新概念英语第二册Lesson61

Lesson61TroublewiththeHubbleByTina是以天文学家哈勃为名，在轨道上环绕著地球的望远镜。他的位置在地球的大气层之上，因此获得了地基望远镜所没有的好处——影像不会受到大气湍流的扰动，还能观测会被臭氧层吸收的紫外线。于1990年发射之后，已经成为天文史上最重要的仪器。他已经填补了地面观测的缺口，帮助天文学家解决了许多根本上的问题，对天文物理有更多的认识。从他于1946年的原始构想开始，直到发射为止，建造太空望远镜的计划不断的被延迟和受到预算问题的困扰。在他发射之后，立即发现主镜有球面像差，严重的降低了望远镜的观测能力。幸好在1993年的维修任务之后，望远镜恢复了计划中的品质，并且成为天文学研究和推展公共关系最重要的工具。

哈勃太空望远镜Newwordsandexpressions1.Hubble['hʌbl]n哈勃2.telescope['teliskəup]n望远镜3.launch[lɔ:ntʃ,lɑ:ntʃ]v发射4.space[speis]n空间(指宇宙空间)5.billion['biljən]n10亿6.faulty['fɔ:lti]adj有错误的7.astronaut['æstrənɔ:t]n宇航员8.shuttle['ʃʌtl]n航天飞机9.Endeavour[in'devə]n“奋进”号10.robot－armn机器手['rəubɔt,-bət,'rɔbət]11.grab[ɡræb]v抓12.atmosphere['ætmə,sfiə]n大气层13.distant['distənt]adj遥远的14.galaxy['ɡæləksi]星系15.universe['ju:nivə:s]n宇宙16.eagleeyen鹰眼,一种仪器Whatisthis?universeArewealone(孤单的)intheuniverse?intheuniverse=inspaceuniverse['ju:nivə:s]n宇宙university大学MissUniverse环球小姐;宇宙小姐;世界小姐newtonuniverse牛顿空间space[speis]n空间(指宇宙空间)timeandspace时间和空间outerspace外层空间;外太空;太空;宇宙空间freespace[通信]自由空间;可用空间;剩余空间;弗雷派斯

n.空间；太空；距离

vi.留间隔

vt.隔开room空间,不可数(aroom为房间,可数)Couldyoumakeroomforme?你能为我腾一点空间吗?Whatcanweseeinspace?TheHubbletelescopen.望远镜v.缩短，压缩tele-远程，远距离的television电视telephone电话telescopeWhereistheHubble?Itisabovetheearth’s___________.atmosphereabove=outsideatmosphere['ætmə,sfiə]n大气层earth'satmosphere地球大气socialatmosphere社会气氛academicatmospheren.学业风气，学习氛围workingatmosphere工作环境upperatmosphere上层大气；高空大气loweratmosphere低层大气，下层大气atmospheren.大气,空气,气氛,氛围Eg:IwenttotheNewConceptEnglishofNewOrientalschoolforitsgoodatmosphereGuess:Howmuchdoesitcost?Itcostsoverabilliondollars.over=morethan

billion['biljən]n10亿trillion['triljən]千亿million['miljən]百万WholaunchedtheHubbletelescopeintospace?ItwaslaunchedintospacebyNASA．

launch[lɔ:ntʃ,lɑ:ntʃ]v发射launchon开始；着手launchinto进入，投入launchout出航；开始新的事情一般说开始做某事，用setoff，start，beginＷｈｏｉｓｈｅ？Heisthedirector(局长)ofNASA.WhatwillwedoiftheHubbletelescopeisbroken?Whocanrepairit?astronautHowcantheastronautsgettotheHubble?Theshuttle

EndeavourwilltaketheastronautstotheHubble.endeavour①v.奋力，努力

endeavourtodo=trytodo

竭尽全力做…②n.尝试，努力

bestendeavours

尽最大的努力他总是竭尽全力帮助他人。Healwaysedeavourstohelpothers.Whatisthis?galaxyThegalaxyisvery_______fromus.distantdistant遥远的，远方的;远亲的;冷淡的thedistantsoundadistantcousin

一位远房（表）堂亲distance

n.距离inthedistance在远处keepyourdistance保持距离grab

v.抓，抓住，抓住（机会）☆grabsthfromsb

从某人手里抢来某物☆grabachance抓住机会

Grabyourchancetotravelwhileyou`restillyoungatacostof

造价为…atallcosts

无论如何，不惜任何代价她不惜任何代价都要送他的女儿去美国读书。ShesentherdaughtertoAmericatostudyatallcosts.costpay/spend/cost/take⑴pay构成：sbpay+(money)+forsthpayforsth付…钱、payforsb替某人付钱Ipaid200yuanforthenewbikeyesterday.⑵spend构成：sbspend+money+onsthsbspend+time+（in）doingsth⑶cost

（主语是物或it）构成：sth+cost+（sb）+moneyThebookcostme20yuan.⑷take构成：ittakessb+time+todoIttookme5hourstofinishmyhomework.practiseI______3hoursdoingthemathsproblem.Anewcomputer______alotofmoney.It______me4yearstofinishthebook.Ihaveto____them20yuanforthisskirt.

costsspenttookpay

askfortroublegetintotroublegetoutoftroublemaketrouble自讨苦吃陷入困境脱离不幸（困境）闹事，捣乱troublev.使失望，对…失信

disappointing

令人失望的

disappointed

失望的

bedisappointedinaperson/thing

对某人或某事失望disappointsendinsendupsendoutsendfor递交，送来发射，发出派遣派人去叫sendLanguagepointsQuestionsonthetextWhenwastheHubbletelescopelaunchedintospace?Whatwerethepicturesitsentuslike?3.WhatwillthefourastronautsfromtheshuttleEndeavourdoing?4.WhatwillthepicturesfromtheHubbletellus?1.TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.Hubbletelescope看作一个整体,在句中做主语waslaunched动词谓语NASA美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration）具体到某一天，介词用ononsunnydayatacostofoverabilliondollars花费了超过10亿美元atacostofRightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.trouble['trʌbl]n.麻烦；烦恼；故障；动乱vt.麻烦；使烦恼；折磨vi.费心，烦恼thetroublewithsth.关于某事的麻烦eg：What’swrong/troublewithyou？troublesb.麻烦某人Don'ttroubletroubleuntilltroubletroublesyou.↖↖↖↖

动词名词名词动词Whenyouareintroublemaketrouble捣乱；制造麻烦maketroublefor给……带来麻烦introuble在监禁中；处于不幸中；处困难中outoftrouble摆脱麻烦；脱离了困境borrowtrouble自找麻烦，杞人忧天runintotrouble陷入困境之中giveoneselftroubleThepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的faulty，broken与disorder这三个词都有故障损坏的意思，单侧重点各不相同。faulty指的是故障性损坏，特指某一个零部件或部位出现了机械故障，不常用语人和事件；broken是宏观性的坏掉或者打破打碎，是一种外在的表现，外伤；disorder常用于人，特指认得精神不正常，紊乱错乱。NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.Begoingto打算做某事

putsth.right把某物正确放置，修正，订正putright表示“修好（故障等）”、“校正”、“纠正”等：Haveyouputthewatch/clockright?你把表/钟对好了吗？Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.明天记得把灯修好。TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.willbetaking将来进行时Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.makethenecessaryrepairs作必要的修理repairsth.修理某物repairawatch修理手表Ofcourse,theHubbleisabovetheearth'satmosphere.ofcourse当然above在……上面(位于正上方)soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.将来进行时。形容词最高级后面的关系从句常用…everheard,met,read,seen等完成式：Thisisthelongestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.这是我所看过的书中最长的一部。Ianisthemostinterestingman(that/whom)Ihaveevermet.伊恩是我所遇见的最有趣的人。TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.agreatdealagreatdealof，，，大量的（接不可数名词）agreatdeal可以不加名词，这个时候它就被用作副词了。例如：I'velearntagreatdealfromthisbook.从这本书上我学到了很多。另外，agreatdealof也可说成agooddealof。Bythetimeyoureadthis,theRubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.（1）Bythetime到……的时候bythetimesomebodydosth指的是截止到某人做某件是那会儿，常用来指过去的某一时间点上或者将来的某一时间点上某人在做什么事情例：Bythetimethepolicearrived,themurdererhadleft.警方赶到时杀人犯已经逃之夭夭。（2）willhavesentus将来完成时表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作，由“will[shall]+have+过去分词”构成。如：Whenwegetthere，she’llhavegonetowork.我们到那里时她会已上班去了。OnMondayhe’llhavebeeninBritainforthreeyears.到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。（3）thousandsandthousandsof成千上万的在表示“几千”、“数千”、“许许多多”、“成千上万”这些数字概念时可用thousands(of…):Therearehundredsofthousands/thousandsandthousandsofcarsinthiscity.这座城市里有成千上万辆汽车。BlankFilling:TheHubbletelescope_________intospacebyNASAonApril20,1990,atacostofoverabilliondollars.Rightfromthestartthere_____troublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesit_____us_____verydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirror______faulty!NASAnow______________putthetelescoperight,soitwillsoon_________fourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavour____________theastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavour________thetelescopeand_______itwhiletheastronauts______thenecessaryrepairs.Ofcourse,theHubble________abovetheearth’atmosphere,soitwillsoon__________ustheclearestpicturesofstarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveever_________.TheHubble_______usagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyou________this,theHubble’seagleeye___________usthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.waslaunchedwassentwerewasisgoingtoputbesendingupwillbetakinggrabholdmakeisbesendingseenwilltellreadwillhavesentGrammarwillhaverepairedIlettersalldaytomorrow.Soontheastronautsthetelescope.willbewriting将来进行时将来完成时将来进行时将来完成时Tense含义结构时间状语将来正在做到将来已完成willbedoingwillhave+v.p.pelseshallbedoingshallhave+v.p.palldaytomorrowby+将来时间in+时间段ByFridaymidday,theyonitforsevendays.willhavebeenworking将来完成时进行时+=将来完成进行时Structurewillhavebeen+V.ingCompare

futureperfecttense

and

futureperfectprogressivetenseTense将来完成时将来完成进行时含义到将来已完成结构willhave+v.p.pwillhavebeendoingshallhave+v.p.pshallhavebeendoingelse时间状语byFridaymidday到将来某一时间已经持续干了…for时间段byFridaymidday将来进行将来完成将来完成进行MeaningStructure将来正在做到将来已完成到将来某一时间已经持续干了willbedoingshallbedoingwillhave+v.p.pshallhave+v.p.pwillhavebeendoingshallhavebeendoingThemomenthe,Iletyouknow.StructurehasarrivedwillMeaning将来已到达Hebythistimetomorrow.willhavearrivedWhy从句从句用现在完成时表达将来完成时的含义themoment引导的时间状语从句elsenowthatassoonas将来完成时、将来进行时和将来完成进行时将来完成时的构成：willhavedone，表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作，必须和某个时间状语连用，强调到将来某一点时间动作的结束。

Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.将来进行时的构成：willbedoing，表示将来某个时候正在进行的动作或表示计划好的事，陈述将来的事实。

Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.将来完成进行时的构成：willhavebeendoing，表示某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的时间，从某一点发生,一直延续到将来的某一点,并且将可能延续下去，强调到将来某一点时间动作可能结束或延续。

Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthisfirmfortwentyyears.ByFridaymidday,theywillhavebeenworkingonitforsevendays.（workonsth.关于……的工作）在时间状语从句中，要用现在完成时代替将来完成时：

BythetimeI’vecompletedthisone,I’llhavebeenwritingforsixyears.

到我写完这本书时，我将已经写了6年书了。

WhenI’vebuiltthisone,I’llhavebuiltfivealtogether.在时间状语从句中的现在完成式在现在时间的句子里,可用现在时表示将来.这里的现在时是一个广义的时间,它在实际上包括现在完成时,它们的道理是相通的.Whenhehasfinishedthisproject(工程),IwillarrivedinUKforanotherproject.当他完成这项工程的时候，我就会到英国去商议另一项工程．Ifhehasstartedonhiswayhere,Iwillwaitanotherhour.如果他已经起程来这里了，我就再等一个小时．Specialdifficultiescostpricevalue词性n.v.Meaning花费价格价值花费询价尊重重视物作主语Therehasbeenasharpinthe(price)(cost)(value)of.riselivingIndication√2.WheneverIbuyanythingnew,myfatheralwaysasksmethe(value)(cost)(price).√4.That(valued)(cost)(priced)afortune

tobuild.Indicationhouse√7.Sofar,thencountrieshavegivenmoneytowardthe(value)(price)(cost)ofrebuildingaftertheearthquake.Indication√Cost,Price,Valuecost①n.价格，价钱，费用（侧重指某项服务、工程等），成本（复数）atthecostof以……的费用，造价……

Theybuiltthebridgeatacostofover$600,000.

Idon’tknowthecostsofthesecars.我不知道这些车的成本是多少。②vt.价钱为……，（使）花费（不用于被动语态）Thenew