构词法课件高三英语二轮专题

构词法

Morphology/WordFormation转换法合成法截短法混合法首尾缩略法派生法英语构词法如同汉语的偏旁部首推断词义记忆单词扩充词汇1转换法

v

nadvadj

1转换法通常词形不变偶尔读音变化recordn;recordv有些名词变动词，末尾要加e.breathn----breathev1转换法名词变动词1handn----vWouldyoupleasehandmybook?2seatn----vt就座(beseated)

Heseatedhimselfinthechair.Hewasseatedinthechair.

1转换法名词变动词3nursen----vnursehisparents/sb4oiln----v5timen----v定时、测时（timer定时器）1转换法名词变动词6shown展示、秀

----vt表演、秀

realityshow;showsbaround7watern----vwatertheflowers

(n---vt后面直接加宾语)1转换法

动词变名词1stopv----nbusstop/station2watchv----ntakeawatch/look3lookv----nanexcitedlook1转换法

动词变名词4walkv----n行走，小路，人行道5lovev----npeaceandlove6actv行动，表现

----n行动，法案7guidev指导n指南、向导

guidesbtodosthvtouristguiden1转换法动词变名词8tastev----n味道、品味、口味 tastegood

Youhaveagoodtaste.1转换法

形容词转换为动词（使动用法）1openadj开着的----v开放、打开

openthedoor2cleanadj清洁的----V打扫

cleantheclassroom3freeadj----vfreesb1转换法形容词转换为动词（使动用法）4slowadj----vslowdown/speedup5narrowadj----v anarrowescape Theselectionwasnarrowed.合成法两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词（叠加猜词义）合成名词合成形容词合成副词合成动词合成词

合成名词1名词+名词

workshop;spaceship;chairman;boyfriendgirlfriend;tearoom;headache;mankindpostcard;postcode;website;birthplace合成词

合成名词2形容词+名词

supermarket greenhouse wildlife sidewalk合成词

合成名词3动名词+名词(用途)

readingroom dining-room waitingroom writingdesk washingmachine boilingpoint合成词

合成名词动名词与现在分词做定语的区别动名词做定语指的是事物的性质、特征和用途，可以翻译为：用来做。。。。现在分词做定语强调的是这个事物正在进行的动作asleepingbag/asleepingboy合成词

合成名词4

名词+动名词

handwriting sightseeing problem-solving合成词

合成名词5

动词+名词

playgroundtypewriter6动词+副词

breakdown;breakthrough;clean-updrawback;get-together合成词

合成名词合成词

合成名词合成词

合成形容词1n/adj/adv+现在分词

energy-savinggood-lookingeasy-goingEnglish-speakinghard-workingoutstanding合成词

合成形容词2n/adj/adv+过去分词

self-educatedman-madesunburntwell-knowntask-basedwidespreadoutspokenwell-behaved合成词

合成形容词3adj+n+ed

open-minded narrow-minded warm-hearted wide-eyed合成词

合成形容词4

其他

underground;worldwide;face-to-facehomesick;nationwide;offshorestraightforward;two-year-oldup-to-date;worthwhilefull-time;tax-free合成词

合成副词1

程度

maybesomewhat合成词

合成副词2

时间、频度

forevernowadayssometimeswhenever合成词

合成副词3

方位

anywhere;somewhere;elsewhere;everywhere;nowhere;downstairsupstairs;downtown;indoors;outdoorswherever;sideways合成词

合成副词4

承接副词

anyway;anyhow;however;meanwhile;otherwise;somehow;therefore;moreover;furthermore合成词

合成动词underlinebrainstormsleep-walkoverhearoverthrowwhite-washsafeguard（bodyguard）upset截短法

即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种

1截头telephone---phoneairplane----plane截短法

即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种

2去尾mathematics---mathsexamination---examkilogram---kilolaboratory---lab截短法

即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种

2去尾mathematics---mathsexamination---examkilogram---kilolaboratory---lab截短法

即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种

3截头去尾influenza---flurefridgerator---fridgeprescription---script混合法

即将两个词混合或者各取一部分紧缩而成的一个新词。通常后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。

newsbroadcast---newscasttelevisionbroadcast---telecastsmokefog---smoghelicopterairport---heliport首尾缩略法

即用单词首字母组成一个新词

veryimportantpersonVIPmostvaluableplayerMVPtheUnitedStatesofAmericatheUSAtheUnitedKindomofGreatBritaintheUK派生法在一个单词的前或后加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。通常前缀决定含义

undispre后缀决定词性

lymentist派生法

前缀1否定前缀

un-unfair;uncover;unable;unpackunlike

im/in/ir/il-impossible;inexpensive;illegal;impatient派生法

前缀1否定前缀

mis-mistake;misunderstand;mistrust

dis-disable;discover;disadvantagediscourage;dishonest;disagree

non-non-stop;non-somking派生法前缀1否定前缀

anti-antiwar;antidrugs;anti-theft

派生法前缀2“空间位置”前缀

pre/pro-progress;pre-readingpre-war;previewprecedure

fore-forehead;forecast;forward派生法前缀2“空间位置”前缀

ex-

向外export;expose

in/im-

在内include;indoors;import

inter-interview;internet;international

intro-向内introduce

be-

靠近、变成beside;befriend派生法前缀2“空间位置”前缀

sur-

在。。上Surface

sub-

在下subway;sub-zero

out-outlook

trans-转移translate;transplant;transformer

派生法前缀派生法前缀派生法前缀派生法前缀4“时间、程度”前缀

re-review;repeat;recall;returnpost-postwar;post-readingfore-foretell;forecast

ex-ex-wife;ex-president派生法前缀5“离开”前缀

a-awayde-depart;dewater;degrade;decreasese-separate派生法前缀派生法前缀7“使动”前缀

en-

enableenlargeencourageenrichendangerenjoy派生法后缀1名词后缀表示人

er-speaker;employer;trainer;keeper;lawyer;foreigner;intervieweree-employee;examinee;trainee;payee;intervieweeor-actor;director;governor;professor;survivorconductor

派生法

后缀1名词后缀表示人

eer-volunteer;engineer;ess-waitress;actress;hostessian-musician;politician;American;Australian;Indian;Egyptian

派生法

后缀1名词后缀表示人

ese-Chinese;Japaneseist-artist;socialist;scientist;specialist;tourist

派生法后缀派生法后缀2名词后缀表示抽象事物ship关系-mumbership;friendship;leadershiphood

关系-childhood;neighbourhood;brotherhood

ism-socialism;Marxismness-kindness;happiness;weakness;coldness;awareness派生法后缀2名词后缀表示抽象事物age-

状态package;marriage;storage;percentageure-结果failure;exposure;mixture;signature;pleasureprocedurey-状态、倾向injury;difficulty;safety;discovery;necessity;responsibility;similarityadj:guilty;dusty;hilly;wealthy;sleepy;handy;worthy派生法后缀2名词后缀表示抽象事物

ance/ence-appearance;difference;

dom-wisdom;freedom;boredom;kingdomth-strength;length;warmth;wealth;wideth;growth;派生法后缀2名词后缀表示抽象事物ing-feeling;building;beginning;accounting;understanding;warningal-arrival;survivalful-armful;handful;mouthful派生法后缀派生法后缀3形容词后缀ful-beautiful;wonderful;thankful;grateful;awfulcareful;helpful;useful;powerful;thoughtfulmerciful;forgetful;

less-useless;homeless;careless;helpless;worthless;countless;breathless;tirelesseffortless;

派生法后缀3形容词后缀ous/ious-famous;humorous;curious;nervousserious;adventurous;delicious;obviousvariousic/ical-scientific;historical;classic;energeticalcoholic;dynamic;heroic

派生法后缀3形容词后缀ary-extraordinary;revolutionary;documentoryimaginary;controdictoryexplanatory