidvehicles,butalargenumberofwheelsandaxlescanbeused.Sometimesarticulatedbusesareusedtoincreasecapacity.Busesandcoachescanbesingle-deckordouble-deck.Busesarecommonlyusedincitiesascommutertransportswhilecoachesaremoreluxurioususedforlongdistances.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.PowerTrainThepowertrainsystemcomprisesclutch,transmission,propellershaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivingroadwheels.Theclutchortorqueconverterhasthetaskofdisconnectingandconnectingtheengine'spowerfromandtothedrivingwheelsofthevehicle.Thisactionmaybemanualorautomatic.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Themainpurposeofthetransmissionorgearboxistoprovideaselectionofgearratiosbetweentheengineanddrivingwheels,sothatthevehiclecanoperatesatisfactorilyunderalldrivingconditions.Gearselectionmaybedonemanuallybythedriverorautomaticallybyahydrauliccontrolsystem.Thefunctionofthepropeller(drive)shaftistotransmitthedrivefromthegearboxtotheinputshaftoftherearaxleanddifferentialassembly.Flexiblejointsallowtherearaxleandwheelstomoveupanddownwithoutaffectingoperation.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Therearaxleanddifferentialunittransmitstheengine'srotationalpowerthrough90°frompropellershafttoaxleshafttoroadwheels.Afurtherfunctionistoalloweachdrivingwheeltoturnatadifferentspeed;essentialwhencorneringbecausetheouterwheelmustturnfurtherthantheinsidewheel.Athirdfunctionistointroduceanothergearratiofortorquemultiplication.SuspensionSystemTheaxlesandwheelsareisolatedfromthechassisbyasuspensionsystem.Thebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockscausedbyirregularroadsurfacesthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledandlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions[3].SteeringSystemThesteeringsystem,underthecontrolofthedriveratthesteeringwheel,providesthemeansbywhichthefrontwheelsaredirectionallyturned.Thesteeringsystemmaybepowerassistedtoreducetheeffortrequiredtoturnthesteeringwheelandmakethevehicleeasiertomanoeuvre.TheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

BrakeSystemThebrakingsystemonavehiclehasthreemainfunctions.